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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pleuropneumonia caused by Haemophilus parahaemolyticus. An attempt to control the disease at two progeny testing stations by serological blood testing followed by removal of the seropositive animals and their litter mates.

The complement fixation test was employed at two progeny testing stations in an attempt to avoid outbreaks of contagious pleuropneumonia, caused by Haemophilus parahaemolyticus. Pigs were isolated immediately after arrival at the testing stations and blood samples taken for serology. Test groups with seropositive animals were not admitted to the testing station. The sanitation scheme proved successful, in that acute outbreaks were avoided at both stations and the frequency of chronic pleuritis at slaughter fell from appr. 12 per cent to appr. 6 per cent (Station A) and from appr. 8 per cent to appr. 1 per cent (Station B). Accordingly, the complement fixation test may be of value in diagnosing subclinical infections and thus in the control of Haemophilus parahaemolyticus pleuropneumonia.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Liver metastases: diagnostic value of blood tests, scintiscanning, and laparoscopy (author's transl)].

In 90 patients with known extra-hepatic malignancy the liver was examined for metastases. The diagnostic value of clinical information, blood examinations, 99mTc scintiscan, and laparoscopy for the diagnosis of the liver metastases was evaluated. Clinical data (age, sex, time since onset of symptoms and localisation of primary tumor) are of no diagnostic value. The most reliable blood tests are alkaline phosphatase (AP) and GOT. The probability of liver metastastases rises with increasingly abnormal values of AP and GOT. However, the probability is not much greater in cases with highly abnormal values than in cases with only moderate elevation of AP and GOT. Diagnostic accuracy of AP is optimal by using a cutoff point of 76 U/l (sensitivity 79%, specificity 64%). Bilirubin, prothrombin time, haemoglobin and blood sedimentation rate are of very little value. Combinations of AP with these blood tests does not improve diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, it is not useful to determine more blood tests than AP alone. Informed reading of liver scans has a specificity of 75% and a sensitivity of 91%. Blind reading of scans has a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 95%. This diagnostic accuracy cannot be improved by additional blood tests. Laparscopy has a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 95%. Scanning and laparoscopy are complementary methods. When optimal diagnostic accuracy is required both methods should be used.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Feasibility of fecal occult-blood testing for detection of colorectal neoplasia: debits and credits.

A screening program for colorectal cancer and adenomas has been applied to 6,579 mostly asymptomatic men and women age 40 years and older utilizing fecal occult-blood testing followed by investigation of patients with positive slides by air-contrast barium enema and colonoscopy. A control population of 7,325 patients had sigmoidoscopy only and no occult-blood testing. Approximately 1% of the patients had positive slides; most patients had only one or two slides positive. Approximately 50% of patients with positive slides had significant neoplastic lesions, including 23 patients with large adenomas and 7 patients with cancers. Pathological staging of cancers was more favorable in the screened asymptomatic group as compared with the control group. Neoplastic lesions seen on sigmoidoscopy in screened patients who had negative fecal occult-blood tests included 2 cancers and 15 large adenomas. Reasons for false negativity include possible conversion of initially positive slides to negative. Screening for colorectal cancer and adenomas with fecal occult-blood testing appears to be feasible approach with good patient compliance, and manageable rate of positive slides productive of a high percentage of neoplastic lesions. The number of false-positives seems to be low. False negativity has been observed and will require further study.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

[A controlled study on the significance of occult blood test in the stool (author's transl)].

1000 patients of a proctological practice were all investigated by coloscopy and parallel to this by comparison of the two tests for occult blood in the stool (Haemoccult and hemo FEC). 5,6% were positive by the Haemoccult test, 5,2% to hemo FEC. There was no significant difference between the two systems. In the entire study 13 carcinomata and 39 benign polyps of 5 mm diameter and more were found, 8 patients with carcinoma had a positive hemo FEC test, 7 had a positive Haemoccult test, i.e. 38% of carcinoma patients were not detected by the hemo FEC test and 46% in the Haemoccult test. Even in patients with somewhat larger polyps, the test for occult blood in the stool was negative in 56%. It is pointed out with reference to two separate patients that in individual cases of even advanced carcinoma of the large intestine no blood can be detected in the stool.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2026

A multi-analyte cfDNA-based blood test for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Patients at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are recommended to undergo biannual abdominal ultrasound surveillance; however, ultrasound has low sensitivity for small HCC nodules and is associated with poor adherence. To address these limitations, the multianalyte HelioLiver Dx blood test was developed to aid in the detection of HCC in patients with cirrhosis who are at high risk for HCC. METHODS: The performance of the HelioLiver Dx test and ultrasound for the detection of HCC in adults with cirrhosis was evaluated in a cross-sectional, prospective, blinded, multicenter validation study. All participants provided blood specimens for the HelioLiver Dx test and underwent ultrasound. All participants also underwent multiphasic MRI, which served as the reference standard for determining HCC status. RESULTS: Of 1,268 evaluable participants, 46 (3.6%) were considered to have HCC as determined by MRI, with many (46%) having small HCC lesions ≤2 cm in diameter. The HelioLiver Dx test had a sensitivity of 47.8% (95% CI 32.9-63.1) for all HCC lesions and 28.6% (95% CI 11.3-52.2) for HCC lesions ≤2 cm. In contrast, ultrasound demonstrated a lower sensitivity of 28.3% (95% CI 16.0-43.5) for all HCC lesions and failed to detect any (0%; 95% CI 0.0-16.1) HCC lesions ≤2 cm. The specificity of HelioLiver Dx and ultrasound were 87.6% (95% CI 85.6-89.4) and 93.9% (95% CI 92.5-95.2), respectively. The HelioLiver Dx test met prespecified co-primary endpoints for superior sensitivity and non-inferior specificity compared to ultrasound. CONCLUSION: Compared with ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein, the HelioLiver Dx test identified more HCC lesions overall, including more small lesions. A convenient and accurate blood-based test may improve HCC surveillance by facilitating earlier detection and reducing patient barriers to testing. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03694600 IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: There is a significant, unmet clinical need for more sensitive and accessible methods for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk patient populations. The current study is the first blinded, multicenter, prospective study to evaluate the performance of a multianalyte blood test compared to abdominal ultrasound for the detection of HCC among patients with cirrhosis. The multianalyte HelioLiver Dx test met prespecified co-primary endpoints for superior sensitivity and non-inferior specificity compared to ultrasound for detection of HCC lesions. The availability of a more accessible, convenient and sensitive blood test to aid in the detection of HCC may improve utilization and consequently clinical outcomes for high-risk patients via reduction of care barriers and improved early HCC detection. CLINICALTRIALS: gov identifier: NCT03694600.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

A new occult blood test not subject to false-negative results from reducing substances.

A new stool occult blood test is described with improved sensitivity (more true positives) and specificity (fewer false negatives; more true negatives) than other clinically available procedures. The procedure chemically separates heme from globin and extracts heme into ethyl acetate, where a colorimetric reaction gives semiquantitative estimation of hemoglobin. The test is based on the retention of heme pseudoperoxidase activity in the ethyl acetate. Specifically, peroxide is degraded by heme to superoxide radicals which oxidize a chromophore to a colored compound. Various diamino and other chromogens are evaluated, and a new reagent, the noncarcinogenic diamino compound TMB is recommended for routine use. False positives may account for two thirds of all positives in routine screening. In addition, special diets and time delays due to dietary restrictions are avoided in this test. The test is also inexpensive and easy to perform. A technologist can perform 30 or more tests per hour.

Dietary Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

D-xylose blood test (ninety-minute) in assymptomatic children from marginal areas of São Paulo City.

Assymptomatic children from marginal socio-economical area of São Paulo city, classified as "normal" according to the growth parameters for Brazilian children, were submitted to an oral D-Xylose test and the blood pentose values were checked in fasting time and ninety minutes after sugar ingestion. Based on body weight, the children were divided in three groups. The homogeneity of the three groups' results, as confirmed by statistics, permitted the aggregation of the values in a single one. The lower degree of dispersion suggested a narrow range of intestinal absorption capacity when compared with the value of normal children from well-developed countries. The lower critical normal limit of blood D-Xylose value, around 20 mg/100 ml. coincided with the same parameter for children from matured countries. These facts suggest an adaptation to the difficult environment conditions, that probably is a characteristic among children living in the marginal areas of great cities in developing countries.

Body Weight↗
PubMed2026

Multi-Target HCC Blood Test Demonstrates Consistent Performance Across Subgroups of Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.

BACKGROUND: Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical for improving patient outcomes; however, ultrasound-based surveillance has limited sensitivity and variable performance across patient populations. We evaluated the performance of a multitarget HCC blood test (mt-HBT), incorporating methylated DNA markers, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and patient sex, across clinically relevant subgroups. METHODS: We performed a subgroup analysis of a multicenter, prospective case-control study that included 159 patients with early-stage HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage 0/A) and 649 control patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B without HCC. The mt-HBT combined methylated HOXA1, TSPYL5, and B3GALT6 markers with AFP and sex. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated overall and according to age, sex, obesity, liver disease etiology, Child Pugh class, and tumor size. Performance was compared with AFP and GALAD. RESULTS: Overall sensitivity and specificity of mt-HBT for early-stage HCC detection were 76.7% (95% CI, 69.6-82.6) and 87.5% (95% CI, 84.8-89.8), respectively. Sensitivity was significantly higher than that of AFP (35.2%, p < 0.001) and comparable to that of GALAD (78.6%, p = 0.56), whereas specificity was lower than that of AFP (98.5%, p < 0.001) but higher than that of GALAD (76.9%, p < 0.001). Sensitivity was maintained across key subgroups, including patients with obesity (68.9%), Child Pugh B cirrhosis (75.0%), hepatitis C (80.0%), hepatitis B (72.2%), alcohol-associated liver disease (80.5%), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic disease (69.0%) (all p > 0.05 between subgroups). Specificity exceeded 80% in all examined populations and was significantly higher in women than in men (92.5% vs. 83.9%, p < 0.001). Sensitivity increased with tumor size, ranging from 60.0% for tumors < 2 cm to 100% for tumors > 5 cm. CONCLUSIONS: The mt-HBT demonstrated robust, consistent performance for early-stage HCC detection across diverse patient populations, including subgroups in which ultrasound surveillance commonly underperforms. These findings support the prospective validation of mt-HBT as a blood-based surveillance strategy for HCC.

liver cancer↗
PubMed1977

Familial hypo-beta-lipoproteinemia: a family detected by cord blood tests.

A family with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) deficiency was detected during the course of screening cord blood samples. The initial diagnosis in the proband was based on the cord blood LDL cholesterol and lipoprotein electrophoretic pattern, and was confirmed by repeated studies at the age of 8 months. The infant had none of the clinical abnormalities previously ascribed to the condition. Further investigation did not disclose any other significant biochemical or histological abnormalities. Hypo-beta-lipoproteinemia was found to exist in the proband's mother and only sibling. Hence the diagnosis of familial hypo-beta-lipoproteinemia is possible by unselected cord blood LDL cholesterol measurement and lipoprotein electrophoresis in conjunction with kindred studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Translation of scRNA-seq to a clinical blood test for infection diagnostics.

INTRODUCTION: Early and accurate triage of patients with febrile illness is crucial for appropriate treatment. While standard inflammatory biomarkers are often nonspecific, transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood has diagnostic potential. However, bulk gene expression data is often confounded by changes in cell count proportions, a more robust quantification of gene expression in specific single-cell types, such as monocytes, is required to serve as a reliable clinical biomarker. AREAS COVERED: Various methods to obtain single-cell-type gene expression results, including the gold standard of gene expression analysis after cell sorting and single-cell RNA sequencing, which are difficult to implement in the routine settings are discussed. Other method to interrogate gene expression of a single cell-type is needed. Finally, monocyte cell-type specific ratio-based biomarker (RBB, called Direct Leukocyte Single cell-type Transcript Abundance, or DIRECT LS-TA) which can estimate single cell-type (monocyte) specific gene expression without cell sorting is introduced. EXPERT OPINION: Traditional diagnostic test for differentiating infection has several limitations requiring breakthrough including turn-around time and cost. DIRECT LS-TA provides a reliable way to quantify monocyte-specific gene expression that strongly correlates with gold-standard methods. It is more affordable than single-cell RNA sequencing and can be readily implemented in clinical laboratories using widely available quantitative PCR or digital PCR machines.

Humans↗