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PubMed2026

Species identification, discovery, and biomonitoring: Strategic priorities for DNA barcoding in Europe, set in a global context.

The International Barcode of Life (iBOL) initiative is building a globally accessible DNA-based system for species identification and discovery. This paper outlines the mission and strategic priorities for the iBOL community in Europe (iBOL Europe), set in a global context. The mission of iBOL Europe is to produce, curate, and provide access to a complete DNA barcode reference library of European eukaryotic biodiversity, catalyzing species discovery and enabling comprehensive, harmonized species identification and biomonitoring, and supporting the global iBOL program. Immediate objectives include completing reference libraries for priority taxa, democratizing access to sequencing technologies, and strengthening a distributed community of practice. Key actions identified span five thematic areas: community building, sample collection and taxonomic verification, sequencing infrastructure, data management, and mainstreaming DNA-based approaches to meet societal needs. The strategy emphasizes integration with European research infrastructures to ensure long-term sustainability and resilience for biodiversity genomics in Europe.

DNA barcoding↗

PubMed2026

Biomonitoring of industrial heavy metal pollution via enzymatic and metabolic responses in desert ants (Cataglyphis savignyi) and beetles (Tentyrum sp) as bioindicators.

The current work seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of Cataglyphis saviginyi and Tentyrum sp as indicators of pollution in the city's main industrial regions by analyzing their enzymatic activity and primary metabolites. Soil samples were collected at each site under investigation to analyze soil characteristics and heavy metal content. C. saviginyi and Tentyrum sp were collected across four consecutive seasons (2023-2024) to investigate enzymatic (GPT, GOT, ALP, ACP, LDH) and metabolic (lipid, protein, carbohydrate) biomarkers. The physicochemical properties of the soil differed substantially between the industrial areas and the control site. Soil heavy metal buildup was highest at industrial sites (1 and 4) compared to the control site, with the order being Zn > Cr > Cd > Cu. Heavy metal pollution indices were determined. Increased industrial activity from metal industries, ceramics, and chemical painting companies defines this area, as seen by the high Cdeg, mCd, PI, and PLI values derived for industrial sites 1 and 4. While C. saviginyi and Tentyrum sp deconcentrated and released Cr, Cd, and Zn into the soil via the biological accumulation factor (BAF), Cu acted as a macro-concentrator. Compared with the control site, industrial environments were shown to increase levels of GPT, GOT, LDH, ACP, protein, and carbohydrates in C. saviginyi. However, lipid and ALP activity was suppressed. at industrial sites, Tentyrum sp carbohydrate content was higher than at control sites, but GPT, GOT, ALP, ACP, LDH, protein, and lipid activities were all suppressed. Consequently, enzymatic and metabolic biomarkers proved to be sensitive indicators for assessing industrial heavy metal pollution in desert ecosystems.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Biomonitoring of industrial styrene exposures.

Worker exposure to styrene in two fiberglass boat plants was evaluated using conventional sampling techniques. The use of expired air and urine metabolite concentrations as indicators of styrene exposure is evaluated. The concentration of mandelic acid, a styrene metabolite in urine, is quantitated for workers without and with intermittent personal respiratory protection. A urinary Biological Limit Value is determined for exposures to the Threshold Limit Value of styrene.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Determination of 13 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in human plasma samples using LC-MS/MS: application to capillary microsamples.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals widely applied in industrial processes and highly persistent in the environment, whose extensive use has been linked to adverse health effects. Venous plasma is the conventional matrix for PFAS assessment in blood, and LC-MS/MS is the most used quantification technique. Despite the relevance of this topic, biomonitoring data on human exposure to PFAS in Brazil remain limited. This study validated an LC-MS/MS method for determination of 13 PFAS in human plasma. Blood samples were collected from volunteers by phlebotomy, followed by protein precipitation with acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid (v/v) and solid-phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column. The assay was linear over a calibration range of 0.2-20 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-assay precision (CV%) were within the ranges of 2.06-12.0% and 0.25-10.7%, respectively. As for accuracy, results were 89.0-112.9%. Matrix effect ranged from -1.31 to 0.05%. Stability after four freeze/thaw cycles and under autosampler conditions were also confirmed for all analytes. The method was applied to 40 paired venous and capillary plasma samples. Both measures exhibited high correlation (r = 0.926). PFOS was the only compound detected at concentrations ≥0.2 ng/mL (LLOQ) in all samples, with capillary plasma concentrations of 0.85-13.50 ng/mL. In summary, the method showed good validation performance and demonstrated the suitability of capillary plasma samples as an alternative matrix for PFAS quantification.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide interactions with cadmium exposure in dysglycemia: Populational effects and molecular insights.

Dysglycemia is a complex metabolic disorder governed by the interplay between environmental exposures and genetic factors, yet the precise molecular mechanisms driving these gene-environment (G×E) interactions remains poorly understood. Here, we characterized the population-level landscape and molecular causality underlying the interactions between cadmium (Cd), a widespread environmental toxicant, and genetic susceptibility loci in dysglycemia. By conducting a Genome-wide Environmental Interaction (GWEI) study within a sub-cohort of the China National Human Biomonitoring (CNHBM) cohort (N = 1298), we identified 29 genetic risk loci that significantly interact with Cd burden to exacerbate elevated fasting plasma glucose levels. Functional enrichment integrated with metabolomic profiling unmasked a profound multi-omics convergence, positioning epigenetic modifications (e.g. H3K27me3) and zinc-finger transcription factors (e.g. OVOL2, KLFs) as central regulatory hubs that disrupt metabolic homeostasis. To establish causality, we demonstrated that the rs11743277 A>T variant at the lead G×E locus functions as a Cd-responsive enhancer element, facilitating recruitment of TEAD3 and upregulating TICAM2 expression in CRISPR/Cas9-edited HepG2 cells, especially upon Cd exposure. This initiates a TICAM2-mediated inflammatory response, with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-6) impairing downstream insulin signaling and glucose utilization. Collectively, these findings establish a robust paradigm for G×E interactions in complex metabolic disorders, revealing how environmental stressors reprogram genetic susceptibilities through molecular checkpoints and paving the way for tailored, precision-prevention strategies in environmental health.

CRISPR/Cas9 editing↗

PubMed2026

Exploiting Omic Data to Advance Predictive Ecotoxicology.

Predicting species-specific chemical sensitivity using in silico approaches has the potential to transform environmental risk assessment, conservation, and biomonitoring, while reducing, and ultimately replacing, animal testing. Genomic and transcriptomic data capture extensive sensitivity-relevant variation, including differences in molecular targets, xenobiotic metabolism, and damage mitigation pathways. Large-scale sequencing initiatives therefore offer an unprecedented opportunity to address ecotoxicology's "too many species" problem. Although existing omic-based predictive tools provide proof of concept, they have so far been applied to a narrow set of relatively straightforward prediction scenarios. To achieve broader applicability, current and future tools must be firmly grounded in the diverse molecular mechanisms underlying differential chemical responses. Here, we critically evaluate the emerging field of predicting species sensitivity using molecular variation inferred from omic data. We analyze the strengths and limitations of current omic-based approaches and identify major sequence and ecotoxicological data gaps, as well as critical bioinformatic challenges. We then review the current knowledge of how molecular biology underlies differential chemical sensitivity, outlining research paths to allow the next generation of sensitivity prediction tools to exploit ever expanding omic data.

Ecotoxicology↗

PubMed2025

Agricultural land use and ensuing eutrophication both shape parasitic trematode communities in rural African lakes.

Land use is a major driver of biodiversity loss, but how it impacts parasite communities is scarcely documented. Crater lakes and their catchments in rural western Uganda greatly vary in their intensity of anthropogenic disturbance, thus providing an opportunity to assess the effects of land use on snail-borne parasitic trematodes. We applied state-of-the-art molecular biomonitoring to 2385 Bulinus tropicus snails from 34 lakes to detect and genotype trematode infections. The 45 trematode taxa recovered infect a wide range of final vertebrate hosts, and some can cause health burdens of significant public importance. Using constrained ordinations and generalized additive models, we found that B. tropicus reaches peak abundance in lakes with catchments partly under agriculture, whereas trematode infections increase with B. tropicus abundance and peak at intermediate aquatic productivity. Trematode diversity also increases with aquatic productivity, levelling off only in the most productive lakes. These relationships likely reflect the higher abundance and variety of final hosts sustained by more productive lakes. Finally, we found that land use affects trematode community composition, with more livestock parasites and less bird parasites occurring in agricultural catchments. Our results indicate that both land use and lake eutrophication affect the distribution of hotspots for parasitic disease transmission.

Lakes↗

PubMed1979

Behavioural responses of marine poikilotherms to pollutants.

Selected behavioural responses of marine fishes and invertebrates which are reportedly capable of disruption or impairment by petroleum, heavy metals, pesticides and other pollutants are listed. The usefulness of these and other performance functions to regulatory agencies charged with formulation of saline water quality criteria appears somewhat limited. At present, however, motor funcitons such as swimming performance, locomotion, and equilibrium, as well as physiological responses, especially respiratory patterns, may have some potential for biomonitoring of wastes discharged into coastal environments.

Animals↗

PubMed2025

The Role of Community Science in DNA-Based Biodiversity Monitoring.

The mutual interest in nature by the general public and scientists has led to many collaborations, past and present. Community science shows great potential for monitoring species occurrences and distributions, especially in combination with scalable and (semi)-automated methods such as DNA-based monitoring, helping to obtain data from a broader geographic and temporal range than would be possible by the scientific community alone. Here, we present an overview of the complementarity between community science and DNA-based biomonitoring through examples from ongoing projects. The involvement of hobby experts is particularly crucial for building up the necessary species reference databases that enable DNA-based monitoring. Based on this overview, we identify some key points related to learning opportunities and participant recognition to maximise the success, impact and benefit of community participants in DNA-based monitoring.

Biodiversity↗

PubMed1979

[External cardiotocography utilizing the US-Doppler principle developed by VEB Ultraschalltechnik Halle].

Clinical report about an ultrasonic cardiotocograph developed by VEB Ultraschalltechnik Halle/GDR. The ultrasonic-option was combined with variable modules of the Biomonitor system (VEB Kombinat Messgerätewerk Zwönitz).--Efficiency and clinical results registered with this new equipment are demonstrated by means of numerous FHF-patterns.--The cardiotocographic method is very important in connection with a further decrease of perinatal mortality and morbidity. A shortly beginning of industrial production is recommended.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1979

[New technical possibilities for simultaneous cystometry].

With the introduction of integrated semiconductor pressure admitters into the urodynamic examination methodology an optimization of the manometry of the bladder and the urethra was carried out, since the changer of the measuring value in this case is directly situated in the lumen of the bladder. Thus it is achieved that the possibilities of errors which are connected with the conventional measuring method with the catheter system filled with fluid or gas, such as movements, concussions, hydrostatic influence of the coupling medium by different altitude level of the catheter and the connection tube, respectively, but also constipations in haematuria or excretions of the mucus may be excluded. The presented tip manometre IBW 74 due to its measures and radiopaque properties is also suited for the measurement of the pressure on the upper urinary tracts including the pyelon. Hereby the pressure signals gained are further elaborated through a special insertion for the biomonitor system and thus may be recorded on every multiple recorder.

Elasticity↗

PubMed2026

Occupational exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and associated oxidative and genomic biomarkers among soybean farmers: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide widely used for weed control in soybean cultivation. This study aimed to investigate hepatic and genetic damage biomarkers in farmers occupationally exposed to 2,4-D, widely used in soybean cultivation in southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), in addition to estimate urinary 2,4-D concentrations as an indicator of recent exposure. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 54 occupationally exposed farmers and 51 non-exposed controls (organic farmers). RESULTS: Urinary 2,4-D was detected in 88.5% of the exposed group versus 25% of the controls (p < 0.001). Creatine kinase (CK) was significantly elevated in the exposed group (p < 0.05), suggesting possible muscle injury, while AST and ALT (classical liver enzymes) did not differ between groups. Oxidative stress markers showed a clear pattern of redox imbalance, with increased TBARS (p < 0.001), increased CAT activity (p < 0.001), and reduced SOD activity (p < 0.001). Telomere length was significantly shorter in the exposed group (p = 0.001). Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was reported to be inadequate. CONCLUSION: Occupational exposure to 2,4-D is associated with systemic oxidative stress and telomere shortening, even in the absence of transaminase elevation. This points to early hepatocellular vulnerability mediated by oxidative mechanisms rather than overt cytolysis. The study emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring of populations chronically exposed to chlorophenoxy herbicides.

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid↗