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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Physical forces in blister formation. II. Examination of total osmolality in blister fluid of suction blisters, "naturally" developed blisters and in serum (author's transl)].

Total osmotic pressure does not differ significantly in suction blister fluid or in serum of healthy persons from blister fluid, suction blister fluid or serum of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, bullous contact dermatitis and pemphigus vulgaris. The average values reach about 293 mOsmol/kg. This results from direct measurement of total osmolality with an electronic semimicroosmometer based on the principle of freezing point reduction. In opposite to colloid osmotic pressure the total osmotic pressure does not take part in blister formation of human skin in spite of the different concentrations of the single electrolytes in the fluids of various blisters.

Blister↗
PubMed1978

[Physical bases of blister formation. II. A study of the total osmotic pressure in the blister fluid of suction blisters and of "naturally" occurring blisters as well as in the serum].

Total osmotic pressure does not differ significantly in suction blister fluid or in serum of healthy persons from blister fluid, suction blister fluid or serum of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, bullous contact dermatitis and pemphigus vulgaris. The average values reach about 293 mOsmol/kg. This results from direct measurement of total osmolality with an electronic semimicroosmometer based on the principle of freezing point reduction. In opposite to colloid osmotic pressure the total osmotic pressure does not take part in blister formation of human skin in spite of the different concentrations of the single electrolytes in the fluids of various blisters.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed1977

[Physical forces in blister formation. I. Direct measurement of blister fluid colloid osmotic pressure in suction blisters and in bullous diseases (author's transl)].

The physical forces operative in the fluid migration from the interstitial spaces into the blister cleft have not been directly measured until now. The colloid osmotic pressure was determined in suction blister fluid after mild suction blister production by a modified "Dermovac" and in blister fluid of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, bullous allergic contact dermatitis and pemphrigus vulgaris and in the sera of healthy persons. The colloid osmotic pressure was measured by means of a recently developed osmometer with a semipermeable membrane between two chambers, one of them filled with Ringer solution, the other with the blister fluid sample. The negative pressure in the first chamber was determined. The colloid osmotic pressure of suction blister fluid averages approximately 7 cm H2O, the values reach about 20 cm H2O in bullous diseases and about 38 cm H2O in the normal sera. The blister fluid colloid osmotic pressure has to rise to about 15 cm H2O or more to cause the fluid transport from the interstitial spaces of the surrounding tissue into the blister because of the negative interstitial fluid pressure and the colloid osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid. Otherwise the blister fluid is reabsorbed back into the interstitial spaces.

Blister↗
PubMed1975

[The chemotactic effect of blister roof, blister fluid and blister floor on polymorphonuclear leucocytes in dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring (author's transl)].

The chemotactic response of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to the blister roof, the blister fluid and the floor of the bulla, the underlying papillary dermis with the basement membrnae, were studied by a modified Boyden-assay in four patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. In the same way experimental suction blisters of the peri-lesional skin were investigated. The blister roofs showed no chemotactic activity contrary to the blister fluid and especially the underlying papillary dermis which attracted polymorphonuclear leucocytes in a high degree.

Blister↗
PubMed1978

Physical forces in blister formation. The role of colloid osmotic pressure and of total osmolality in fluid migration into the rising blister.

The physical forces operative in the fluid migration from the interstitial spaces into the blister cleft have not been directly measured until now. The colloid osmotic pressure and the total osmolality were determined in suction blister fluid after mild suction blister production by a modified "Dermovac" and in blister fluid of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, bullous allergic contact dermatitis and pemphigus vulgaris and in the sera of healthy persons. The colloid osmotic pressure was measured by means of a recently developed osmometer with a semipermeable membrane between 2 chambers, one of them filled with Ringer solution, the other with the blister fluid or serum sample. The negative pressure in the first chamber was determined. The colloid osmotic pressure of suction blister fluid averages approximately 7 cm H2O, the values reach about 20 cm H2O in bullous diseases and about 38 cm H2O in the normal sera. The blister fluid colloid osmotic pressure has to rise to about 15 cm H2O or more to cause the fluid transport from the interstitial spaces of the surrounding tissue into the blister because of the negative interstitial fluid pressure and the colloid osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid. Otherwise the blister fluid is reabsorbed back into the interstitial spaces. The total osmolality does not differ in the serum and in the blister fluid. It does not seem to be etiologically connected with the fluid transport into the rising blister.

Blister↗
PubMed1985

Origin and properties of the blister formation factor in blister fluids from recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

The origin and properties of the blister formation factor in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) blister fluids were investigated. Organ cultures of normal human skin incubated with RDEB dermis extract or with RDEB fibroblast culture medium (FCM) produced a clear subepidermal blister with histology similar to that of a RDEB blister in vivo. The injection of RDEB dermis extract into guinea-pig skin also induced dermal-epidermal separation with similar histology to the skin lesions of RDEB patients. The blister forming activity of RDEB FCM which induces the subepidermal blister was inactivated by heat (60 degrees C for 30 min), trypsin digestion and by treating with EDTA, EGTA, alpha 2-macroglobulin, diisopropyl fluorophosphate and N-ethylmaleimide, but was not affected by dialysis. These results suggest that the RDEB fibroblast produces a blister formation factor(s), and that blister formation may be caused by a combination of a metallo-protease, serine protease and SH protease.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The autoimmune blistering skin disease bullous pemphigoid. The presence of plasmin/alpha 2-antiplasmin complexes in skin blister fluid indicates plasmin generation in lesional skin.

Plasminogen activators produced locally in the skin have been implicated in blistering skin diseases. To explore whether plasminogen activators convert their substrate plasminogen into plasmin locally in the lesional skin we have analyzed the autoimmune blistering skin disease bullous pemphigoid. Enzyme activity was detected in bullous pemphigoid skin blister fluid by using a low molecular weight chromogenic substrate for plasmin. Enzyme activity was detected neither in suction blister fluid raised on normal skin nor in normal plasma. Immunoprecipitation or fractionation by molecular sieve chromatography of bullous pemphigoid skin blister fluid followed by testing in immunoassays disclosed putative plasmin/alpha 2-macroglobulin complexes and plasmin/alpha 2-antiplasmin complexes. Enzyme activity detected in bullous pemphigoid skin blister fluid by the low molecular weight chromogenic peptide assay was ascribed to the putative plasmin pha 2-macroglobulin complexes. Because formation of plasmin-inhibitor complexes requires the active plasmin, our findings indicate previous activation of plasminogen to plasmin in skin lesions. There was no evidence for free plasmin (i.e., plasmin not complexed to inhibitors) in bullous pemphigoid blister fluid, suction blister fluid, or plasma.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Blister fluid for the diagnosis of subepidermal immunobullous diseases: a comparative study of basement membrane zone autoantibodies detected in blister fluid and serum.

The subepidermal immunobullous diseases bullous pemphigoid (BP), cicatricial pemphigoid (CP), pemphigoid gestationis (PG) and linear IgA disease (LAD) are characterized by circulating and in vivo deposition of antibodies to antigens in the cutaneous basement membrane zone (BMZ). Indirect immunofluorescence (IMF) of serum is a routine diagnostic test to detect circulating BMZ antibodies in these diseases. We have compared the titres of IgG and IgA and their subclasses, also of IgM and IgE BMZ antibodies in serum and aspirated blister fluid in 35 adult patients with subepidermal immunobullous diseases: BP (n = 30), PG (n = 2), CP (n = 1), and LAD (n = 2), by indirect IMF on intact and salt-split skin. The antibody titre in blister fluid was the same or one dilution less than serum in most cases and there was no significant difference between these results (P > 0.05). IgG1 and IgG4 were the predominant subclasses in both blister fluid and serum in BP. Indirect IMF of serum and blister fluid was also carried out on trypsinized epidermal cells in a subgroup of patients with BP (n = 19). Typical polar fluorescence was obtained in all 14 cases which had positive indirect IMF on intact and split skin. Our findings demonstrate that blister fluid can be used as an alternative to serum for indirect IMF in subepidermal immunobullous diseases. This avoids the need for venesection and has a practical application in children and those with poor venous access.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Prostaglandin E2 in blister fluid of bullous diseases and experimental suction blisters.

Prostaglandin(PG)-like activity in the fluid of spontaneous and suction blisters was measured by bioassay on isolated guinea-pig colon after acidic lipid extraction. The fluid from spontaneous blisters in 15 patients with various bullous dermatoses, such as pemphigoid, porphyria cutanea tarda, erythema multiforme, contact dermatitis, X-ray dermatitis, all contained measurable amounts of activity, varying from 0.4 to 54 ng/ml, expressed as PGE2-activity. From 4 patients with pemphigoid, samples of fluid were collected, adequate to permit of analysis regarding the identity of the spasmogenic material. In silicic acid column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and in reversed phase partition chromatography, the major part of the biological activity co-chromatographed with 3H-PGE2. In one patient part of the activity coincided with PGF2alpha. The PG-like activity of experimental suction blisters was found to be significantly higher in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis than in control and psoriasis patients. The appearance of PGs in blister fluid is compatible with a role as chemical mediator involved in blister formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A subepidermal blistering disease with histopathological features of dermatitis herpetiformis and immunofluorescence characteristics of bullous pemphigoid: a novel subepidermal blistering disease or a variant of bullous pemphigoid?

A 64-year-old man presented with a bullous eruption which clinically and histopathologically resembled dermatitis herpetiformis. However, direct immunofluorescence analysis showed IgG deposits at the basement membrane zone, indicating a relationship with bullous pemphigoid or epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Indirect immunofluorescence studies on salt-split skin showed binding of IgG mainly on the dermal side of the blister. Immunoblot analysis revealed a novel 200 kDa dermal antigen that could be associated with a major pathogen in this blistering disease. The histopathological similarity to dermatitis herpetiformis and the immunofluorescence findings indicating bullous pemphigoid or epidermolysis bullosa acquisita seem typical of a distinct subepidermal blistering disease characterized by this 200 kDa antigen. However, the pathogenetic role of autoantibodies against this antigen should be further elucidated before confirming whether this case represents a novel subepidermal blistering disease or a special variant of bullous pemphigoid.

Autoantigens↗
PubMed1984

Production of blister in normal human skin in vitro by blister fluids from epidermolysis bullosa.

Pathogenic mechanisms involved in the blister formation of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) are not clearly understood at present. In this paper, we attempted to produce experimental blistering in vitro similar to the histologic picture of EB simplex (EBS) and recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB). It was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy that the medium containing fresh blister fluids from the patients with EBS or RDEB could produce similar histologic features in normal human skin (in vitro) to those of the skin lesions of patients (in vivo). This observation may open new avenues of approach to studying these diseases.

Blister↗
PubMed1990

Interleukin-1 levels in blister fluids of some skin diseases with blister formation.

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) concentrations in 32 blister fluid samples from 26 patients with several bullous dermatoses were determined using a radioimmunoassay technique in order to investigate the relation between IL-1 levels and blister formation. In epidermolysis bullosa, cases with the recessive dystrophic type showed normal levels, but about half of the cases of the simplex type demonstrated high levels. In autoimmune bullous diseases a tendency to higher levels was observed, and especially a patient with herpes gestationis had remarkably high levels. The high IL-1 levels in 25% (3/12) of samples from burn patients are probably related to the severity of inflammation and the duration after bulla formation. Since the IL-1 levels showed no great change in time courses of days, observations in the shorter term, i.e. in the course of hours, will be more useful.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Plasma, cantharides blister fluid, and suction blister fluid levels of ceftizoxime after single intramuscular application for gonorrhea.

Following a single intramuscular application of 1 g ceftizoxime, levels of the drug were determined in plasma as well as in suction blister fluid (SBF) and cantharides blister fluid (CBF). This regimen invariably led to both high and long-lasting plasma levels: 81 +/- 16 min post dose maximum plasma levels of 17.5 +/- 3.1 micrograms/ml were reached; 6 h post dose levels of 4.6 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml were still found, i.e., 4375 and 1150 times, respectively, the MIC90% of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The high plasma levels were parallelled by high concentrations in SBF, with peaks amounting to 8.4 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml. Peak concentrations in CBF ranged from 8.1 to 15.7 micrograms/ml. Thus, the pharmacokinetic behavior of ceftizoxime given as a single intramuscular injection of 1 g explained the excellent clinical results of this regimen in uncomplicated gonorrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Pear blister canker viroid: sequence variability and causal role in pear blister canker disease.

The sequences of several cDNA clones of pear blister canker viroid (PBCVd) P1914T and P47A isolates have been determined. Seven out of eight P1914T clones analysed have a constant sequence which differs at six positions from that of the P2098T isolate reported previously. The remaining P1914T clone (8) has a single nucleotide substitution. The same six changes have been also observed in most of the ten P47A clones sequenced. However, some P47A clones show additional variability in positions on both strands of the central conserved region (CCR) and in another conserved sequence at the left-terminal region. This is the first report of a change affecting the upper strand of a viroid CCR. Reasons why such a change is tolerated are discussed. Infectivity bioassays have demonstrated that PBCVd is the causal agent of PBC disease.

Base Sequence↗