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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Membranous bone lengthening: a serial histological study.

Bone lengthening using the process of corticotomy and gradual distraction of callus is applicable to the membranous bone of the canine mandible. In this study the precursors to bone formation, in the area between the distracted bone edges, are analyzed in an attempt to determine the mechanism of bone formation. Ten mongrel dogs 5 months of age were studied. A unilateral, periosteal-preserving angular corticotomy was performed, and an external bone-lengthening device was fixed to the mandible. After 10 days of external fixation, the mandible was lengthened 1 ml per day for 20 days and then held in external fixation for 8 weeks. The dogs were killed for histological and microradiographic study at 10 and 20 days of distraction, and at 14, 28, and 56 days after the completion of distraction. It was observed that the gap between the distracted bone edges is first occupied by fibrous tissue. As distraction proceeds, the fibrous tissue becomes longitudinally oriented in the direction of distraction. Early bone formation advances along the fibrous tissue, starting from the cut bone ends. Eventually the area is converted to mature cortical bone. Bone is formed predominantly by intramembranous ossification. This mechanism is similar to that of bone formation during long bone lengthening.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Bone lengthening in the craniofacial skeleton.

The process of bone lengthening by cortical fracture and gradual distraction of callus has become well established in the enchondral bones of the extremities. In this study the principles of bone lengthening were applied to the membranous bone of the craniofacial skeleton using the growing dog mandible as a model. Six mongrel dogs five months of age were studied. A unilateral, periosteal-preserving angular corticotomy was performed, and an external minilengthening device was fixed to the mandible perpendicular to the corticotomy. After 10 days of external fixation, the mandible was lengthened 1 mm/day for 20 days and then held in external fixation for 56 days (8 weeks) after which all dogs were killed. Anthropometric measurements and histological analysis of the specimens confirmed that bone lengthening had occurred and that new cortical bone was formed in the expanded areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Distraction epiphyseolysis. An experimental study for bone lengthening. Part I (author's transl)].

Distraction epiphyseolysis is an operation for bone lengthening in children and adolescent which is often performed in Russia. Our experimental examination in rabbits has shown a lot of problems with this method. With distraction epiphyseolysis it is possible to get a primary lengthening of bone and a soon consolidation of the distraction-cleft. During further growth this primary lengthening is going lost. After the end of growth there was no significant difference between operated and non operated bone. The cause of the growth-disturbance is discussed in a further publication guided by histological findings.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

A model for evaluating the strength of bones lengthened by distraction osteogenesis.

In an effort to evaluate the strength of bones lengthened by distraction osteogenesis, a modified Ilizarov-type external fixator was applied to the right tibiae of five adult mongrel dogs. Diaphyseal corticotomies were performed, and distraction (lengthening) was carried out at a rate of approximately 1 mm per day for 20 days. After completion of the lengthening, the animals were killed, the fixators were removed, and the right and left tibiae were harvested and stripped of soft tissue. The ends of all harvested bones were fixated in polymethylmethacrylate to allow testing on a materials testing system (MTS) machine. Testing under torsional loads was performed on the MTS machine (50 degrees maximum angle of rotation at ten seconds) until failure. The right tibiae were lengthened an average of 12 mm (range, 7-15 mm). The slopes of the linear portion of the torque versus rotation curves were determined. A comparison of slopes revealed a mean change in stiffness between test and control bones of 20.32% (range, 0.64%-40.5%). All tibiae exhibiting mature regenerate bone demonstrated stiffness greater than the matched controls (range, 0.64-24.09% stiffer). Four of five dogs had problems with proximal and distal ring impingement. This study presents a reproducible model for evaluating the strength of bones lengthened by distraction osteogenesis. The lengthened bones that exhibited bony or mature regeneration were as strong as the control bones.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Delayed distraction in bone lengthening. Improved healing in lambs.

We compared delayed distraction (DD) with immediate distraction (ID) in bone-lengthening. Open femoral diaphyseal osteotomy was performed on 24 three-month-old lambs, and external distractor fixators were applied. In the ID group (n 12), distraction commenced on the first postoperative day; in the DD group (n 12), distraction was delayed until the tenth day after surgery. In all the animals, the femur was lengthened by 2 cm at the rate of 1 mm/day. The animals were killed 1, 2, and 3 months postoperatively. Radiography and densitometry of the lengthened callus showed that DD, compared with ID, improved the quality of the callus with quicker, denser, and more homogeneous bone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Bone-lengthening for shortness of the fourth toe.

Short fourth metatarsals were observed in 102 patients, often bilaterally. Forty-six of these patients were treated by variations on Jinnaka's bone-lengthening method--that is, interposing a spindle-shaped bone graft within the metatarsophalangeal joint. We examined twenty-six patients clinically and roentgenographically after a follow-up averaging 11.4 years. Satisfactory results were obtained in 74.4 per cent.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diaphyseal bone lengthening in children using Wagner device: long-term results.

In a series of 32 patients, the tibia was lengthened nine times and the femur 26 times. The lengthening was 4.1 cm in the tibia and 4.9 cm in the femur. The callotasis principle and atraumatic handling of the periosteum were considered important. The leg inequality was corrected appropriately, except in cases where the leg-length inequality was greater than 12 cm as a result of a progressive congenital deformity. Late femoral fractures occurred in six patients, but no tibial fractures were seen. One hip dislocation was seen after femoral lengthening, one talus deformation developed after the tibial lengthening, and one peroneal nerve entrapment was released operatively. One infection caused delayed bone union. Average follow-up time was 5.0 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Early prognosis of the state of osteogenesis in bone lengthening].

The authors present their results of early prognosis of the outcomes of the treatment of 68 patients with consequences of injuries and with orthopaedic diseases of tubular bones applying the method of distraction for the recovery of the intact state and the length of the extremity. The method of prognosing the course of the bone tissue regeneration was used. It was established that this method of prognosis was characterized by low diagnosis errors (4.4%), allowed to reveal 71.5% of the patients with disturbances of osteogenesis and to recognize practically all patients with a favourable course of the process. Early prognosis allows to make corrections in the therapeutic tactics, which contributes to reduction in the number of unfavourable outcomes connected with the use of distraction osteosynthesis in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Risk of fracture of regenerated bone and metal implant following bone lengthening osteotomy].

Many problems may arise, jeopardize and spoil the outcome of lengthening osteotomies. Fracture of the plate and the newly formed bone bridging the gap between the fragments is only one of the possible complications. Overload is its cause in all the cases. Following the theory of Pauwels the paper analyses the high stresses in hollow bone and the relationship to their principles of construction. Accurate knowledge of bone stressing and correct assessment of bone strength in the X-rays may help to reduce the incidence of fatigue fractures after limb lengthening.

Bone Lengthening↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasound follow-up of bone lengthening osteotomy].

We report about the possibilities of sonography with regard to postoperative control of limb-lengthening. During the phase of distraction we can show the amount of lengthening with a 5 or 3.5 MHZ linear transducer. We can measure the lengthening or the axial deviation with a sonography as exactly as with an x-ray. X-rays can be saved and the x-ray doses can be reduced.

Bone Lengthening↗
PubMed1991

[Bone lengthening in congenital malformations of the lower limbs].

The authors analyse 21 patients with congenital inequaliti of the lower limbs that had been included on a lengthening programme. The shortening aetiology was: global hipoplasy (8p), congenital deficiency of the fibula isolated (5p) or associated to proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) (3p), congenital short femur (3p) and congenital abscense of the tibia (2p) The authors evaluate the anticipated discrepancy at the end of growth, the lengthening that was obtained and the complications that had been arised. On the femur and tibia hipoplasy the authors equalize the length of the lower limbs in the 75% of the patients, at only one time of lengthening. On the aplasya of the fibula the authors require two periods of lengthening and the achievement of complementary orthopaedic surgery. The authors conclude that the decision to initiate a limb lengthening programme must include not only the leg inequality evaluation, but also anothers factors like the associated anomalies, joint inestability, axial disturbance, foot condition, joint and muscle balance and the patient and family collaboration.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chondrodiatasis in rabbits: a study of the effect of transphyseal bone lengthening on cell division, synthetic function, and microcirculation in the growth plate.

The effects of chondrodiatasis on chondrocyte division, matrix synthesis, and microcirculation in rabbit growth plate were studied. The procedure did not produce any significant change in the percentage of cells labeled with tritiated thymidine, the intensity of radioactive sulfate labeling of the matrix, or the blood supply of the physis. These findings suggest that the procedure does not work by stimulating cell division, synthetic function, or vascularity of the plate, but rather by stretching the matrix passively.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Radiographic features of bone lengthening procedures.

The successful treatment of leg length discrepancy depends not only on an accurate assessment of the pattern of growth of the femur and tibia but also on thorough understanding of the various treatment methods. The radiographic features of 43 leg lengthening surgeries were studied retrospectively, and their significance in the treatment of children with leg length discrepancies was evaluated. The morbidities seen in our study include leg deformities resulting from misalignment of bone segments and excessive stretching of soft tissues, and fractures, nonunions, and delayed unions at the lengthened sites, leading to prolonged application of traction devices. The overall frequency of morbidity was 148.8%. In the orthopedic literature, morbidity rates vary with the underlying reasons for leg length discrepancy, the type of bone lengthening procedure, and the type of complications included. Timely detection of radiographic abnormalities in the lengthened leg can contribute significantly to the successful treatment of leg length discrepancy.

Adolescent↗