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Results for “Biofeedback, Psychology”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Changes in myopia, visual acuity, and psychological distress after biofeedback visual training.

The effects of auditory biofeedback training on myopia, visual acuity (VA), and psychological distress were evaluated in a controlled prospective study involving 55 mildly myopic (< or = -3.5 D) high school students. These myopes were divided into 2 groups, matched for age and dioptric defect: 33 were treated with visual training and 22 were not; 27 emmetropic subjects formed a further control group. Subjects were evaluated at the baseline (T0), at 10 weeks after the end of the treatment (T1), and after an interval of 12 months (T2) from the baseline for: (1) manifest and cycloplegic refraction, and the difference between them (cycloplegic tonus); (2) VA measured with a conventional optotype in all subjects, and also with a computer-generated optotype in the treated group; and (3) psychometric values and personality profile. At T2, myopia had significantly worsened both in the treated and in the control myopes; VA in the treated myopes appeared significantly improved when measured by the conventional optotype, but unchanged when measured by computer. Psychometric scores improved significantly in the treated myopes and in the emmetropic controls. Objectively the autorefractometer showed that 38% of the myopes had voluntary control of positive accommodation, i.e., the ability to increase spherical defect; no voluntary control of negative accommodation was observed. An increase in VA was associated with a significant increase in the foveation time (i.e., the period of time when the target is imaged on the fovea and the eye is motionless), and was partly attributable to a learning effect. In conclusion, biofeedback visual training had a positive effect on psychological distress and subjective VA improvement, but failed to reduce the existing myopia or delay its evolution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Review of the treatment literature for encopresis, functional constipation, and stool-toileting refusal.

This review summarizes the literature on randomized, controlled, published studies involving medical, behavioral, psychological, and biofeedback treatments for encopresis/functional constipation and stool-toileting refusal in preschool-age and school-age children. Nine such studies were located in the literature involving school-age children. No randomized, controlled treatment studies involving preschool-age children have been published. This review revealed no evidence to support the routine use of psychotherapy or anal sphincter biofeedback in the treatment of pediatric fecal elimination dysfunctions, beyond those benefits derived from a comprehensive medical-behavioral intervention. Further, this review indicated that paradoxical constriction of the External Anal Sphincter does not influence the treatment outcome of either biofeedback or medical-behavioral interventions. There are remarkably few controlled treatment outcome studies in this most important clinical area. More research is needed that employs standard treatment outcome variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Occupational stress management programmes: a practical overview of published effect studies.

There are many occupational stress management programmes available which are designed to prevent and cure the negative aspects of job-stress. The focus of the programmes can be directed towards the individual worker, the working group, the organization of the work or the organization as a whole. Moreover, programmes show a considerable variation with respect to the type of interventions they promote and their underlying assumptions, as well as their duration and costs. In this paper, effect studies of occupational stress programmes published between 1987 and 1994 are reviewed. The aim is to give a practical overview of the variety in occupational stress programmes, their scope, applicability and the evidence of their effectiveness. The paper updates the review by DeFrank and Cooper published in 1989.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Influence of psychosocial factors and biopsychosocial interventions on outcomes after myocardial infarction.

Management of the myocardial infarction patient may extend beyond the physiologic to include psychosocial factors that may adversely affect cardiac health. Psychosocial factors such as depression, coronary-prone behavior, hostility, social isolation, anxiety, anger, and stress are related to increased cardiac death and illness. Various interventions including cognitive-behavioral therapies, techniques that elicit the relaxation response, meditation, exercise, and increasing social networks, may play a role in improving health outcomes. This article explores the relationship of these psychosocial factors to cardiac health and proposes a biopsychosocial model of care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

The role of information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems in pacing and perception of effort.

This article examines how pacing strategies during exercise are controlled by information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems. It is suggested that, although several different pacing strategies can be used by athletes for events of different distance or duration, the underlying principle of how these different overall pacing strategies are controlled is similar. Perhaps the most important factor allowing the establishment of a pacing strategy is knowledge of the endpoint of a particular event. The brain centre controlling pace incorporates knowledge of the endpoint into an algorithm, together with memory of prior events of similar distance or duration, and knowledge of external (environmental) and internal (metabolic) conditions to set a particular optimal pacing strategy for a particular exercise bout. It is proposed that an internal clock, which appears to use scalar rather than absolute time scales, is used by the brain to generate knowledge of the duration or distance still to be covered, so that power output and metabolic rate can be altered appropriately throughout an event of a particular duration or distance. Although the initial pace is set at the beginning of an event in a feedforward manner, no event or internal physiological state will be identical to what has occurred previously. Therefore, continuous adjustments to the power output in the context of the overall pacing strategy occur throughout the exercise bout using feedback information from internal and external receptors. These continuous adjustments in power output require a specific length of time for afferent information to be assessed by the brain's pace control algorithm, and for efferent neural commands to be generated, and we suggest that it is this time lag that crates the fluctuations in power output that occur during an exercise bout. These non-monotonic changes in power output during exercise, associated with information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems, are crucial to maintain the overall pacing strategy chosen by the brain algorithm of each athlete at the start of the exercise bout.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

[Psychofunctional state of remote education students].

The authors present data concerning examination of psychofunctional state of students who receive remote education during various years. Information load of nonconventional education is associated with reorganization of central regulatory mechanisms and changes in cognitive brain functions.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

[Current methods of rehabilitation of patients with vestibular disorders].

Efficacy of pharmacological, physical treatments in monotherapy and in combination was compared in rehabilitation of 173 patients with various forms of vestibular disorders. High efficacy of physical methods especially with the use of biological feedback is shown. Factors influencing final results of the above rehabilitation are analysed. Wide use of physical rehabilitation is recommended.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress coping.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Psychological characteristics and biofeedback mitigation in preadolescents with eating disorders.

BACKGROUND: Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are considered to be the most serious eating disorders in female adolescents, with a multifactorial etiology and severe medical complications. It is interesting to investigate the specific relationships of these diseases to emotional stress, coping mechanisms and biofeedback mitigation. METHODS: The study comprised 76 obese and 27 anorectic girls, as well as 35 healthy girls as a control group. Psychological assessment was performed using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Emotional Profile Index, General Anxiety Scale, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Cornell Medical Index. The therapy was multimodal, including a biofeedback relaxation system based on electrodermal response (EDR). RESULTS: Scores obtained from psychometric instruments, in particular concerning basic anxiety, intrafamily conflicts, self-defense and depression, showed that anorexia nervosa and hyperphagia are specifically stress related. Personality characteristics and the environment, as models for habits, modified the manner of coping with stress differently for anorexia and hyperphagia. The EDR biofeedback was shown to be an effective support for mitigation of eating disorders in preadolescents, with better results for anorectic girls. The correlated difference in personality profiles suggested the use of specific animated sequences. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirmed the hypothesis that obesity and anorexia nervosa could be related to different types of emotional stress and coping mechanisms, and accordingly be differently mediated by biofeedback technique.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Voluntary blood pressure control by biofeedback: relationship to psychological characteristics.

1. Psychological characteristics were studied in 25 hypertensives (mean and standard deviation of blood pressure 150/95 +/- 12/5 mmHg), who received blood pressure (BP) biofeedback (BFB). Personality factors and success in BFB-BP modifying ability were correlated and the predictive value of psychological factors was estimated. 2. Questionnaires consisted of a Locus of Control of Behaviour (LCB) scale, the Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory and the Framingham Type A personality inventory. 3. BP was monitored continuously from the finger by volume clamp plethysmography during eight BFB sessions, each with three trials of raising, ignoring and lowering systolic blood pressure (SP). 4. SP was raised/lowered by 12 +/- 11/6 +/- 9 mmHg and heart rate (HR) increased by 10 +/- 3.9/+ 1 +/- 6.1. Ten subjects were able to lower SP by greater than or equal to 5 mmHg (15 +/- 7.5) and raise it by 17 +/- 11. The others achieved no decrease in SP and were also less successful at raising (8 mmHg, P = 0.04). 5. Changes in LCB and trait anxiety correlated with DP rise, whereas type A and pre-study state anxiety correlated with rising HR. Lowering of SP correlated weakly with change in LCB (r = 0.47, P = 0.06). 6. Combinations of psychological factors had independent predictive value for BP and HR change: trait anxiety (P = 0.03) and change in LCB (P = 0.009) with rise in diastolic blood pressure (DP); type A (P = 0.009), pre-study LCB (P = 0.02) and pre-study state anxiety (P = 0.01) with HR rise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biofeedback, Psychology↗