[Frantisek J. Turcek, fifty years old].
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Parelius worked as local medical officer in the western parts of Norway. He wrote poems and medical articles, most of which were published in journals. This article is a biography.
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Contrary to a prevalent belief, the rebound phenomenon of Gordon Holmes is not a sign of cerebellar disease. It is elicited by having the patient attempt to move a limb against resistance. When the resistance is suddenly removed, the limb normally moves a short distance in the desired direction and then rebounds (jerks back in the opposite direction). Gordon Holmes pointed out that the rebound phenomenon is (1) present in normal libs, (2) exaggreated in spastic limbs, and (3) absent in limbs affected by cerebellar disease. An awareness of Holmes's observations may be helpful in the diagnosis of both cerebellar disease and spasticity.
In addition to discovering the dominant role of the left hemisphere for language and describing what is now known as Broca's aphasia, Paul Broca made other insightful, but less well-recalled, aphasiologic observations. He distinguished symptoms of Wernicke's aphasia five years before Carl Wernicke's famous monograph, and he was the first to exploit the surgical relevance of language localization. Broca investigated the anatomic substrate of language laterality by comparing the relative weights of the two hemispheres and the two frontal lobes. He considered language lateralization from a developmental point of view and in relation to handedness. A relatively small portion of Broca's prodigious scientific career was devoted to the study of aphasia, but his seminal work encompasses a number of issues of contemporary concern.
Henry Head's literary contributions have gone virtually unnoticed despite Lord Brain's contention that "Had Henry Head not adopted medicine as a profession, he might have been equally distinguished as a writer." During World War I, Head published war poems in several literary journals and in 1919 they were compiled into a volume entitled Destroyers and Other Verses. Prior to Destroyers, Head published two other volumes of poetry and, in 1922, he wrote an introduction to a collection of works by Thomas Hardy, compiled by his equally literate wife, Ruth. That the literary influence between the Heads was mutual is revealed by the many references to medicine and physicians in the novels of Ruth Head. This article presents the literary works of Henry and Ruth Head and describes this little known but important part of Sir Henry's career.