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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Body constitution of growing inbred animals under hypo-, normo- and hyperkinetic conditions].

The work was carried out in inbred mice C57BL/6, CBA, CC57Br/M strains, interstrain hybrids of the first generation FF1 and in rats of August and Wistar strains. Only one-month-old male animals, which were kept for two months under the conditions of hypo-, normo- and hyperkinesia were used in the study. Statistically significant relation between underloading, overloading and habitus changes was demonstrated. It was stated that habitus changes under the conditions of hypo-, normo- and hyperkinesia were genetically determined. Hereditary predisposition of the reactionary norm and the phenomenon of heterosis manifest themselves under different motor regimens.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Heredity of osteochondrosis, body constitution and leg weakness in the pig. A correlative investigation using progeny testing.

Sixty-three boars of the Swedish Landrace and the Yorkshire breed were progeny tested. Production variables were correlated with frequency of osteochondrotic lesions at three sites, length of radius, and presence of leg weakness in 416 offspring. Osteochondrotic lesions in distal femur and humerus were found to be correlated with desirable production variables. No correlation existed between presence of osteochondrosis and leg weakness. Analysis of variance showed that breed and boar within breed influenced frequency and distribution of osteochondrosis. The pigs of the Yorkshire breed were less affected. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.14 to 0.30 for the osteochondrotic lesions at three sites. It should be noted that these figures are preliminary because of the limited number of offspring. It was concluded that a possibility exists to lower frequency of osteochondrosis in the pig with only some loss of valuable production qualities.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Constitution and body proportions in different strains of rats. A study of race formation in breeding isolates.

(1) There are considerable differences in body constitution in different strains of rats, ranging from very robust to very gracile forms. The differences are greater in the larger males than in the smaller females. (2)Craniofacial and postcranial proportions of the trunk in domesticated strains of rats differ either uniformly or mosaically from the wild form. (3)Nasal shape differs greatly in rats ranging from extreme leptorrhine to extreme platyrrhine forms, giving a total range greater than in human populations. (4)Fisher 344 rats have long tails and extremities and Buffalo and GRL short tails and extremities. (5)Wistar and ACI rats have longer tails than wild rats but do not differ significantly from wild rats in the relative length of their other extremities. (6)The relationship between tail and extremity length is under genetic control which is concordant in Fisher, Buffalo and GRL rats, but discordant in the Lewis, Wistar and ACI strains. (7)There is no connection between relative extremity length and total body constitution since short-limbed strains occupy both the highest (Buffalo) and lowest (GRL) levels o f robusticity, and strains that do not differ in relative extremity length from wild rats differ greatly from each other in constitutional type (Wistar and ACI). (8)Differences of relative extremity length and nasal shape in rats have their parallels in human populations. But in human populations they follow Allen's ecological "rule" and can be duplicated experimentally. In rats here used, however, they do not result from any known ecological pressures, but from the genetic factors acting in breeding isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Ergometric determination of cardiac output in 1500 Swiss children and adults of both sexes, aged 5 to 65 years. Relation to body constitution, sex, age and work capacity in the step test (Part 2)].

The stroke volume of the heart during exercise in upright position (steptest) was determined in 1500 Swiss children and adults of either sex, aged 5 to 65 years. The use of the simplified ergometric method (Strehler) allowed to carry out these determinations mainly in series and without any difficulty. Average absolute values are presented for each year during childhood and adolescence and for each decade in the period of adult life. The stroke volume is lower in the female than in the male group; this refers to absolute values as well as to values relative to body size. The absolute values are approximately proportional to body weight, to the cube of body height and to a standard volume calculated from body height and body weight. There is a typical age-depending course of the relationship between stroke volume and body size (standard volume), the development of the stroke volume showing a minimum before and a maximum during puberty. Provided work load in per cent of the maximal working capacity is the same the stroke volume of the heart during exercise in upright position remains unchanged until the age of about 55 to 60 years. The practical scope of the investigation was to collect data for the setting up of a new stroke volume standard.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Is the biomechanical principle of 'antagonistic compensation' valid also on the genetic level?

According to 'antagonistic compensation', appendicular bones rendered hypofunctional by surgical means, become shorter and more robust. In normal Buffalo rats, appendicular bones are short and very robust and in Fisher rats they are long and gracile. Total body constitution is robust in Buffalo rats and gracile in Fisher rats. In GRL rats, appendicular bones are short but body constitution is gracile and the robusticity of the appendicular bones is intermediate between Fischer and Buffalo rats. Thus, total body constitution and relative length of the appendicular bones determine their robusticity, shorter bones being more robust than longer bones. In other words, the relationship between bone length and robusticity is the same in experimentally produced antagonistic compensation and genetically determined normal condition of rats.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Complex analysis of the actual nutrition and nutritional conditions in the GDR].

In the GDR the nutritional balance is characterized by an excessive consumption of fats and also a slight deficiency of some mineral substances and vitamins. The consumption of food products, the calorific intake and that of nutrients depend upon the sociological structure of the society (workers, employees, collective farmers, pensioners) on the socio-economic factors (income, the household size, number of family members) and upon biological parameters. With greater expenditures on alimentation the actual nutritional pattern generally does not improve. In the GDR 20 per cent of males and 40 per cent women suffer from obesity. From among factors influencing the nutritional status subject to consideration are the sex, age, physical activity and body constitution. Model analyses carried out in GDR helped obtain some indications as to the alimentary habits in people with normal and excessive weight.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[Somatic parameters in patients with urinary calculi and their relationship to age, sex and kind of calculus].

In the present investigation in 515 carriers of nephroliths (311 males and 204 females) age, sex, type of constitution, body weight, physical load and blood pressure are set in relation to the various kinds of calculi. Here it was revealed that males more frequently fall ill with nephrolithiasis than females, that there exist certain age peaks, the pycnic typ of constitution preferredly appears in female carriers of calculi and the athletic type in male ones, the majority of all examined patients had in comparison to the normal an increased body weight, and a very large proportion of persons with only insignificant physical load is found among the carriers of calculi. The result of the relations of blood pressure was that only half of all patients with urolithiasis examined had a normotonic blood pressure.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Chromosome studies in ovarian hypoplasia.

Six phenotypic female patients characterized by an average stature, infantile body constitution, underdeveloped external and internal reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics and amenorrhoea are described. In each of them laparotomy and histological study disclosed ovarian hypoplasia. The karyotype was 46,XX in all patients except one. However, the metaphase analysis extending over a greater than usual number of cells revealed an autosomal ring (15) in 5 to 26% of cells. The patients also showed phenotype signs of D chromosome anomalies. The authors agree with the previously suggested autosomal gene effect in sex differentiation.

Adolescent↗