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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Prologue for a synoptic catalog: combining a hospital library catalog and a bookseller's catalog.

This article introduces the synoptic catalog, a computerized combination of a hospital library catalog and a bookseller's catalog. Majors Scientific Books and Richmond Memorial Hospital Libraries in Virginia collaborated to develop the model. A logical evolution in catalog theory and practice, the design expands the identification, collocation, and evaluation functions of the traditional library catalog. This article explains the procedures and specifications, including system requirements, record mapping, design details, scope, record transmission, timing, record importing, and file maintenance. The result is a single-interface catalog providing simultaneous and consistent searching of combined information databases. Bookseller records in the synoptic catalog can be modified to indicate library ownership. The synoptic catalog design supports cost-effective collection development and focuses on actual information needs of library users. This report discusses user convenience, budget requirements, publisher advertising, collection development, productivity, and library-bookseller relations. User response to the catalog has been favorable, but improvements are needed.

Catalogs, Library↗
PubMed2005

Conscientious workmen or booksellers' hacks? The professional identities of science writers in the mid-nineteenth century.

Existing scholarship on the debates over expertise in mid-nineteenth-century Britain has demonstrated the importance of popular writings on the sciences to definitions of scientific authority. Yet while men of science might position themselves in opposition to the stereotype of the merely popular writer, the self-identity of the popular writer remained ambiguous. This essay examines the careers of William Charles Linnaeus Martin (1798-1864) and Thomas Milner (1808-ca. 1883) and places them in the context of others who made their living by writing works on the sciences for the general reader. Martin wrote on zoology and Milner moved between astronomy, geology, and geography. The essay unravels the close but ambivalent relationship between the professions of authorship and of science and highlights writing as another aspect of scientific practice. Both writers were moderately financially successful, but Martin's sense of failure and Milner's satisfaction reflect their contrasting images of their professional identity.

Authorship↗
PubMed1974

Boerhaave: author and editor.

The many facets of Herman Boerhaave's life are presented. He was a renowned teacher, physician, author, and editor. Discussed here are his activities as cataloger of the Vossius Collection, author of books on chemistry, botany, and medicine, and as editor of works by Vesalius and early Greek medical writers. Printing and bookselling in Leiden during Boerhaave's era are described.

Authorship↗
PubMed2003

Competing to popularize Newtonian philosophy. John Theophilus Desaguliers and the preservation of reputation.

In January and February 1720 John Theophilus Desaguliers, a fellow of the Royal Society and a popular lecturer and experimenter, engaged in a public argument with two booksellers, William Mears and John Woodward. Each side offered for sale a translation of Willem Jacob's Gravesande's Physices elementa mathematica, experimentis confirmata, an introduction to Isaac Newton's natural philosophy. The adversaries challenged each other in letters placed within advertisements for their respective translations that appeared in the Post Boy. While historians of science have long noted the existence of the two translations, the events following their publication have not been explored fully. Setting Desaguliers as the focal point allows the complexities buried beneath the surface of this affair to be revealed. Desaguliers's behavior resulted from his past experiences with the book trade, the competition among public lecturers in London, his financial situation, and concerns about the preservation of his reputation. This episode demonstrates the necessity of finding a prominent role for newspaper advertisements in the study of public science and in histories of the book.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

How Galen's "sixteen books" came to China in the tenth century AD.

Ibn an-Nadim, the famous 10th century bookseller and bibliographer of Baghdad and author of the "Fihrist" (Catalogue), tells the story of an unnamed Chinese student who found in the library of the famous physician and philosopher ar-Razi the so-called "Sixteen Books," i.e. the Arabic summary of the most influential books written by Galen, and translated them into Chinese. We do not know if this Chinese translation was safely transported to China.

Arab World↗
PubMed1998

Built out of books: lesbian energy and feminist ideology in alternative publishing.

This paper chronicles the birth of lesbian-feminist publishing in the 1970s, a significant but often overlooked chapter of American alternative publishing history, and one that would help create the circumstances supporting a flourishing lesbian and gay literature in the 1980s and 1990s. Between 1968 and 1973, over 500 feminist and lesbian publications appeared across the country, and what would become an organized network of independent women's bookstores began to appear. In 1976, a group of feminist trades-women-printers, booksellers, and others-would meet in the first of a series of Women in Print conferences that would give a name to the fledgling alternative press movement. Fueled by the energy of the women's movement, lesbians were instrumental actors in a variety of feminist publishing enterprises that, taken together, constituted a unique brand of print activism that illuminated and revised categories of identity; empowered individuals to overcome social isolation and discrimination; and informed nascent lesbian and feminist communities about strategies of resistance.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed2005

Injury prevention advice in top-selling parenting books.

OBJECTIVE: Parenting books are a commonly used source of information on how to keep children and adolescents safe from injuries, the leading cause of death and disability for children aged 1 to 18 years. The content and the quality of the messages contained in these books have not been evaluated formally. The objective of this study was to determine the quantity and the quality of injury prevention messages contained in popular parenting books. METHODS: Top-selling parenting books for 2 major booksellers were reviewed to determine the presence and the accuracy of injury prevention messages as compared with those recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) through The Injury Prevention Program (TIPP) for younger children, aged 0 to 12 years, and the American Medical Association (AMA) through its Parent Package for the safety of adolescents. RESULTS: Forty-six parenting books were reviewed, including 41 with messages related to younger children and 19 with messages related to adolescents. These books varied widely with regard to the number of injury prevention messages included. Although some books covered the great majority of TIPP messages for parents of young children, others included very few. In the case of books that address safety for adolescents, no book had more than half of the messages recommended by the AMA. Prevention of burns and motor vehicle injury were the most commonly addressed injury prevention topics in the books focused on younger children, whereas gun safety was the most prevalent injury prevention topic in books that focused on adolescents. Books that were authored by physicians addressed more of the recommended topics and messages than books that were written by authors from other professional backgrounds. The quality of messages was good, ie, consistent with the advice given by the AAP and the AMA. In only a few cases, the parenting books gave injury prevention advice that was inconsistent with recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, books on parenting adolescents are less likely to contain injury prevention messages than those that address younger children. However, the most frequent injury prevention messages for parents of adolescents describe strategies to prevent firearm injury, a leading cause of death for children in this age group. More emphasis should be placed on prevention of motor vehicle injuries, especially as relates to adolescents. Pediatricians and primary care physicians need to be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of parenting manuals in providing adequate guidance related to injury prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Folk Medicine has many universal remedies - the most important is "Aquavit"].

In 1875 A.P. Møller, a bookseller on "Gammelmønt" in Copenhagen published a little book on "aquavit" as a universal medicament written by an old shepherd from Schlesien. The idea behind the book is discussed and several additions to aquavit are mentioned. The adding of salt is especially recommended for many ailments. The Danes have generally prefered to add other substances, which is shown by comparing the shepherds list with a danish investigation.

Books↗
PubMed2003

[Eugène-Humbert Guitard, 1884-1976, initiator of the Société d' histoire de la pharmacie and founder of its bulletin].

In 1913, the year when he publishes Deux siècles de presse au service de la pharmacie et cinquante ans de << L' Union pharmaceutique >>, Guitard creates the << Société d' histoire de la pharmacie >> (he is its genuine father, and not Charles Buchet) and starts its Bulletin (subsequently Revue) the editorship of which he will handle half a century. The author focuses on the striking features of his outstanding personality (acchivist, librarian, curator of a museum, expert at writing, bookseller, printer and publisher, hellenist, professor of history of pharmacy, journalist, columnist, musician, art-lover, urbanist, active defender of our cultural legacy) and the remarkable qualities of his four great works of history of pharmacy.

France↗
PubMed1988

[Unusual historical cases of uterine inversion].

Professor Martial Dumont presents four cases of inverted uterus which are quite old. They come from the book by Mr Planque, M.D., entitled: "Selected Medical Library, from periodical publications, French as well as Foreign", published in Paris in 1748, by D'Houry senior, publisher and bookseller of His Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans, rue de la Vieille Boucherie. These findings are reported in Volume One, pages 406-413.

Female↗
PubMed1983

[Medical historiography in the Islamic Middle Ages].

The model for the Islamic historiography is the lost original text of the history of physicians by John the Grammarian (Grammatikós). Ishâq ibn Hunain, the son of the famous Hunain ("Johannitius" in Latin) wrote the first history of physicians in Arabic. In the year 987 A.D. two scientists completed their works at the same time (independently of another): Ibn an-Nadîm, a Bagdad bookseller, compiled a booklist, and Ibn Juljul, a physician in Cordova, wrote a history of scholars. The main sources for the student of medical history today are the physicians' biographies of the oculist Ibn abî Usaibica which bear the title "Sources of the news about the generations of physicians" which are printed in Arabic only. He was a physician at the hospital in Damascus and Cairo and a friend of many fellow-physicians; therefore his large number of biographical informations about life in hospital and in medical study are particularly valuable.

Historiography↗
PubMed2004

Endogenous versus exogenous shocks in complex networks: an empirical test using book sale rankings.

We study the precursory and recovery signatures accompanying shocks in complex networks, that we test on a unique database of the Amazon.com ranking of book sales. We find clear distinguishing signatures classifying two types of sales peaks. Exogenous peaks occur abruptly and are followed by a power law relaxation, while endogenous peaks occur after a progressively accelerating power law growth followed by an approximately symmetrical power law relaxation which is slower than for exogenous peaks. These results are rationalized quantitatively by a simple model of epidemic propagation of interactions with long memory within a network of acquaintances. The observed relaxation of sales implies that the sales dynamics is dominated by cascades rather than by the direct effects of news or advertisements, indicating that the social network is close to critical.

Bookselling↗