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PubMed2026

Genomic characteristics and tracing analysis of an acute gastroenteritis outbreak associated with rotavirus C in a boarding high school.

BACKGROUND: Rotaviruses are major pathogens of childhood acute gastroenteritis, dominated by rotavirus A (RVA). Outbreaks caused by human rotavirus C (RVC) are rarely reported, and relevant genomic data remain scarce. This genomic investigation of an RVC outbreak improves our understanding of viral diversity and transmission dynamics. METHODS: We performed epidemiological surveys, nucleic acid testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on specimens from a 2025 RVC-associated gastroenteritis outbreak at a Chinese boarding high school. Sequence alignment, phylogenetic and molecular tracing analyses were conducted to explore RVC evolution via point mutation, segment reassortment and genomic recombination. RESULTS: This typical point-source campus outbreak was linked to an indoor student gathering matching the incubation period of RVC. Thirteen RVC FX strains were recovered from 11 rectal swabs and two vomitus samples. Their viral protein (VP) 4 and VP7 sequences shared high homology with Russian reference strains, carrying distinct amino acid variations. No segment reassortment or recombination was detected in VP4/VP7 genes. CONCLUSIONS: Dense, closed campus settings facilitate RVC clustered transmission. Limitations included absent screening of asymptomatic canteen staff. Rapid nucleic acid testing enabled timely pathogen identification for outbreak control. Greater attention should be paid to the public health risk of RVC. These whole-genome sequencing data enrich resources for studying RVC evolution and vaccine development.

Acute gastroenteritis outbreak↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sero-epidemiological surveillance, a method of prevention of complications of streptococcal infections].

In order to find methods for the prevention and control of streptococcal infections of 711 day schoolchildren and boarders, aged 7 to 14 years, were followed up during the 1969-1973 period. The clinical and epidemiologic investigations revealed a great number of acute infections with varied clinical manifestations and high proportions of the acute articular rheumatism (3.1%) in the boarding schools as compared to the day schools (0.5%). The bacteriologic examinations confirmed and established the etiology of the cases, revealing moreover the role of carriers in maintaining and spreading the infection. The ASLO test showed persistent and high gammaglobulin titers in the children of the boarding schools, pointing to a state of hypersensitivity consequent to repeated streptococcal infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

An evaluation of the American Medical Association's Physician masterfile as a data source--one state's experience.

An evaluation of the American Medical Association's (AMA) Physician Masterfile is presented here on a state level. Both completeness and reliability of the AMA data were assessed for physicians licensed and living in Washington State. Comparison of the AMA data with state -LICENsure data indicated excellent agreement, with only a small proportion of license physicians "missing" from the AMA Masterfile. Their absence was due largely to differences in the manner in which the two systems updated their files. The reliability of the AMA data was checked by comparing it with similar, independently gathered survey data on birth date, birthplace, medical school, type of practice, specialty, board certifications, and employer. In general, despite some minor deficiencies, the AMA data were shown to be highly reliable.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed1979

Relationships among different stages of Piagetian tasks and spatial relations in adolescents.

High school students aged 15 through 19 years (N = 116) were administered three Piagetian type tasks (conservation of weight, paper and pencil tests of concrete-operational reasoning and formal-operational reasoning) and a measure of spatial relations (the Revised Minnesota Paper Form Board Test). While a path analysis showed there were logically expected relationships among the tasks, neither sex differences nor age differences were found on any of the measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Training in developmental pediatrics. How practitioners perceive the gap.

Ninety-seven randomly selected, board-certified pediatricians in five New England states were interviewed by two physicians to explore attitudes toward previous training and current sources of knowledge in developmental pediatrics. Formal training in development was rated as inadequate by 79%, of residency experience was viewed as highly valuable by only 30%, and 47% rated medical school as having no value. Although clinical experience was reported as a valuable source of knowledge by 99% of the sample, almost two thirds did not regard it as an adequate substitute for formal training. Frequent interdisciplinary communication was reported, and professional contacts were described as a highly valuable ongoing source of knowledge. Social class and size of practice did not correlate with differences in consultation patterns. A part-time longitudinal clinical experience for further education was preferred by 97%. Improved training with greater interdisciplinary content is needed.

Child↗
PubMed1979

[Motivation factors for smoking in adolescents].

The study reports on the motivations of tobacco consumption in various populations of youths in North-Switzerland. A questionnaire obtained from 1436 school-children in the Cantons of Zurich and St. Gall indicated that 9% of the boys and 3% of the girls have tried their first "curiosity-cigarette" before age 6. Among 400 female students of nursing there were 32% smokers, and one of four was smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day. In boarding schools the smoking habits varied according to pedagogic influences. Boys from farming families originating from East-Switzerland were smoking at a rate of 23% between ages 17-21. Girls of similar origin and age were smoking in 14% of the cases. Apprentices of the same age working in the metal industry of the city of Zurich were smoking in 55%, boys from High Schools in 30% of the cases. There were 17% of abstinents from alcohol among non-smokers as compared to 2% among smokers representing a significant difference. In High School-students from Berne there were 23% of smokers as compared to 3% of non-smokers with previous experience with hard drugs. The results of a Health Education Program conducted during three years as a longterm intervention demonstrated that tobacco consumption was significantly reduced in test groups as compared to controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Children can't fly: a program to prevent childhood morbidity and mortality from window falls.

"Children Can't Fly" is a health education program developed by the New York City Department of Health to combat the high incidence of child mortality and morbidity due to falls from windows. The success of the program, begun in 1972, in drastically reducing death and injury persuaded the New York City Board of Health to amend the Health Code in 1976 to require that landlords provide window guards in apartments where children ten years old and younger reside. The law is the first and only one of its kind in the nation. The program has four major components: 1) reporting of falls by hospital emergency rooms and police precincts, followed up by counseling, referral, and data collecting by public health nurses; 2) a media campaign to inform the public and elevate their awareness of the hazards; 3) community education for prevention through door-to-door hazard identification, counseling by outreach workers, community organization efforts with schools, tenant groups, clinics, churches, health care providers, etc; 4) provision of free, easily installed window guards to families with young children living in high-risk areas. Significant reduction in falls resulted, particularly in the Bronx, where reported falls declined 50 percent from 1973 to 1975. The program is one solution to an urgent urban problem which other cities might consider to avert the loss of life and limb, and the corollary financial burden for hospitalization, rehabilitation, and maintenance of the injured and permanently disabled.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1979

'Red'flu': a study of an epidemic in a girls' boarding school in February 1978.

All the girls at a boarding school who presented with symptoms of influenza were interviewed and examined. Their symptoms and signs were recorded and related to age, date of last menstrual period, and previous influenza immunization.The age of the girls had no influence on the incidence of disease, nor did the number of girls in each form. However, the attack rate among those not immunized was 61 per cent and those not immunized 71 per cent. There was a highly significant variation in the incidence of influenza in relation to the menstrual cycle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The food and nutrient intakes of the Tarahumara Indians of Mexico.

A nutritional survey of 372 semiacculturated Tarahumara Indians in the Sierra Madre Occidental Mountains of Mexico was carried out to determine the composition of their diet and its nutritional adequacy. Dietary histories from 174 adults and 198 children were obtained by interviews and field observations during 1973 and 1974. The histories for the children were calculated in part from the menus of six boarding church schools. Nutrient calculations of daily intake were based upon food composition tables and some actual analyses of Tarahumara foods. The protein intake was ample, at 87 g, and generously met the FAO/WHO recommendations for daily intake of essential amino acids. Fat contributed only 12% of total calories, its composition being 2% saturated and 5% polyunsaturated with a P/S ratio of 2. The mean dietary cholesterol intake was very low, less than 100 mg/day, and the plant sterol intake was high, over 400 mg/day. Carbohydrate comprised 75 to 80% of total calories, mostly from starch. Only 6% of total calories were derived from simple sugars. The crude fiber intake was high, 18 to 21 g/day. Salt consumption was moderately low, 5 to 8 g/day. The daily intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, thiamin niacin, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 exceeded or approximated the FAO/WHO recommendations. Thus, the simple diet of the Tarahumara Indians, composed primarily of beans and corn, provided a high intake of complex carbohydrate and was low in fat and cholesterol. Their diet was found to be generally of high nutritional quality and would, by all criteria, be considered antiatherogenic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Impact of a computerized placement service on practice location of recent graduates.

In 1972, the University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Dental Association, and the State Board of Dentistry implemented a program known as the Dental Information Service Center. An important component of this effort was a set of computerized programs aimed at facilitating placement of recent graduates of the University's dental school. Although use of the computerized program has grown substantially during the four-year study period, personal contacts remain the source of information most frequently responsible for initial placements; they accounted for 60% of such placements. The computerized referral program accounted for 27% of first placements for the class of 1976. The program has been influential in increasing student awareness of underserved areas. Overall career satisfaction was high among recent graduates, and their subjective evaluation of the program was generally positive.

Dentists↗