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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Problems in determing A2B group specific properties in blood stains.

Blood stains belonging to various sub-group A combinations were examined by the absorption-elution method (in comparison with Holzer method and mixed agglutination). No difficulties were encountered in the identification of A1, A2, and A1B blood stains, while identification of A antigen in A2B stains was dubious (always negative with the others methods). This seems to be due to low anti-sera titer in relation to A antigen in this subgroup combination.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of blood groups and isoenzymic phenotypes from blood stains, heart blood and nervous tissues after transfusion.

A man aged 42 years died from a hemorrhage resulting from stab wounds in his neck, chest and abdomen. The MN blood group and PGM1 phenotype of the victim's heart blood were inconsistent with those of the blood stains around the victim. The victim was transfused with 4000 ml of blood during the 9 hours before his death. Because PGM1 phenotypes obtained from blood stains at the scene of the crime and from the weapon corresponded with those from the victim's dental pulp, peripheral nerve and bone marrow, the victim's blood groups and isoenzymic phenotypes could be determined accurately.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[The detection of HIV antibodies in blood stains].

Blood samples were collected on cotton wool and stored at +20 degrees C. These samples were tested in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the immunoblotting test. HIV-antibodies could be detected in samples stored up to four month.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Corneal blood staining following autologous blood injection for hypotony maculopathy.

Hypotony is a common complication following trabeculectomy in which antimetabolites are used. Autologous blood injection is an accepted form of treatment for hypotony that occurs secondary to overfiltration; however, injection into the filtering bleb has been associated with a rise in intraocular pressure for some patients with chronic postoperative hypotony. The authors describe a patient in whom corneal blood staining with raised intraocular pressure and loss of vision occurred as a result of autologous blood injection.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

Fluorescence of blood-stained cornea.

Corneal blood staining represents deposition of hemoglobin and its breakdown products within the cornea. Pathologic examination of these corneas typically reveals degenerating endothelial cells and keratocytes. These degenerative changes have typically been attributed to the blunt trauma itself or to toxicity of the erythrocytic debris (a "localized hemosiderosis"). Another possible mechanism for this injury, however, is porphyrin-induced photosensitivity. Examination of frozen sections of an acutely blood-stained human cornea demonstrated fluorescence within all layers of the cornea, similar to that seen with hematoporphyrin derivative. The production of cytotoxic oxygen species within the blood-stained cornea exposed to light may contribute to endothelial and keratocyte degeneration. Limiting light exposure of blood-stained corneas or eyes with hyphemas might theoretically reduce light-induced and porphyrin-mediated toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A sequence of tests of minute human blood stains for human origin identification and ABO blood grouping.

A series of examinations is presented for human origin identification and ABO blood grouping of doubtful minute human blood stains. A blood-stained thread (0.5 cm in length) was first tested to identify human origin by microprecipitation method and then the ABO blood type was determined by both a modified absorption-elution test and a modified mixed agglutination. In the continuous tests, the maximum limits of positive reactions of the microprecipitation method, the modified absorption-elution test, and the modified mixed agglutination were 1:640, 1:160, and 1:2,560 diluted blood, respectively. A and B agglutinogens were more sensitively determined than H agglutinogen. Hemagglutinogens of blood stains on cotton threads were more easily detected than those of polyester ones.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blood grouping in mixed blood stains and excretions].

Blood grouping in mixed blood stains and excretions can often be a problem. It is related with the fact that, when blood and excretions of persons having different groups get mixed, the determinants of blood antigens of one person interact with the active centers of excretions' antibodies of another one and vice versa. The authors suggest a method to do away with the phenomenon.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Specimen preparation for ABO determination of various kinds of blood stains].

Trying to optimize the preparation of blood stains, we found methanol fixation not to produce very good results for the determination of ABO blood group antigens. It is advantageous to transfer blood stains before testing to cotton cloth. This transfer is also of practical use if blood stains are to be saved on a smooth surface for lateral determination. We testet on 35 different carrier materials, on which blood stains in casework often were found, whether blood grouping gave better results on either the original material or after transfer. Results are shown on a table. The test revealed, that solubility of the stain in aqua dest is a good sign for a successful transfer. Blood stains on pine-wood soil, soil and loam were not suited for ABO grouping.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1989

[Evidence of pregnancy in blood stains].

Evidence of pregnancy in blood traces is important for proving murder of the newborn child by the mother or illegal abortion. By immunoprecipitation in a semi-solid medium (by double radial immunodiffusion, counter-current immunoelectrophoresis), using antiserum of their own production, the authors proved in blood traces a specific gestational product--SP1 (Schwangerschaftspezifisches beta-1-Glykoprotein, PS-beta-G, TSG, PAPP-C). The authors examined a total of 172 blood traces on cloth from pregnancies of different stages (37 from the first trimester, 34 from the beginning of the second half of pregnancies and 101 at term) as extracts from the blood stain or particles of the blood stains on a slide. The reliability was 91--95%. Hitherto used methods were based on detection of choriogonadotropic hormone. Detection of SP1 can be considered reliable evidence of pregnancy. It was possible to detect it in blood traces starting with the fourth month of pregnancy.

Blood Stains↗
PubMed1989

Determination of MN blood group from blood stains by electrophoresis and immunoblotting.

The determination of blood groups from blood stains is extremely important in medicolegal practice, but there is the possibility of an error in the determination of MN phenotypes by the absorption-elution test. We investigated a new method applying electrophoresis and immunoblotting. As a consequence of various experiments, the most appropriate pretreatment of blood stains was as follows. Blood stains were immersed in physiological saline for 0.5 to 1 h and centrifuged. The supernatant was discarded. The sediment was dissolved in sample buffer (TRIS-buffered physiological saline containing 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate) and followed by thermodegradation. It was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). After transfer to a nitrocellulose membrane by Western blotting, MN phenotypes could be determined accurately from blood stains by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using commercially available polyclonal anti-M and anti-N sera. For blood stains more than 1 month old it was not easy to determine the MN phenotypes.

Blood Grouping and Crossmatching↗