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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Repetitive visual stimulation: a neuropsychological approach to the treatment of cortical blindness.

Cortical visual disturbances can occur after traumatic or ischemic brain lesion. Patients mostly suffer from hemianopia. Different treatment approaches in patients with hemianopia are being debated with respect to their effectiveness. For more severely disabled patients with cortical blindness or residual rudimentary vision (RRV) no systematic therapeutic approaches have been reported. In a case study the positive effects of a recently developed repetitive photic stimulation therapy in a patient with RRV after a bioccipital ischemic infarction are presented. The application of this new therapy over several months, supported by treatment with amphetamines led to a statistically significant improvement of different visual functions and a reoccurrence of visual abilities important in daily life. The pathophysiological basis and possible neurorehabilitative consequences that arise from these results are discussed with respect to similar findings in animal experiments.

Blindness, Cortical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of postpartum cortical blindness.

Cortical blindness is an unusual feature of the toxemia of pregnancy syndrome. We present the CT and magnetic resonance (MR) findings in two women who developed postpartum blindness as a manifestation of this condition. Though both CT and MR display reversible edematous changes in the occipital lobes, follow-up MR documents areas of hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic infarction where the corresponding CT images are normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Interferon-related cortical blindness.

The term cortical blindness indicates loss of sight due to bilateral lesions in the occipital lobes. It is a rare but severe side effect produced by chemotherapeutic agents. Cortical blindness was diagnosed in a 75-year-old man who had been treated with alpha-interferon for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. The absence of focal neurological signs and of abnormal findings as determined by two repeated computed tomography (CT) scans of the brain, which excluded structural damage to the occipital lobes, suggest that metabolic or toxic reactions may have caused the cortical blindness diagnosed in our patient. The temporal relationship between the treatment with alpha-interferon and the development of cortical blindness indicates that this substance may have been the causative agent for this phenomenon.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Posttraumatic cortical blindness: are we missing the diagnosis in children?

A potential etiology of anxiety and agitation in the posthead trauma patient is cortical blindness. Cortical blindness can be seen after both mild and severe head trauma. Early recognition and understanding of this syndrome can lead to a decreased anxiety level, not only for the patient, but for the parents as well. Two cases of posttraumatic cortical blindness are presented. The signs and symptoms of cortical blindness, its presentation, diagnosis, and outcome are discussed. The available literature is reviewed and discussed.

Blindness↗
PubMed2000

[Cortical blindness following coronary angiography].

Cortical blindness has been occasionally reported as a complication after cerebral angiography, but is rare after coronary angiography. The contrast agent is believed to be responsible for the sudden development of blindness. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, it appears that the contrast agent disrupts the blood brain barrier, mostly in the occipital areas. We report a 77-year-old man who suddenly developed transient, bilateral cortical blindness 4 hours after coronary angiography. Using contrast enhancement, the CT scan showed typical, symmetrical involvement of both occipital lobes. There were no other neurological deficits. Vision and CT findings returned to normal within 48 hours.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Cortical blindness after subclavian arteriography.

Transient cortical blindness is a rare complication of angiographic contrast use. A 64-year-old man experienced transient cortical blindness after subclavian arteriography for an occluded axillofemoral graft. The literature on transient cortical blindness is reviewed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1999

Acute onset of blindness during labor: report of a case of transient cortical blindness in association with HELLP syndrome.

The coincidence of HELLP syndrome and cortical blindness is an uncommon but very dramatic event, for the patient as well as the obstetrician. This report describes the first case of HELLP-syndrome-associated cortical blindness occuring suddenly in the third stage of labour. There were only modest correlates of cortical blindness in cerebral CT, MRI and angiography findings, but no signs of a posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome. Mother and baby were discharged from hospital to outpatient care in good health on the 12th day.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Transient cortical blindness following cerebral angiography.

Transient cortical blindness following cerebral angiography was previously assumed to result from embolism or other factors impairing cortical perfusion during angiography. Contrast medium-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier and a direct neurotoxic effect by contrast media have been proposed as a potential mechanism of neurotoxicity. Support of this concept has been provided by reports that demonstrate blood-brain barrier damage with postangiography computerized tomography in patients experiencing various acute neurologic sequelae of cerebral angiography including one case of transient cortical blindness. We report a case of transient cortical blindness following cerebral angiography in which computerized tomography documents blood-brain barrier disruption limited to the occipital lobes.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ictal cortical blindness with permanent visual loss.

Cortical blindness is rarely an ictal manifestation. We report the case of a man who developed transient cortical blindness followed by permanent visual deficits during repeated partial seizures. Intermittent visual impairment began at age 14 years. After he had the first generalized seizure at age 28 years, neurologic, ophthalmologic, angiographic, and brain computed tomographic (CT) examinations were normal. Several EEGs showed almost continuous biposterior spike-waves. Over the next several years, frequent partial seizures were associated with transient visual loss and left body twitching or paresthesias. When he was 32, transient blindness occurred during several days of repeated occipital seizures. Permanent left homonymous hemianopia, right homonymous central scotoma, dyschromatopsia, and altered stereopsis followed these seizures. Brain CT demonstrated a new right occipital lesion. Partial seizures arising posteriorly may cause transient cortical blindness and result in permanent visual deficits.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Post-traumatic transient cortical blindness].

BACKGROUND: Transient cortical blindness is a rare complication of mild head trauma in children. This spectacular manifestation always has a benign outcome. CASE REPORT: A five-year-old girl was admitted for bilateral blindness immediately following a fall with frontal head injury. Neurological examinations and ophthalmological investigations showed no abnormalities. The electroencephalogram showed slow waves in the left occipital area. The blindness resolved completely within 3 hours. CONCLUSION: This bilateral blindness was similar to that of the 40 cases reported since 1964, including a rapid and benign outcome. Its mechanism is not clear, although some suggest a cerebral vasospasm. Our patient's mother has a history of migraine.

Blindness↗
PubMed2000

An unusual case of cortical blindness associated with aortography--a case report.

Transient cortical blindness is a rare but well-recognized benign complication of angiography that is due to neurotoxicity of the contrast agent. The blindness completely resolves in a few days. This report describes a patient suffering an unusual course of cortical blindness following aortography resulting in permanent, partial blindness. It was found that blindness was the consequence of bilateral occipital embolisms. This case emphasizes that cortical blindness associated with angiography does not always have a favorable outcome, since it might be, in rare cases, due to isolated occipital embolisms, which initially produce a clinical picture identical to that of the neurotoxic effect of contrast agents.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Cortical blindness and Anton syndrome in a patient with obstetric hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Cortical blindness is characterized by loss of vision in the presence of intact anterior visual pathways. Anton syndrome, a form of anosognosia, is a rare complication of cortical blindness involving compromise of the visual association centers, with resulting patient denial of blindness. Both syndromes have been associated with computed tomography findings of localized cortical ischemia. In most cases, both the clinical and radiologic features are reversible. CASE: A woman with hemorrhage from an incomplete abortion at 21 weeks experienced cortical blindness and visual anosognosia. CONCLUSION: Cortical blindness and anosognosia are unusual manifestations of severe hemorrhage but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with atypical visual symptoms.

Abortion, Incomplete↗
PubMed1995

Transient cortical blindness following bypass graft angiography. A case report.

Transient cortical blindness, an uncommonly recognized complication of cerebral angiography, is an exceedingly rare event after cardiac catheterization and angiography. This report describes a sixty-two-year-old patient who had transient cortical blindness following bypass graft angiography. In this case, the authors showed that cortical blindness was associated with the breakage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and an increase in vascular permeability rather than with primary cerebral circulatory insufficiency. When the possibility exists that an excess volume of contrast medium may enter the cerebral circulation as in this case, that is, following a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using the internal mammary artery (IMA), precautionary measures may be necessary such as changing the type of contrast medium to be used or decreasing the volume injected. When cortical blindness occurs, it is a serious clinical problem whether transient or permanent. Therefore, the circumstances leading to this complication should be understood to determine suitable treatment and management.

Blindness↗
PubMed1992

Cortical blindness--a catastrophic side effect of vincristine.

The term 'cortical blindness' indicates loss of sight due to bilateral lesions of the occipital lobes. It is a rare, but severe, side effect of chemotherapeutic agents. Cortical blindness was diagnosed in a 67 year old woman with leiomyosarcoma of the large bowel, treated by vincristine-containing chemotherapy. Cortical blindness without focal neurological signs and with two repeated normal brain computed tomography scans, in which there was no structural damage to the occipital lobes, suggests a metabolic or toxic reaction as a cause in our patients. The temporal relationship between vincristine treatment and cortical blindness implicates vincristine as the possible causative agent for this catastrophic phenomenon.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Residual visual capacities in a case of cortical blindness.

A case of cortical blindness resulting from a dense ischemic lesion of both calcarine cortices (as seen on CAT Scan) was studied up till the seventh month after the initial stroke. By using mainly forced-choice procedures, similar to those previously used for testing hemianopic subjects, we were able to demonstrate the reappearance of some visual capacities, even though the patient still behaved as if completely blind in everyday life and the lesion remained as it was first seen. First, an ability to detect moving stimuli reappeared then bright flashes could be detected. At last, the patient could localize flickering spots approximately, by pointing with his hand, despite the fact that he did not really see them. As was hypothesized in cases of unilateral occipital lesions, such residual vision would likely to be subserved by extrageniculostriate pathways.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Spatial channels of visual processing in cortical blindness.

Blindsight is the ability of some cortically blind patients to discriminate visual events presented within their field defect. We have examined a fundamental aspect of visual processing, namely the detection of spatial structures presented within the field defect of 10 cortically blind patients. The method outlined is based on the detection of high-contrast stimuli and is effective in flagging a 'window of detection' in the spatial frequency spectrum, should it exist. Here we report on the presence of a narrowly tuned psychophysical spatial channel optimally responding to frequencies less than 4 cycles/ degrees in eight out of 10 patients tested. The two patients who did not show any evidence of blindsight appear to have intact midbrain structures, but have lesions that extend from the occipital cortex to the thalamus. In addition, we have recorded subjective reports of awareness of the visual events in each trial. Detection scores of eight blindsight patients were subsequently subdivided based on the subjective reports of awareness. It appears that the psychophysical spatial channel-mediating responses in the absence of any awareness of the visual event have a narrower frequency response than those involved when the patients report some awareness of the visual event. The findings are discussed in relation to previous reports on the incidence of blindsight and performance on tasks involving spatial processing.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Visual evoked potentials and postmortem findings in a case of cortical blindness.

A patient with cortical blindness due to extensive bilateral posterior cerebral infarcts showed occipital visual evoked potentials to flash stimulation on repeated testing. These responses were probably mediated by extrageniculocalcarine connections between the optic nerve and the secondary visual cortex of the occipital convexity.

Aged↗