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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the structural gene coding region of the pestivirus border disease virus.

Border disease virus (BDV) of sheep, an important ovine pathogen, is serologically related to the two other well characterized members of the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and hog cholera virus (HoCV). To determine its genetic relationship to BVDV and HoCV, the genome of BDV strain, BD-78 encompassing the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and structural gene coding region was molecularly cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. The sequenced region of 3,567 nucleotides contained one open reading frame encoding 1063 amino acids. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of BD-78 were compared with those of two BVDV strains NADL and SD-1, and the Alfort and Brescia strains of HoCV. The overall nucleotide sequence homologies of the region sequenced of BD-78 are 68.3% with BVDV-NADL, 67.8% with BVDV-SD-1, 69.0% with HoCV-Brescia, and 65.8% with HoCV-Alfort. The overall amino acid sequence homologies of BD-78 are 76.1% with NADL, 76.5% with SD-1, 74.2% with Brescia, and 72.9% with Alfort. The most conserved nucleotide and amino acid sequences between BD-78 and the other pestivirueses are in the 5' UTR and the capsid protein coding region (p14), where as the most divergent sequences are in the E2 coding region. These findings suggest that BDV is a unique virus in the Pestivirus genus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Multiple neural cell types are infected in vitro by border disease virus.

Border disease (BD) of sheep results from a congenitally acquired nonarbotogavirus infection which causes a highly selective central nervous system (CNS) pathological lesion consisting of diffuse decreased myelination without inflammation or neuronal destruction. Thus, a selective disruption of oligodendroglial function appears to occur. In order to investigate the in vitro cell tropism of BD virus, primary cultures derived from fetal and adult ovine CNS and peripheral nervous system were inoculated with BD virus. Infected cell types were determined by dual immunofluorescent labeling for viral and cell type specific antigens. Infection of all the major cell types represented in these cultures, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, fibroblasts, dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells was found. Oligodendrocytes were only infected earlier and appeared to remain infected longer than astrocytes and fibroblasts. Infectious virus was produced by all cultures and continued to be produced even after the disappearance of nearly all immunocytochemically detectable viral antigen within cells. These studies suggest that the selective dysfunction of the oligodendrocyte in BD is not based on a selective viral tropism.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Presence of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus (border disease) in sheep and goat flocks in Quebec.

A seroepidemiological study of border disease was conducted in sheep and goats in various areas of Quebec. Sera of 10% of animals of selected flocks were collected and specific antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea- mucosal disease were tested by seroneutralization. Results show that 10.9% and 16% of sheep and goats respectively gave a positive reaction. The lower serological prevalence was found in sheep flocks of the Sherbrooke area (5.4%) while the highest percentage of positive sera was observed in the Quebec area (24.7%). The prevalence in goats varied according to areas (2.6 to 45.5%). No relation was observed in seropositive animals between age, sex, breed and the presence of abortions in the flocks. Our serological results indicate that border disease is probably present in Quebec sheep and goat flocks but that the clinical diagnosis of this disease is not well established.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for typing ruminant pestiviruses: bovine viral diarrhea viruses and border disease virus.

A nested reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was evaluated for differentiating reference bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains, BVDV from diagnostic accessions, modified-live virus (MLV) BVDV strains in bovine viral vaccines, and a reference border disease virus (BDV). The detection level of this assay was compared to viral infection in cell culture. The PCR assay was used to distinguish 3 ruminant pestiviruses, types 1 and 2 BVDV, and type 3 BDV. The consensus (first) PCR assay detected all 3 ruminant pestiviruses, a result of the shared sequence homology. The consensus PCR product was subjected to a second (nested) PCR which used type-specific primers. The nested PCR was able to differentiate the 3 ruminant pestiviruses. Viral stocks of BVDV were diluted 10-fold and processed for the 2-step PCR assay. The sensitivity of this 2-step PCR assay was compared to viral infectivity in cell culture based on identical volumes of the system tested (cell culture assay and processing for RNA). The RT-PCR type-specific assay differentiated BVDV laboratory reference strains (12), diagnostic laboratory isolates (15), 2 MLV BVDV vaccine strains, and a BDV strain. The 30 ruminant pestiviruses typed included: (1) 27 reference strains and diagnostic laboratory isolates; 18 cytopathic (CP) type 1 strains, 3 CP type 2 strains, 3 noncytopathic (NCP) type 1 strains, and 3 NCP type 2 strains; (2) 2 MLV strains, type 1; and (3) 1 CP BDV type 3. The PCR assay had a detection limit of 10 TCID50/0.025 mL of virus when 3 separate BVDV were tested. This 2 step RT-PCR assay would be useful for the typing of ruminant pestiviruses, particularly BVDV isolates from the diagnostic laboratory.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The nucleotide sequence of the 5'-untranslated region of bovine viral diarrhoea virus: its use as a probe in rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses and border disease viruses.

A 289 bp cDNA fragment from the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 16 bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates was amplified by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction, and sequenced by dideoxy DNA sequencing. The sequence showed greater than 90% homology between the isolates and BVDV NADL in this region, and greater than 97% homology within a 72 base sub-region (nt 314-386). The 289 bp fragment was then used as a probe for rapid detection of BVDV and border disease virus (BDV) from cell culture samples by dot-blot hybridization. This probe hybridized to 100% of BVDV isolates (n = 78) and 100% of BDV isolates (n = 9), but not to the uninfected BT cells or other bovine infectious agents. A shorter probe from the more conserved sub-region also was tested for hybridization with some of the isolates, and the results were similar to those using the longer probe. These results suggest that the 5'-UTR is highly conserved among BVDV and BDV isolates, and may be used as a potential probe for rapid detection of BVDV and BDV in clinical and cell culture samples from cattle and sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Prevalence of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus and/or border disease virus in domestic ruminants.

A total of 62 sera collected from cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and camels were investigated for the presence of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus. The prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to BVD virus was 49.2, 52.0, 27.5, 31.4 and 52.5% in cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and camels, respectively. The positive sera were titrated against BVD virus (BVDV) strains NADL and Oregon C24V; the latter is closely related to border disease (BD) virus. The frequency distributions of the antibody titres to both strains are presented. The statistical analysis shows no significant difference between the antibody titres to BVDV strains NADL and Oregon C24V in cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and camels. On the other hand antibody titres to BVDV were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in cattle and buffalo in comparison with sheep, goats and camels. The cell-bound immunoassay (CBIA) is a serological rest established for the detection and titration of antibodies to BVD virus and BD virus. The percentage of agreement between the CBIA and the neutralizing peroxidase-linked antibody (NPLA) test was 96.1 and 95.3% in cattle and buffalo, respectively. The sensitivity of the CBIA in comparison with the NPLA was 100% while the specificity was 92.3 and 90.3% when testing the sera of cattle and buffalo, respectively. The method is easy to perform, cheap and suitable for the conditions in Egypt.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Intracellular virus-induced polypeptides of pestivirus border disease virus.

Intracellular virus specific polypeptides of pestivirus, border disease virus (BDV) in bovine turbinate cells were analysed by radio-immunoprecipitation with specific antisera. Eleven viral polypeptides with molecular weights of 220, 165, 118, 84, 66, 58, 55, 53, 45, 37 and 31 kDa, respectively, were detected in infected cells. Of these, the 165, 118, 84, 66, 58, 55, 53, 45 and 31 kDa proteins were found to be glycosylated. Comparative studies indicated that the polypeptides induced by BDV share many antigenic epitopes with those of the polypeptides induced by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a serologically related virus of the same genus, pestivirus. The polypeptide profile of BDV appeared to be more similar to that of the noncytopathic BVDV strain NY1 compared to that of cytopathic BVDV strains NADL and Singer. Peptide mapping analysis of homologous polypeptides from BVDV and BDV confirmed their structural relatedness.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Kinetics and persistence of neutralizing antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 and -2 and border disease virus after two step vaccination of cattle].

The aim of the study was the assessment of rise and persistence of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV) after a two step vaccination using an inactivated BVDV/BDV (Mucobovin) and a modified live BVDV vaccine (Vacoviron). In a first experiment eight heifers were kept in isolation and were serologically surveyed regularly over a three year period after vaccination. The same experiment was done with 80 vaccinated cattle kept under field conditions. Neutralizing antibody titres were monitored using homologous as well as heterologous BVDV and one BDV strain, respectively. Maximum titres were obtained two to three months after vaccination. During the three years of monitoring the antibody titres decreased but never fell below the detection limit. This slow antibody regression demonstrates that a single two step vaccination elicited high nAb titres which persist over at least three years. These results might serve as a decision tool when considering the necessity and time of revaccination of cattle, which have been vaccinated using the two step method.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Progeny of sheep persistently infected with border disease virus.

Most lambs affected with border disease die early in life but those which survive gradually loose their body tremors and their fleece abnormalities become less clear. Seven female lambs persistently infected with border disease virus were reared to maturity and bred from when they were 2 to 3 years old. Two failed to conceive but five gave birth to 6 live lambs with clinical signs of border disease characterized by hairy and pigmented fleece with or without body tremors. The epidemiological significance of persistently infected sheep is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Presumptive diagnostic differentiation of hog cholera virus from bovine viral diarrhea and border disease viruses by using a cDNA nested-amplification approach.

Hog cholera virus (HCV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and border disease virus (BDV) are closely related pestiviruses. BVDV and BDV are found worldwide but seldom cause disease in swine. In contrast, HCV has been successfully eradicated from swine in several nations but poses a potentially devastating threat to them because of its great virulence. Rapid differential diagnosis of HCV from BVDV and BDV infections in swine is vital for detection of the possible reintroduction of HCV into national herds from which it has been eradicated. Nested polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) for each of two pestiviral genomic segments are described. Amplification of the relatively conserved 5' genomic terminus identified 59 of 61 HCV, BVDV, and BDV isolates generically as pestiviruses. Nested amplification of the second region was designed to differentiate HCV from BVDV and BDV by exploiting relatively conserved differences in the nucleotide sequences that encode the major envelope glycoprotein. This second PCR correctly identified 36 of 36 diverse HCV isolates while failing to recognize any of 25 BVDV and BDV isolates. Multiple restriction fragment length analyses confirmed the identities of both external and nested PCR products. The two sets of PCRs may help confirm the generic identity of most pestiviruses and may permit presumptive differential diagnosis of HCV from BVDV and BDV.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of the complete genomic sequence of the border disease virus, BD31, to other pestiviruses.

The genus Pestivirus is composed of hog cholera virus (HCV) [also known as classical swine fever virus (CSFV)], bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and border disease virus (BDV). Complete sequences have been published for HCV (or CSFV) and the two genotypes of BVDV (BVDV1 and BVDV2). In this study the complete sequence of the border disease virus (BDV), BD31, was determined. BD31 was isolated from a lamb with hairy shaker syndrome and is the BDV type virus offered by ATCC (ATCC VR-996). The genome was 12268 nucleotides long and had a single large open reading frame (ORF) beginning at nucleotide 357 and ending at nucleotide 12045. The sequence identity of the predicted amino acid sequence of BD31 and other published pestivirus sequences varied from 71% to 78%. Phylogenetic analysis of available complete genomic sequences segregated pestiviruses into two branches. One branch contained BD31 and HCV (or CSFV) isolates while the other branch contained BVDV1 and BVDV2 isolates. Pestiviruses from the same branch were similar in the length of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR). When complete genomic sequences were compared among BD31, HCV (or CSFV), BVDV1 and BVDV2, the highest sequence identity was observed in the 5' UTR. Within the ORF, the highest sequence identity was observed in the genomic region coding for the nonstructural viral polypeptide p80.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Effects of congenital infection of sheep with border disease virus on myelin proteins.

Border disease (BD) of sheep is caused by a virus in the genus Pestivirus that results in decreased myelination throughout the CNS when acquired congenitally. Pregnant ewes were inoculated with BD virus at 50 days of gestation, and myelin proteins were quantified in several regions of the CNS during prenatal and postnatal development of infected lambs for comparison with age-matched controls. Newborn field-infected lambs were also examined. Myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) were measured by densitometric scanning of western blots. Deficiencies in the myelin proteins were detected as early as 116 days of gestation, and the deficiencies of myelin proteins were most pronounced in the cerebellum at all ages examined. PLP and MBP increased from 10-30% of normal in cerebellar white matter at birth to 40-60% of normal at 6 months, suggesting some catch-up in the amount of compact myelin with development. MAG and CNP were between 70 and 80% of control levels in the cerebellum at birth and at 6 months. Similar results were obtained for the corpus callosum and spinal cord of infected lambs, but the deficiencies of myelin proteins were not as great. A common finding in all regions examined was that MBP and PLP were reduced more than MAG and CNP. This is probably explained by a greater deficit of compact myelin, in which MBP and PLP are localized, than of associated oligodendroglial membranes, in which MAG and CNP are concentrated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1990

Alterations in lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of sheep persistently infected with border disease virus.

Fourteen sheep persistently infected with border disease virus were investigated to examine the effects of persistent viraemia on lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and their responses to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro. Persistently infected sheep had significantly more CD8+ (cytotoxic-suppressor) T-lymphocytes than uninfected sheep of the same age (P less than 0.001). The total number of CD4+ (helper) T-lymphocytes were not significantly different but there were more T-lymphocytes (CD5+) which were CD4- and CD8- in normal sheep than persistently infected sheep (P less than 0.001). Peripheral lymphocytes obtained from persistently infected sheep showed significantly reduced blastogenesis induced by PHA than those obtained from normal sheep (P less than 0.001).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Viral persistence and abnormalities of the central nervous system after congenital infection of sheep with border disease virus.

Lambs congenitally infected with border disease (BD) virus and sheep exposed to BD virus as adults were studied for one year to determine the pathogenesis of congenital exposure compared with adult exposure to the virus. Persistent BD virus was isolated in tissue culture and detected by immunofluorescence of the peripheral white blood cells, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid of lambs with congenital BD up to one year of age. These animals had no detectable serum neutralizing antibody response to the virus for the same interval. BD virus antigen was also detected by immunofluorescence in many central nervous system tissues of these lambs with congenital BD. Dysmyelination and glial proliferation in the central nervous system and microencephaly were noted in the lambs with congenital BD, and these lesions appeared to remain the same over a 12-month period.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Complete genomic sequence of border disease virus, a pestivirus from sheep.

The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae comprises three established species, namely, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and border disease virus from sheep (BDV). In this study, we report the first complete nucleotide sequence of BDV, that of strain X818. The genome is 12,333 nucleotides long and contains one long open reading frame encoding 3, 895 amino acids. The 5' noncoding region (NCR) of BDV X818 consists of 372 nucleotides and is thus similar in length to the 5' NCR reported for other pestiviruses. The 3' NCR of X818 is 273 nucleotides long and thereby at least 32 nucleotides longer than the 3' NCR of pestiviruses analyzed thus far. Within the 3' NCR of BDV X818, the sequence motif TATTTATTTA was identified at four locations. The same repeat was found at two or three locations within the 3' NCR of different CSFV isolates but was absent in the 3' NCR of BVDV. Analysis of five additional BDV strains showed that the 3' NCR sequences are highly conserved within this species. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of X818 with the ones of other pestiviruses allowed the prediction of polyprotein cleavage sites which were conserved with regard to the structural proteins. It has been reported for two BVDV strains that cleavage at the nonstructural (NS) protein sites 3/4A, 4A/4B, 4B/5A, and 5A/5B is mediated by the NS3 serine protease and for each site a conserved leucine was found at the P1 position followed by either serine or alanine at P1' (N. Tautz, K. Elbers, D. Stoll, G. Meyers, and H.-J. Thiel, J. Virol. 71:5415-5422, 1997; J. Xu, E. Mendez, P. R. Caron, C. Lin, M. A. Murcko, M. S. Collett, and C. M. Rice, J. Virol. 71:5312-5322). Interestingly, P1' of the predicted NS5A/5B cleavage site of BDV is represented by an asparagine residue. Transient expression studies demonstrated that this unusual NS5A/5B processing site is efficiently cleaved by the NS3 serine protease of BDV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Border disease virus antigens in lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of persistently infected sheep.

Biotinylated virus-specific antibodies were used to detect Border disease virus antigen by flow cytometry in the mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood of 15 sheep persistently infected with Border disease virus. The viral antigen was present in 12.86 +/- 4.65% (mean +/- SD) of mononuclear cells (MNC). The percentage of MNC that contained viral antigen was higher in lambs than in adult sheep, with mean rates of 22.68 +/- 5.02% and 11.65 +/- 4.39%, respectively. Depletion methods were used to estimate the distribution of viral antigen in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets. The viral antigen was present in T-cells (OvCD5+), B-cells (LCAp220+) and non-T- and non-B-cells. Depletion studies revealed that 5.39 +/- 2.47% of the cells expressing the LCAp220 epitope (B-cells), 23.38 +/- 11.38% of those expressing the OvCD5 epitope (T-cells) and 55.07 +/- 10.93% of those which were neither B- nor T-cells were positive for viral antigen. Most (57.18 +/- 5.41%) of the T-cells containing viral antigen were cytotoxic/suppressor (OvCD8), 25.63 +/- 2.97% were helper (OvCD4) cells and 12.24 +/- 3.21% expressed the gamma/delta (OvWC1) epitope.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Cytotoxic T cell responses in lambs experimentally infected with Border disease virus.

Mononuclear cells cytotoxic to a noncytopathic strain of Border disease virus (BDV) but not to uninfected cells were detected in the peripheral blood of experimentally infected lambs, 10 days after experimental infection, reaching peak levels of cytotoxicity 15 days post-inoculation. The specificity of the cytotoxic activity to BDV-infected cells was tested by including autologous targets infected with another virus (bovine respiratory syncytial virus, BRSV) and normal uninfected autologous targets. The cytotoxic T cells were virus-specific, as only autologous BDV-infected targets were lysed, whereas autologous targets infected with BRSV and uninfected targets were not lysed. The present results also suggest that the cytotoxic activity was largely MHC-restricted as the specific release from BDV-infected autologous targets was significantly higher than that of BDV-infected heterologous targets (P < 0.001) and the cytotoxicity against BDV-infected homologous targets was significantly reduced by the selective depletion of OvCD8+ T cells (P < 0.001).

Animals↗