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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Contact area and static pressure profile at the plate-bone interface in the nonluted and luted bone plate.

Contact area and pressure between 6-hole broad dynamic compression plates and 20 pairs of equine third metatarsal bones were measured using nonluted and luted plating techniques. Pressure-sensitive film (pressure ranges 10 to 50 MPa and 50 to 130 MPa) was used as the static pressure transducer. Nonluted and one of two luting techniques were tested on each pair of bones; each luting technique was tested on 20 bones. Quantitative determinations of contact area and pressure were made using computerized image processing techniques. Mean (+/- SD) total contact area for nonluted plates was 18.49% +/- 3.5% of the potential plate-bone contact area. Luting increased (P < .05) total contact area to 25.56% +/- 4.0% and 31.29% +/- 6.6% for the respective luting techniques. The effects of luting on contact area were dependent on the contact pressure. At contact pressure ranges 10 to 20 and 21 to 35 MPa, luting increased contact area. In contact pressure ranges 36 to 45 and 50 to 65 MPa, plate-bone contact was inherently greatest and plate luting had no significant effect on contact area. In contact pressure ranges 66 to 99 and 100 to 126 MPa, luting decreased contact area. Contact area was increased at lower contact pressures at the expense of higher pressure contact. Contact in the middle third of the plate was 20% to 40% of the contact at either end of the plate. Plate luting increased contact area best where plate-bone contour was most similar.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The influence of screw torque, object radius of curvature, mode of bone plate application and bone plate design on bone-plate interface mechanics.

Using Fuji Prescale Pressure Sensitive Film we evaluated the influence of screw torque, object radius of curvature, mode of bone plate application (compression or neutral loading) and bone plate design on bone-plate interface mechanics. Testing was performed using 4.5 mm and 3.5 mm dynamic compression (DC) (stainless steel) and limited contact-dynamic compression (LC-DC) plates (titanium). Plexiglass tubing, having different radii of curvature, was used to simulate bone but having more uniform geometric and structural properties. With the film interposed between the bone plate and the plexiglass, bone plates were applied at predetermined levels of screw torque. The resultant image was digitized and then underwent computer-assisted analysis to yield the interface contact area (%) and the average force (in Newtons N) between the bone plate and the object to which it was applied. In any given object, screw torque had the most significant influence on both interface contact area (P = 0.0001) and average force (P = 0.0001) at the interface. The bone plates responded differently to dynamization. The DC plate, when applied in compression loading mode, was lifted off the object between the two central screws when compared to the same plate applied in neutral loading mode (P = 0.0001). Conversely, in the LC-DC plate, an increase in the overall interface contact area was observed when applied in compression loading mode (P = 0.0002). At a given level of applied screw torque, the object radius of curvature appeared to be a major determining factor for interface contact area and average force (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0001). We conclude that variables other than bone plate design also influence the interface contact area and average force between a bone plate and object to which it is applied.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2004

An evaluation of interface contact profiles in two low contact bone plates.

Bone plate design has evolved dramatically in recent years. The Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) has been superseded by bi- and uni-cortical plates that claim a reduced interface contact between the plate and the underlying bone. It is believed that contact reduction ameliorates the localised ischaemia that develops subsequent to plate application. In this study, the interface characteristics of the Limited Contact-Dynamic Compression Plate (LC-DCP) and the Contour Plus (CP) plating systems have been quantitated using Fuji prescale pressure sensitive film interposed between the plate and the bone. Ten-hole plates were applied to the same aspect of either the humeral, radial or ulnar diaphysis of human cadaveric bone in a reproducible manner. The average pressure, force and interface contact area were calculated using Interactive Data Language (IDL) image analysis software. The CP system was consistently lower, in terms of interface contact, than the LC-DCP in each of the specimen locations tested (P<0.0001). The CP system displayed a 'point-contact' configuration along the interface with high pressures recorded at these points, the significance of which is unknown.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Salvage of the mandibular staple bone plate following bone infection.

Two cases of previously unreported complications associated with implantation of a mandibular staple bone plate are presented. One was a proven case of chronic osteomyelitis, and the other had a close clinical and radiographic resemblance to osteomyelitis. It is suspected in both cases that complications were due to the use of a dull twist drill that caused local tissue injury. Differences in the clinical courses are believed to be related to the degree of oral hygiene after surgery, with a more severe infection occurring in the patient who maintained extremely poor home care. There is the possibility that some degree of osteoporosis was present in the same patient that may also have influenced the clinical course. While the salvage of implants in areas of osteomyelitis is controversial, it was shown to be justifiable in these cases. Crucial to such salvage is the selection of an antibiotic that is effective against the organisms involved and safe for prolonged use. Cefotaxime and clindamycin were used in the cases reported and proved to be effective and without adverse effect. Although it will take time to see to what degree bone refills the affected areas, it appears at present that the resorptive process has ceased and that bone regeneration is in progress. Prevention of the complications reported here is believed to be possible with the use of sharp drills, slow drilling speed, copious cool irrigation, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis, and meticulous oral hygiene.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The stability of Le Fort I advancement osteotomies using bone plates without bone grafts.

The stability of Le Fort I advancement osteotomies using 4 "Champy" stainless steel mini plates without bone grafts was studied. Eleven consecutive patients, 3 of whom had cleft lips and palates were evaluated retrospectively. Seven patients had bimaxillary procedures. Cephalometric radiographs were taken preoperatively, immediately after operation and at least six months later. The mean maxillary advancement in the horizontal direction was 3.7 mm. The radiographs were traced and the results were subjected to a statistical analysis. No significant relapse was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The influence of screw omission on construction stiffness and bone surface strain in the application of bone plates to cadaveric bone.

Biological fracture repair is becoming an increasingly popular means of fracture fixation. This technique involves a reduction in the amount of surgical trauma thereby preserving vascular supply and soft-tissue integrity combined with the implantation of less hardware. The aim is the stimulation of callus formation as the means by which fracture union occurs. This paper describes the mechanical effect of the symmetrical omission of screws on construction stiffness and bone surface strain following the application of bone plates to cadaveric bone. The influence of the pattern of screw omission was evaluated in both intact and osteotomized bone specimens. The application of bone plates using certain patterns of screw omission did not significantly effect the stiffness of the final construction whilst inherent bone surface strain was increased. It was concluded that the omission of screws in certain defined patterns for a given plate-bone construction may meet the criteria for 'biological fixation'. There was no apparent deleterious effect on structural stiffness following the omission of 40% of the total screw complement from a plate-bone construction.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The relationship between porosity, collagen fiber orientation and strength of plated bone after rigid plate fixation and removal.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the relationship between porosity, collagen fiber orientation and strength of the plated bone after rigid plate fixation and removal. METHODS: Seventy-two New Zealand white rabbits were used in this experiment. Eight animals served as control and the other sixty-four were plated on their intact left tibiae with stainless steel (316L) 4-hole plates to induce early osteoporosis. The plates were removed 2 months after internal fixation in 40 plated animals, 8 of which were sacrificed immediately following plate removal and the other 32 were killed in successive groups with 8 in each group 1, 2, 3 and 4 months after plate removal. The remaining 24 plated animals were killed at 3, 4 and 6 months after plate fixation. After sacrifice, the samples of plated bone were prepared for light microscope, quantitative histological analysis, polarized light microscope and biomechanical test. RESULTS: The internal fixation with a rigid plate could induce the regional osteoporosis which manifested both bone loss and disorganized bone structure (loss of the orientation of the collagen fibers) leading to decreased strength of the plated bone. Although the regional osteoporosis could recover gradually after plate removal, the bone structure remained disorderly even when the bone mass returned to normal. Delayed restoration of bone structure was related to delayed restoration of bone strength. CONCLUSIONS: Besides the bone loss, the disorganized bone structure is the main cause of decrease of bone strength after rigid plate fixation and removal.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

[Cranioplasty using preserved subaponeurotic bone plate].

Cranial bone defect in 6 patients (5 males and 1 female) was repaired with preserved subaponeurotic bone plate. The defect was caused by evacuation of hematoma (5 patients) and resection of pituitary tumor (1 patient). Bone plates used measured 5-8 x 6-10 cm, and preserved for 57-92 days. Microscopic examination showed that the bone plates was alive, and small blood vessels were connected with two aponeuroses. X-ray examination showed normal density of the bone plates. No complication was noted. The bone plate can be used in postoperative cranioplasty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Use of the mandibular staple bone plate with augmentation in bone grafts.

The mandibular staple bone plate is a helpful adjunct to the treatment of advanced mandibular atrophy when augmentation bone grafts are required. The vestibuloplasty procedure can often be eliminated or modified. The patient can be prosthetically rehabilitated sooner and experiences much greater stability than with conventional denture. If instability contributes to bone loss, then the mandibular staple bone plate should decrease the rate of bone loss in these more vulnerable denture patients and subsequently improve the long term results of the augmentation procedures.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed2005

Mechanical effects of high density polyethylene dynamic compression plate hole inserts on bone-plate constructs.

This study was conducted in order to investigate the mechanical effects of high density polyethylene screw hole inserts in 4.5 mm Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP)--synthetic bone constructs. A mid-shaft 'osteotomy' was created in synthetic bone cylinders. The bisecting 'osteotomy' was reduced using six-hole broad DCPs and 4.5 mm cortical bone screws. The screws adjacent to the 'osteotomy' were placed using a load-guide. The remaining screws were placed in neutral position. High density polyethylene DCP screw hole inserts were incorporated with each screw in neutral position, in the experimental group. The bone plate constructs were tested in four point cyclical bending with the plates loaded at 2,000 Newtons, for a total of 6,000 cycles. Osteotomy gap was measured at 3,000 and 6,000 cycles. Screw head deflection adjacent to the osteotomy was measured. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric testing was used for statistical comparisons. There was significantly less gapping at the osteotomy site in the treatment group after 3,000 cycles (0.49 +/- 0.18 mm [control] vs. 0.06 +/- 0.14 mm [treated], P=0.02) and 6,000 cycles (0.6 +/- 0.18 mm [control] vs. 0.1 +/- 0.22 mm [treated], P=0.02). The screws adjacent to the gap were significantly more deformed in the control group than those in the treated constructs (3.63 +/- 1.81 [control] vs. 1.06 +/- 1.55 [treated], P=0.0002). The polyethylene inserts improved the interface between bone plate and screw head, resulting in decreased relative movement of the implant and bone. The polyethylene inserts also resulted in less bending of the loaded screws.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Bone plate fixation: an evaluation of interface contact area and force of the dynamic compression plate (DCP) and the limited contact-dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) applied to cadaveric bone.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of bone morphology on the interfacial mechanics of bone plate fixation. DESIGN: A comparison of two bone plate designs using measures of contact area and force in three conditions of bone type. INTERVENTION: The influence of bone plate design, bone type, and implant location on interfacial characteristics of contact area and average force were evaluated using pressure-sensitive film in cadaveric bone. Data were quantitated using computer-assisted image analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Means of the two dependent variables in each of the three conditions were compared using analysis of variance. RESULTS: In human femora and equine third metacarpi, there were no apparent differences in interface contact area attributed to bone plate design, although there were significant differences for interface contact force. In humeri, significant differences in both interface contact area and force were found between bone plate designs. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that bone surface topography and implant location are major determinants of the interfacial elements of contact area and average force between a plate and the bone to which it is applied.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of the cobra head bone plate for distal long bone fractures in large animals. A report of four cases.

Four long bone fractures with a short distal fragment were repaired with a cobra head bone plate alone (2 cattle) or in combination with a straight, broad dynamic compression plate (2 horses). Three fractures were of the distal femur (1 horse, 2 cattle) and one was of the distal radius (1 horse). The long-term outcome of the three femoral fractures was soundness in one case and mild lameness in two. Although satisfactory bone healing progressed in the horse with the radial fracture, laminitis in the contralateral forelimb necessitated euthanasia at week 6.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of screw removal on bone strain in an idealized plated bone model.

An idealized plated bone model was used to test the hypothesis that selected screw removal could alter the bone strain field and be a viable treatment for stress protection osteoporosis. Eighteen bone screw modifications were evaluated for their effects on bone strain. The three variables studied were number, position, and length of screws. Removal of two or four bone screws from an eight hole plate significantly increased the strain per load on the bone model over the values with eight screws in the plate (p less than 0.05). The four screw configurations increased bone strain more than the six screw configurations. It also was shown that the position of screws in the plate could significantly alter the bone strain per load results. Removal of six bone screws from an eight hole plate also increased the bone strain per load, but to excess in some tests. In those configurations, the results were not statistically different from the unplated configuration. Replacement of the full length screws with eight half length screws that engaged only the near cortex significantly reduced bone strain per load as compared with eight bicortical bone screws.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of severely comminuted diaphyseal fractures in the dog, using standard bone plates and autogenous cancellous bone graft to span fracture gaps: 11 cases (1979-1983).

Severely comminuted diaphyseal fractures in 11 dogs were repaired with standard bone plates that spanned a fracture gap filled with autogenous cancellous bone graft. Five dogs had closed injuries, 4 dogs had open fractures, and 2 dogs had infected nonunion fractures for which previous attempts at internal pin fixation had failed. A second autogenous cancellous bone graft was performed in 3 of the dogs during the healing period. The technique was successful in all dogs. The technique was considered a versatile and relatively simple alternative, compared with meticulous small fragment reconstruction and cortical bone allografts.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Tendon reattachment to a metallic implant using an allogenic bone plate augmented with rhOP-1 vs. autogenous cancellous bone and marrow in a canine model.

Functionality of endoprosthetic reconstruction may be improved through secure and lasting soft tissue reattachment directly to the metallic implant surface. Tendon reattachment to the metallic surface of a titanium implant (enhanced tendon anchor, ETA) using autogenous bone plate as an interpositional structure between the tendon and metal, augmented with autogenous bone chips and marrow, provided successful mechanical and functional outcome. However, preparation of the autogenous bone plate is not practical in a clinical setting, but application of an allogenic bone plate could be an alternative. The autogenous cancellous bone and marrow may also be substituted by bone growth factors so that no autogenous bone graft is required. We hypothesized that the reconstitution of the direct tendon-bone insertion morphology in tendon reattachment to metallic implant could be achieved using allogenic cancellous bone plate augmented with autogenous cancellous bone and marrow, and that the autogenous bone grafts could be replaced by recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (rhOP-1). In two canine groups the supraspinatus tendon was reattached unilaterally to a modified ETA implant with a highly porous metallic surface known as Tritanium Dimensionalized Metal. Allogenic bone plates saturated with rhOP-1-collagen putty were used in the OP-1 (OP) group, while plates saturated with autogenous cancellous bone and marrow were used in the bone marrow (BM) group. Functional, radiographical, mechanical and histomorphological analysis results were compared between both groups. At 15 weeks, gait analysis showed 78% and 81% recovery of preoperative weight-bearing in OP and BM groups, respectively. The calcified area around the tendon in OP group was 5.2 times larger than that in BM group (p<0.001). The ultimate tensile strength of the reattachment was 24% and 38% of the intact contralateral side in OP and BM groups, respectively, without significant difference between them. There was evidence of tendon-bone insertion transitional zones, tissue ingrowth and adhesion to the metallic surface in both groups. In conclusion, the use of the allograft combined with rhOP-1 had a similar effect as combined with autogenous cancellous bone and marrow in the tendon reattachment to the metallic surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Compression bone plating of a medial condylar fracture of the third metatarsal bone in a Thoroughbred filly.

A medial condylar fracture of the third metatarsal bone in a 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly was repaired successfully by use of compression bone plating. At discharge from the hospital, thickening of the metatarsus was evident, and proliferative changes were associated with the site of bone plate application. It was expected that these changes would limit the filly's use as a racehorse, and a return to training was not recommended. Especially in horses that may return to racing, use of compression bone plating initially should not replace stall rest or lag screw fixation treatment of this type of injury. However, the use of a similar approach in selected cases of medial condylar fracture of the third metatarsal bone is encouraged, especially when additional fissure lines are evident on radiographs.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Bone plate fixation of mandibular fractures.

Bone plate fixation has been applied in 11 out of 1400 patients with fractures of the jaws treated between 1970 and 1978. Most of the case were edentulous patients with dislocated fractures or nonunion fractures due to infection or inadequate immobilization of the fragments in the mandible. A relatively high incidence of complications was noted, depending mostly on the nature of the fracture and in some cases on an extensively resorbed mandible. Bone plate fixation doses have its field of application, although the need for its application in routine treatment of uncomplicated mandibular fractures in dentulous patients is rather limited.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Feasibility of knitted carbon/PEEK composites for orthopedic bone plates.

This paper focuses on fabrication and characterization of knitted carbon/PEEK fabric composites for orthopedic bone plate application. Bending performance of the knitted carbon/PEEK composite bone plates was investigated with respect to two principal knitting directions (wale- and course-directions). As a result, the wale-direction knitted composite bone plates had much scattering in bending stiffness and maximum bending moment although they exhibited the same bending behavior as that of the course-direction specimens. In comparison with our previously developed braided composite bone plates, the knitted composite bone plates had 55-59% bending stiffness, 40-63% yield bending moment, and 54-77% maximum bending moment. However, the knitted composite bone plates showed higher deformability. Based on the results of the braided composite bone plates, it is considered that the knitted composite plate with 3.2mm thickness can be suitable for forearm or humerus treatment especially when damaged bones need higher deformation to encourage bone ossification.

Benzophenones↗