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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Comparison of Iodinated Contrast Doses Based on Total Body Weight and Lean Body Weight in Pediatric Patients: Impact on Image Quality and Contrast Exposure.

INTRODUCTION: Iodinated contrast dosing in pediatric computed tomography (CT) traditionally relies on total body weight (TBW), which may result in excessive contrast administration, particularly in patients with higher adiposity. Lean body weight (LBW)-based protocols have shown promise in adults but remain underexplored in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contrast volume requirements and hepatic enhancement quality among three dosing protocols: LBW-based, TBW-based, and the Control Group (CG), based on the institutional standard for pediatric abdominal CT. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 66 patients (age 0-16 years) undergoing contrast-enhanced abdominal CT between September 2023 and August 2024. Patients were randomly assigned to receive iodinated contrast (iobitridol 350mg I/mL) dosed by: (1) LBW (0.63 g iodine/kg x LBW, calculated using Peters formula; n = 23), (2) TBW (0.46 g iodine/kg x TBW; n = 20), or (3) institutional control protocol (2 mL/kg x TBW, equivalent to 0.7 g iodine/kg; n = 23). Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, Scheirer-Ray-Hare, and Cohen's Kappa tests with Likert scale were used. RESULTS: The LBW group received lower median contrast volumes (27 mL; IQR, 10-80 mL) compared to the TBW group (34.5 mL; IQR, 18-78 mL) and the CG group (40 mL; IQR, 13-80 mL), although the differences did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). Notably, this reduction did not compromise hepatic enhancement, which remained comparable to the CG (552 ± 139 HU; P = 0.107). CONCLUSION: Lean body weight may be a useful parameter for estimating contrast dose in pediatric abdominal CT, potentially reducing administered volumes without compromising diagnostic image quality. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These results provide early evidence that LBW-based dosing may support more individualized contrast administration in pediatric CT, potentially reducing exposure-related risks.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in body weight and body protein with intravenous nutrition.

Body weight, protein, fat and water were measured before and after intravenous nutrition in 20 surgical patients. The group included both young and old patients who were suffering from a wide variety of catabolic illnesses and the period of intravenous feeding ranged from 11 to 40 days. Eight of the patients were able to take small amounts of food orally. During the period of intravenous nutrition ten patients gained significant weight although only two of these gained significant protein. Most of the weight gain was due to an increase of water. There was also a gain of water in the patients who lost weight; this water gain occurred in small daily increments over the course of treatment. It is concluded that weight gain can occur without protein gain in patients who are being fed intravenously and that body weight is not a reliable guide to changes in body protein or fat in critically ill patients receiving intravenous nutrition.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hypothalamic function as related to body weight and body fat in anorexia nervosa.

Percentage body fat is predictive of the onset of menstruation at puberty. In anorexia nervosa a relationship between luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and percentage weight loss has been reported. In the current study the relationship of percentage body fat and of percentage weight loss to LH and LH reactivity was examined in anorexia nervosa. Fifteen women with anorexia nervosa were studied. The resting levels of LH were measured, and in seven of the subjects LH response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and clomiphene was tested. The increment in plasma LH was measured in response to a 100 microgram dose of LHRH, and also to a 5-day course of clomiphene 100 mg. The resting LH levels were found to correlate with percentage fat, body weight, and percentage weight loss. Correlations were also found between the response to either LHRH or clomiphene and percentage weight loss, percentage fat, and absolute body weight. Other pituitary hormones measured did not show a relationship to body fat or weight. It is concluded that in addition to being predictive of the onset of menstruation, percentage body fat is significantly related to resting LH and LH reactivity in anorexia nervosa. Although percentage body fat, percentage weight loss, and absolute body weight are all significant correlates of LH reactivity, we cannot at this time conclude that any one in particular is the superior.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2026

Genome-wide association study of body weight and body size traits in Langya hens.

Langya chicken is a Chinese indigenous chicken breed with high genetic diversity. To systematically analyse the genetic basis of body size traits, eight traits (including BW, comb shape, and body size) of 2 952 Langya hens were measured at 130 days of age and at first egg of age. A total of 9 708 856 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained through whole-genome resequencing and used for subsequent genetic parameter estimation and genome-wide association study (GWAS). The results of genetic parameter analysis revealed significant differences in the SNP heritability of different body size traits, with an overall range of 0.13-0.64. In particular, BW, comb length, comb height, and tibia length exhibited moderate-to-high heritability (0.34-0.64) during both developmental stages. GWAS revealed significantly associated SNP loci distributed across multiple chromosomal regions, indicating that body size traits have a complex multilocus genetic regulatory structure and that some chromosomal regions recur for different body size traits and during different developmental stages, showing potential pleiotropic effects or shared genomic regions. Notably, multiple stable body size trait-associated regions were identified on Gallus gallus autosome (GGA) 1, 4, and 27, including genomic regions on GGA1 (167.56-178.18 Mb), GGA4 (68.24-81.17 Mb), and GGA27 (5.22-6.73 Mb), in which significantly associated signals were repeatedly detected for multiple body size traits, such as BW and tibia length. The significant SNPs in the above regions were characterised by strong linkage disequilibrium and were associated with multiple body size traits, indicating that these SNPs may serve as important genetic hotspots for the regulation of chicken body shape and structure. Candidate genes annotated in these core regions include NCAPG, KPNA3, LDB2, PPARGC1A, FNDC3A, SOST, RB1, STON2, and TARP; the functions of these genes are involved mainly in the regulation of cell proliferation, energy metabolism, bone development, and tissue growth. NCAPG was consistently associated with multiple traits at both developmental stages. Functional enrichment analysis further revealed that these candidate genes were significantly enriched in the phosphatidylinositol, GnRH, energy metabolism, skeletal development and protein biosynthesis signalling pathways. The genetic characteristics of Langya chicken body size traits during the growth stage at the genome-wide level and the underlying molecular mechanisms were systematically revealed in this study. The findings provide important candidate gene resources and a theoretical basis for the screening of molecular markers for body size traits and the genomic breeding of regional chicken breeds.

Candidate genes↗
PubMed1976

Studies on blood components of an air-breathing siluroid fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) in relation to body weight.

Different haematological parameters have been studied in relation to the body weight of Heteropneustes fossil (Bloch). The erythrocytes and leucocytes number and haemoglobin concentration increases from lower to higher weight groups. The heart weight also increases along with other blood components. With the unit increase in the body weight of this fish, the heart weight, erythrocytes, leucocytes and haemoglobin increase by a fractional power of 0.85700, 0.13480, 0.13215 and 0.22876, respectively. This shows that haemoglobin increases at a higher rate than erythrocyte number. The coefficient of correlation between body weight and erythrocyte (r = 0.70015), leucocytes (r = 0.95861), haemoglobin (r = 0.96615) and heart weight (0.97577) indicate high degree of correlation. The erythrocytes and leucocytes count and haemoglobin concentration per gram body weight is higher in younger fishes and decrease as the animal grows in size. The haematocrit values and mean corpucsular volumes decrease from lower to higher weight groups, whereas mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration increases with body weight. The erythrocyte cell surface has a decreasing trend from lower to higher weight group. Due to difference in the rate of decrease of greatest and least diameter of erythrocytes, the elliptical shape of R.B.C. which is common in younger animals, becomes circular in higher weight group. The non-granulocytes increase constantly while the percentage of granulocytes decreases from lower to higher weight groups. The lymphocytes constitute the main bulk of all the leucocytes. The total lymphocytes also increase with the body weight. Spindle cells and monocytes are relatively less in numbers. The percentage of eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils also decrease from lower to higher weight groups.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of septal damage and ovariectomy on feeding, drinking and body weight.

Septal destruction and ovariectomy each influenced food intake and body weight differentially. Animals sustaining septal damage ingested significantly more food than the other groups, and septal hyperphagia persisted for as long as 109 days. Ovarian hyperphagia did not occur under conditions of constant illumination. Septal destruction exerted essentially no effect on body weight, while ovariectomy substantially increased body weight. Sequential surgical manipulations provided further evidence that the ovaries and the septum influence food intake and body weight via independent mechanisms. Results indicated that the septal and ovarian effects on water intake are not mediated via independent mechanisms. Septal and ovarian hyperdipsia were found to be very robust effects occurring regardless of the lighting regimen. It was further demonstrated that ovarian hyperdipsia is not secondary to food intake but rather is primary hyperdipsia.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

A 12-week, double-blind, quasi-randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Coleus forskohlii (Forcslim) on body weight loss.

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity have emerged as a global epidemic, significantly impacting human health. Traditional usage and growing scientific evidence suggest that Coleus forskohlii extract (Forcslim) may aid in reducing excess body weight and fat. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Forcslim supplementation in overweight individuals. METHODS: A quasi-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 60 overweight subjects aged 20-70&#x2009;years over a period of 12&#x2009;weeks. The participants were assigned to receive either Forcslim or placebo. The key outcome measures included body weight, body mass index (BMI), body composition, and anthropometric parameters. Additionally, lipid profile parameters and safety markers (including metabolic, hepatic, and cardiovascular indicators) were assessed throughout the study duration. RESULTS: Compared to the placebo group, the Forcslim group showed significant reductions in waist circumference (-1.83&#x2009;cm; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01) and body weight (-1.93&#x2009;kg; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Significant improvements in anthropometric parameters were observed exclusively in the Forcslim group. Furthermore, triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly reduced (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01), while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels showed a significant increase (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.001). No clinically significant changes were observed in metabolic markers, liver and muscle enzyme levels, heart rate, blood pressure, or reported adverse effects, indicating a favorable safety profile. CONCLUSIONS: Forcslim demonstrated significant anti-obesity effects, including reductions in body weight, waist circumference, and improvements in the lipid profile. These findings suggest that C. forskohlii extract supplementation may serve as a safe and effective alternative to synthetic anti-obesity drugs.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve, length of the forearm and body weight as correlates of gestational age in the infant pigtail macaque.

The conduction velocity of peripheral nerves is an indication of their growth. Ulnar nerve conduction velocity, forearm length, postpartum age and weight were measured in 25 monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) to determine the best way to estimate gestational age. Correlation analysis showed that while conduction velocity is strongly correlated with gestational age (r = 0.68), both forearm length (r = 0.91) and weight (r = 0.94) are more strongly correlated. Of the three simple measurements made, weight provides the best estimate of gestational age.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1976

Relation of thyroid hormones to body-weight.

Serum-triiodothyronine is positively and significantly correlated with body-weight. It is increased by overeating and reduced after weight-loss. No correlation has been found between serum-thyroxine and body-weight or changes in body-weight.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1975

Blood oxygen affinity and alveolar ventilation in relation in body weight in mammals.

The validity of the concept relating blood oxygen affinity and alveolar ventilation to body weight in homeothermic mammals was reexamined with blood pH used as the fixed variable. Blood Po2 at 50% saturation at pH 7.4 (P50(7.4)) and PCO2 of oxygenated blood at pH 7.4 (PCO2(7.4)) from a variety of homeothermic mammals were determined at 37 degrees C by in vitro equilibration techniques. In some species, arterial PCO2, PO2, and pH were also measured. PCO2(7.4), which was similar to arterial PCO2, showed a correlation coefficient of +0.33 with body weight over the range of 28-100,000 g and +0.90 among the species under 200 g. P50(7.4) values, which ranged from 26.0 to 38.7 mmHg for all the species, were not well correlated (r = -0.43) with body weight. For the small mammals (less than 200 g) the correlation coefficient was -0.91. In vivo P50 at the body temperature and arterial pH, although different from P50(7.4), showed a similar correlation with body weight. The lack of valid generalization suggests that body weight is only one of the composite factors that influence O2 transport systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Rats defend different body weights depending on palatability and accessibility of their food.

Normal adult rats lived on powdered diets adulterated to contain as much as 1.6% quinine sulfate, on a palatable high-fat diet, or in Skinner boxes with 45-mg Noyes pellets available on fixed-ratio (FR) schedules as high as FR 156. They maintained lower body weights over periods of months in proportion to the percentage of quinine adulteration or the fixed ratio. Rats exposed to the high-fat diet overate as much and gained weight as rapidly as rats recovering from food deprivation, and became moderately obese. Rats having become lean or obese contingent on the palatability or accessibility of their diet defended body weight by eating more in the cold, less when force-fed by gavage, and more to restore weight after food deprivation. Yet on chow they restored and defended body weights typical of rats whose diet had been confined to commercially prepared chow. These results are interpreted to be inconsistent with motivational models that rigidly distinguish drive from incentive, that treat body weight changes as evidence for failure to regulate energy balance or body weight, or that rely exclusively on deprivation of food or reduction of body weight for definitions of need for calories. Instead, caloric homeostasis in rats may incorporate ecological constraints.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of ovariectomy and estradiol injections on food intake and body weight in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions.

Female rats with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) were ovariectomized during the static obese stage after body weight levels had stabilized. Following ovariectomy, rats with VMH lesions showed smaller increases in food intake and less body weight gain than non-lesioned controls ovariectomized at the same time. Subsequently, the effects of peripheral injections of estradiol benzoate (EB) on feeding and body weight were examined. Ovariectomized rats with VHM lesions were also less responsive to exogenous EB treatment; they lost significantly less weight in response to estrogen than controls. EB caused a somewhat smaller reduction in food intake by the VMH group but this difference was not significant. Considered together the available data on changes in responsiveness to endogenous and exogenous estrogen following VMH lesions suggest a role for VMH estrogen receptors in the regulation of body weight, but these estrogen receptors may not modulate weight by directly altering food intake as previously suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Significance of body weight in degenerative skeletal diseases (author's transl)].

An attempt was made to ascertain the influence of body weight on degenerative skeletal diseases in a group of 250 hospitalized patients suffering from gonarthrosis and/or lumbar syndrome. The current average body weight according to age, size and sex (Geigy Tables) were used as the standard. Patients with gonarthrosis were significantly overweight while patients with lumbar syndrome fell within the normal range. A prearthrosis or prearthritic deformity of the vertebral column or knee could be demonstrated in the majority of patients, particularly the younger ones. In most of the older patients, an age-induced reduction in the quality of cartilage and tissue of the intervertebral disk was already present. For the established casual significance of prearthroses, the only possible influence of body weight on the development of alterations is as a contributing factor, to functional strain. A statement cannot be made concerning the importance of this contributing factor for methodological reasons; an essential influence, however, is doubtful. Overweight alone does not tend to induce degenerative skeletal alterations under normal static and occupational conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of sodium intake on aldosterone and corticosterone production, the serum sodium concentration and body weight in infant rats during weaning period.

1. The effect of a low salt (LS, 0.3% NaC1) and control (HS, 1% NaC1) diet on in vitro aldosterone and corticosterone production, the serum corticosterone level, the serum sodium concentration and adrenal and body weight was studied in 30-day-old male rats, some of which were weaned prematurely at the age of 15 days (PW) and some left with the female up to the end of the experiment (NW). 2. Aldosterone production in the control (HS-NW) animals was 1.07+/-0.07 mug/100 mg adrenal/hour (mean +/-S.E.M.), in HS-PW animals 0.6+/-0.07 (P less than 0.01), while in LS-NW and LS-PW animals it rose to 1.59+/-0.1 and 1.81+/-0.14 respectively. The effect of the salt regimen was significant in both the NW group (P less than 0.01) and the PW group (P less than 0.01). Premature weaning did not inhibit aldosterone production in LS-PW animals. 3. Corticosterone production in animals fed on the control diet was 1.81+/-0.16 mug corticosterone/100 mg adrenal/hour in HS-NW rats and 0.91+/-0.09 in the HS-PW group (P less than 0.01). On the low salt diet it fell to 1.4+/-0.11 in LS-NW rats (HW-NW) vs LS-NW: P less than 0.01) and to 0.4+/-0.06 in LS-PW animals (HS-PW vs LS-PW: P less than 0.01). The difference between LS-NW and LS-PW was likewise statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Changes in production were not accompanied by parallel changes in the serum corticosterone level, where an analysis of variance showed no significant difference. 4. The low salt diet reduced the serum sodium concentration in both NW and PW animals (HS-NW 132.9+/-0.86 mEd HS-PW 132+/-0.86, LS-PW 128.5+/-1.16: P less than 0.01). The differences between NW and PW animals were not significant. 5. A low salt intake also reduced the body weight both of animals left with the female (HS-NW vs LS-NW: P less than 0.01) and of prematurely weaned animals (HS-PW vs LS-PW: P less than 0.01). Early weaning significantly affected body weight in LS animals only, the body weight of LS-PW animals being significantly lower than that of LS-NW animals (P less than 0.02). 6. The results show that infant rats are hypersensitive to a low salt intake at the end of the weaning period and that this phenomenon is not mediated by lower reactivity of the zona glomerulosa and of its regulation.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1977

Effects of angiotensin II on schedule dependent and induced behavior at recovered body weight.

The effects of 4 doses of angiotensin II, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously on schedule dependent lever pressing and schedule induced drinking and licking were studied in rats who had recovered body weight under ad lib eating conditions. Prior to this experiment rats had been maintained at 80% body weight and were tested under the usual conditions producing schedule induced drinking. Animals were then returned to the home cage and allowed to recover body weight. Results were analyzed for both the first 15 min of the 1 hr session and for the total 1 hr session. Data indicate that all four doses decreased lever pressing during the first 15 min and for the total 1 hr session. The three highest doses produced increased licking during the first 15 min. Only the highest dose augmented licking throughout the total 1 hr session. Water intakes were significantly increased by the three highest doses only during the first 15 min of the session. Peripheral effects of angiotensin II were discussed and a central pharmacological action on drinking was suggested.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2026

Genome-wide association study reveals candidate genes associated with body weight and wool traits in Ordos fine-wool sheep.

BACKGROUND: The Ordos fine-wool sheep is a high-quality fine-wool breed in China, renowned for its excellent wool quality, meat production, and adaptability to the arid and semi-arid regions of Inner Mongolia. Body weight and wool traits are important economic characteristics in sheep breeding. This study aimed to identify genetic loci associated with body weight (BW), wool length (WL), and wool fineness (WF) in Ordos fine-wool sheep. METHODS: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted in 388 Ordos fine-wool sheep genotyped using the GenoBaits&#xae; Ovine 40K SNP panel. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BW, WL, and WF were identified, and candidate genes located near the SNPs reaching the suggestive threshold were subjected to functional annotation and enrichment analysis. RESULTS: A total of 22 SNPs were identified as potentially associated with BW, WL, and WF traits, corresponding to 27 annotated genes. Functional annotation highlighted six potential candidate genes, including LAMA2, ARHGAP18, IGFBP2, IGFBP5, CA10, and AXIN1, which may play important roles in regulating body weight and wool growth in sheep. CONCLUSIONS: The identified genes provide valuable candidate loci for BW, WL, and WF traits in Ordos fine-wool sheep. The results of this study provide preliminary references for further exploration of the genetic mechanisms of wool traits in Ordos fine-wool sheep and the development of molecular breeding markers.

GWAS↗