[Bioelectric energy sources for heart pacemakers].
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The basic feasibility to power a cardiac pacemaker system through energy provided by vital body functions is demonstrated. Cardiac action and the respiratory apparatus are evaluated as power sources. Electromagnetic induction and the piezo-electric effect are discussed as ways of transducing mechanical into electrical energy. Size as a limiting factor in adapting technical systems to biological power sources is assessed, while criteria for a feasible solution are defined.
Mediator-coupled microbial fuel cells containing Proteus vulgaris were constructed and the cell performance was tested. Fuel cell efficiency depended on the carbon source in the initial medium of the microorganism. Maltose and trehalose were not utilized substantially by P. vulgaris; however, their presence in the initial medium resulted in enhanced cell performance. In particular, galactose showed 63% coulombic efficiency in a biofuel cell after P. vulgaris was cultured in a trehalose-containing medium. This work demonstrates that optimum utilization of carbon sources by microorganisms, which leads to the maximization of fuel cell performance, is possible simply by adjusting initial carbon sources.