SEARCH · Search PubMed
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Pathology and laboratory medicine have changed rapidly since 1945. Three forces can be recognized as major vectors for change: rapid application of the biotechnology evolving from research in molecular biology, radically changing medical socioeconomics, and the evolving field of medical information science. While these apparently disparate elements affect all of medicine and health care, at the present time they appear to be changing pathology and laboratory medicine to a far greater extent than many other medical specialties. If pathologists fail to make the necessary changes, obsolescence may well overtake the specialty. Planning for the innovative educational and training programs that will be required to meet the future demands of the specialty is essential, not only for those now in practice but for those who will follow us.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Modern biomedical research creates a cascade of startlingly effective forms of diagnostics and therapeutics. Modern communication makes public awareness immediate and public demand insatiable. Many of these new advances, because of expense, sophistication, inaccessibility, or latent danger, must be considered scarce. The Ethics Committee of the American Heart Association recognizes the ethical allocation of these scarce resources as the most difficult, demanding, and unresolved problem facing the American Medical profession. It is apparent that the genesis of the problem is in another area fraught with different but equally complex ethical problems, that of the development and transfer of biomedical technology. The following statement is an analysis of the ethics of the development and transfer of biomedical technology which serves as a foundation for the further consideration of the ethical allocation of scarce medical resources.
Engineers and scientists working with biomedical technology are a highly inventive lot. However, it is disappointing to see how few of the products of that inventiveness ever see the light of day outside the hospitals or institutions in which they are developed. This is usually because the developers do not know how to go about commercialising their products. The two basic options in commercialising a new product are to license the product to an existing company, or to establish a new company to manufacture and market it. Whichever approach is taken, a "Business Plan" is an essential requirement. This is a selling document which is needed either to convince an existing company that it would be profitable for it to license the product, or to convince an investor/financier to fund the establishment of a new company to commercialise it.
The Biomedical Technology Department (BTD) at Lutheran Medical Center, (LMC), Wheat Ridge, CO was started in an attempt to meet the challenges of advancing technology and the new requirements of accrediting agencies. LMC treats 92,000 inpatients and 50,000 outpatients per year. The role of the department technicians has changed since the inception of the BTD, in 1976. The most significant impact, on this role, has been the effective utilization of technical skills to generate income for the hospital. Eight technicians service over 4,200 pieces of equipment for 62 departments. The BTD, at present, has eight clinics under Quality Assurance Testing (QAT) contracts. The department is laying ground work for increase service responsibility to become as cost-effective as possible. Obtaining additional service contracts is essential in utilizing department expertise to generate income for the hospital.
A survey of the clinical engineering sector in Bulgaria was carried out, within the context of the 1996 Phare Partnership Program, with the aim to provide a reflection of the current situation concerning the management of biomedical technology and investigate the relevant needs in hospitals. The survey was initiated by the Institute of Biomedical Technology (INBIT) in Patras, Greece, with the active support of national organizations, educational institutions and other parties that share involvement in the overall management of medical devices in Bulgaria. This paper summarizes the results of the survey, giving an insight into the situation in the field and providing the basis for a more thorough study on the Biomedical Technology and Clinical Engineering sectors in Bulgaria.
The rapid expansion of new, unproven, and often expensive biomedical technology requires controlled clinical assessment before widespread diffusion into clinical practice. The accuracy, reliability, and validity all need to be assessed in an unbiased manner to determine whether implementation is of benefit to the clinician and patient. This article briefly describes the methodology available to determine whether new technologies such as diagnostic imaging techniques may be of benefit in clinical practice.
Medical instrumentation and biotechnology business is developing rapidly in Franconia. The universities of Bayreuth, Erlangen-Nürnberg, and Würzburg hold upper ranks in biomedical extramural funding research. They have a high competence in biomedical research, medical instrumentation, and biotechnology. The association "BioMedTec Franken e.V" has been founded at the beginning of 1999 both to foster the information exchange between universities, industry and politics and to facilitate the establishment of biomedical companies by means of science parks. In the IGZ (Innovation and Foundation Center Nürnberg-Fürth-Erlangen) 4,500 square meters of space are currently shared by 19 novel companies. Since 1985 60 companies in the IGZ had a total turnover of about 74 Mio Euro. The TGZ (Technologie- und Gründerzentrum) in Würzburg provides space for 11 companies. For the specific needs of biomedical technology companies further science parks will be set up in the near future. A science park for medical instrumentation will be founded in Erlangen (IZMP, Innovations- und Gründerzentrum für Medizintechnik und Pharma in der Region Nürnberg, Fürch, Erlangen). Furthermore, a Biomedical Technology Center and a Research Center for Bicompatible Materials are to be founded in Würzburg and Bayreuth, respectively. Several communication platforms (Bayern Innovativ, FORWISS, FTT, KIM, N-TEC-VISIT, TBU, WETTI etc.) allow the transfer of local academic research activities to industrial utilization and open new co-operation possibilities. International pharmaceutical companies (Novartis, Nürnberg; Pharmacia Upjohn, Erlangen) are located in Franconia. Central Franconia represents a national focus for medical instrumentation. The Erlangen settlement of the Medical Engineering Section of Siemens employs 4,500 people including approximately 1,000 employees in the Siemens research center.
The purpose of this article has been to discuss and present some of the current biomedical technology available for patient transport. Recommendations were offered concerning the evaluation of these products, so that they can be effectively used in the air medical environment. There is one step yet that needs to be taken. This step involves identifying the most appropriate application of this technology to the care of the patient. As asked at the beginning of this article, how many pumps and monitors are needed for safe and high-quality patient transport? The answer to that question is not within the scope of this article, but pieces to the answer are. Through research, those of us who provide care during transport should be able to answer this question and develop guidelines for the use of biomedical technology when caring for the patient during air medical transport.
All of these studies show that angiogenesis research can benefit from new biomedical technology tools currently being developed, as well as contribute by providing new technologies that can be used in other areas of medicine. It is hoped that the chapters in this book in this area will provide the reader with an up-to-date appreciation of some of the exciting research that is currently being pursued.
The past 30 years have seen tremendous advances in biomedical technology that have changed dramatically the practice of medicine in general, of neonatology in particular. All changes have not been for the best, however. The price tag has been especially steep, but there have been adverse effects on the quality of medicine as well. The reasons we rely on high technology, its risks and pitfalls, and our future handling of decisions regarding using or not using biotechnology deserve careful consideration, including financial factors that physicians have been loath traditionally to address. If the medical profession is to avoid becoming enslaved to technology, our future decisions must be better informed, more rational, and based on more scientific facts than they have been in the past. Above all, physicians must avoid becoming mere technicians at the expense of the traditional humanistic approach to patient care.
The article attempts to derive a hierarchy of patient adaptation for a variety of technologic devices that are used in medical and nursing care. A review of related literature on some existing taxonomies of biomedical technology and an empiric foundation based on Roy's Adaptation Model suggest that patient adaptation to biomedical devices is affected by at least two factors--the degree of invasiveness and automation--that are inherent in all bedside devices. It appears that patients' need for adaptation to technology is more apparent as automation decreases and invasiveness increases. Further research is necessary to determine whether this relationship holds for all types of technology and to identify additional factors that might contribute to the development of an adaptation hierarchy for technologic devices. The nurse's role as a mediator of stress between the patient and technology is also explored.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.