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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Proposals to unify the genera Bartonella and Rochalimaea, with descriptions of Bartonella quintana comb. nov., Bartonella vinsonii comb. nov., Bartonella henselae comb. nov., and Bartonella elizabethae comb. nov., and to remove the family Bartonellaceae from the order Rickettsiales.

DNA hybridization data (hydroxyapatite method, 50 to 70 degrees C) indicate that Rickettsia prowazekii, the type species of the type genus of the family Rickettsiaceae, is substantially less closely related to Rochalimaea species than was previously thought. The levels of relatedness of Rickettsia prowazekii to Rochalimaea species and to Bartonella bacilliformis under optimal conditions for DNA reassociation were 0 to 14%, with 25.5% or greater divergence in related sequences. When stringent reassociation criteria were used, the levels of relatedness were 0 to 2%. The genera Bartonella and Rochalimaea are currently classified in different families (the Bartonellaceae and the Rickettsiaceae) in the order Rickettsiales. On the basis of DNA relatedness data, previous 16S rRNA sequence data, guanine-plus-cytosine contents, and phenotypic characteristics, neither Bartonella bacilliformis nor Rochalimaea species are closely related to other organisms currently classified in the order Rickettsiales. In fact, the closest relative of these organisms is Brucella abortus. It is therefore proposed that the family Bartonellaceae should be removed from the order Rickettsiales. Previous 16S rRNA sequence data and DNA hybridization data revealed high levels of relatedness between Bartonella bacilliformis and the four Rochalimaea species, indicating that these species are members of a single genus. It is proposed that the genus Rochalimaea should be united with the genus Bartonella in the family Bartonellaceae. The name Bartonella is retained as the genus name since it has nomenclatural priority over the name Rochalimaea. This means that new combinations for the Rochalimaea species must be created. Proposals are therefore made for the creation of Bartonella quintana comb. nov., Bartonella vinsonii comb. nov., Bartonella henselae comb. nov., and Bartonella elizabethae comb. nov.

Alphaproteobacteria↗
PubMed1955

Bartonellaceae.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bartonella↗
PubMed1994

Transformation of Bartonella bacilliformis by electroporation.

Bartonella bacilliformis is a member of the order Rickettsiales, family Bartonellaceae. The bacterium is an intracellular parasite of human erythrocytes. To date, members of the family Bartonellaceae have not been transformed by standard chemical methods. We report the first successful transformation of a member of the Bartonellaceae family, B. bacilliformis, by the method of electroporation. The optimal conditions for electroporation of B. bacilliformis include a field strength of 12.5 kV/cm and a time constant of 5 ms using 0.2-cm cuvettes. With these parameters and the cosmid pEST (RK2 replicon), a transformation efficiency of 7.8 x 10(5) was obtained. Transformants were readily cultured on medium containing kanamycin sulfate at concentrations ranging from 15 to 600 micrograms/mL. Bacterial survival was approximately 31% under optimal electroporation conditions, and the maximal number of transformants was obtained with 80 ng of pEST DNA. Bartonella bacilliformis was verified as the transformed organism by a comparison of transformant protein profiles with those of wild-type B. bacilliformis using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and detection of the exogenous plasmid in DNA from the transformed bacteria by DNA hybridization. Transformations using the plasmids pMK20, pML31, and pUCK18 (containing the replicons ColE1, F, and pMB1, respectively) were not successful.

Bartonella↗
PubMed2005

Signature proteins that are distinctive of alpha proteobacteria.

BACKGROUND: The alpha (alpha) proteobacteria, a very large and diverse group, are presently characterized solely on the basis of 16S rRNA trees, with no known molecular characteristic that is unique to this group. The genomes of three alpha-proteobacteria, Rickettsia prowazekii (RP), Caulobacter crescentus (CC) and Bartonella quintana (BQ), were analyzed in order to search for proteins that are unique to this group. RESULTS: Blast analyses of protein sequences from the above genomes have led to the identification of 61 proteins which are distinctive characteristics of alpha-proteobacteria and are generally not found in any other bacteria. These alpha-proteobacterial signature proteins are generally of hypothetical functions and they can be classified as follows: (i) Six proteins (CC2102, CC3292, CC3319, CC1887, CC1725 and CC1365) which are uniquely present in most sequenced alpha-proteobacterial genomes; (ii) Ten proteins (CC1211, CC1886, CC2245, CC3470, CC0520, CC0365, CC0366, CC1977, CC3010 and CC0100) which are present in all alpha-proteobacteria except the Rickettsiales; (iii) Five proteins (CC2345, CC3115, CC3401, CC3467 and CC1021) not found in the intracellular bacteria belonging to the order Rickettsiales and the Bartonellaceae family; (iv) Four proteins (CC1652, CC2247, CC3295 and CC1035) that are absent from various Rickettsiales as well as Rhodobacterales; (v) Three proteins (RP104, RP105 and RP106) that are unique to the order Rickettsiales and four proteins (RP766, RP192, RP030 and RP187) which are specific for the Rickettsiaceae family; (vi) Six proteins (BQ00140, BQ00720, BQ03880, BQ12030, BQ07670 and BQ11900) which are specific to the order Rhizobiales; (vii) Four proteins (BQ01660, BQ02450, BQ03770 and BQ13470) which are specific for the order Rhizobiales excluding the family Bradyrhizobiaceae; (viii) Nine proteins (BQ12190, BQ11460, BQ11450, BQ11430, BQ11380, BQ11160, BQ11120, BQ11100 and BQ11030 which are distinctive of the Bartonellaceae family;(ix) Six proteins (CC0189, CC0569, CC0331, CC0349, CC2323 and CC2637) which show sporadic distribution in alpha-proteobacteria, (x) Four proteins (CC2585, CC0226, CC2790 and RP382) in which lateral gene transfers are indicated to have occurred between alpha-proteobacteria and a limited number of other bacteria. CONCLUSION: The identified proteins provide novel means for defining and identifying the alpha-proteobacteria and many of its subgroups in clear molecular terms and in understanding the evolution of this group of species. These signature proteins, together with the large number of alpha-proteobacteria specific indels that have recently been identified http://www.bacterialphylogeny.com, provide evidence that all species from this diverse group share many unifying and distinctive characteristics. Functional studies on these proteins should prove very helpful in the identification of such characteristics.

Alphaproteobacteria↗
PubMed1995

Proposals to unify the genera Grahamella and Bartonella, with descriptions of Bartonella talpae comb. nov., Bartonella peromysci comb. nov., and three new species, Bartonella grahamii sp. nov., Bartonella taylorii sp. nov., and Bartonella doshiae sp. nov.

Polyphasic methods were used to examine the taxonomic positions of three newly identified Grahamella species. A comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of these organisms with the sequences available for other bacteria revealed that these three species form a tight monophyletic cluster with members of the genus Bartonella. This cluster is only remotely related to other members of the order Rickettsiales. Determinations of the levels of DNA relatedness between Grahamella species and Bartonella species (by using a modified hydroxyapatite method) revealed that all of the species belonging to these two genera are distinct but closely related. On the basis of these data and the results of guanine-plus-cytosine content and phenotypic characterization studies, we propose that the genera Grahamella and Bartonella should be unified and that the latter name should be retained. Bartonella talpae and Bartonella peromysci, new combinations for former Grahamella species, are created, and the following three new Bartonella species are described: Bartonella grahamii, Bartonella taylorii, and Bartonella doshiae. A taxonomic analysis of Grahamella species complete the study of all members of the family Bartonellaceae, and the results of this study support the proposal that the family should be transferred out of the order Rickettsiales.

Alphaproteobacteria↗
PubMed1995

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 23S ribosomal RNA-encoding gene of Bartonella bacilliformis.

We report the cloning and characterization of the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-encoding gene (rDNA) of Bartonella bacilliformis (Bb). The 2821-bp gene is preceded by an 11-nucleotide (nt) inverted repeat (IR) located 81 nt upstream in the tRNA(Ala)-23S rDNA intergenic spacer. The gene is followed by an 8-nt IR, five nt downstream in the 23S-5S rDNA intergenic spacer. The nt sequence of the Bb 23S rDNA is most similar to the 23S rDNA of Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rp), with 85.4% sequence identity. The Bb 23S rDNA has 77.8% identity to the same gene from Escherichia coli (Ec). Secondary structure predictions indicate that the large subunit (LSU) Bb rRNA contains two smaller stem-loops at nt 1459-1544 and 1658-1685, as compared to the corresponding loops from Ec (nt 1405-1597 and 1707-1751, respectively). In addition, the Bb 23S rRNA has a large 72-nt stem-loop at nt 130-201, as compared to the Ec 18-nt stem-loop (nt 131-148). There is no Bb homologue of the 15-nt stem-loop at the 3' end of the Ec molecule (nt 2791-2805). The Bb 23S rRNA lacks the large stem-loop present in the LSU rRNA of closely related Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Rs) (nt position 1225-1331) which is thought to be involved in cleavage of 23S RNA precursor molecules into 16S and 14S rRNA species. This is the first LSU rDNA nt sequence for any member of the Bartonellaceae family.

Bartonella↗
PubMed2000

Bartonellosis. New and old.

The number of species that comprise the family of Bartonellaceae, genus Bartonella, has recently increased from one to 11 species, five of which have been associated with different diseases and syndromes in humans. The rapidly growing number of human pathogens has led several investigators to regard bartonellosis and other associated syndromes as important emerging infectious diseases. This article presents the history and epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of bartonellosis and associated diseases, including Carrión's disease, trench fever, endocarditis and bacteremia, bacillary angiomatosis, and cat-scratch disease.

Bartonella↗
PubMed2003

Aurantimonas coralicida gen. nov., sp. nov., the causative agent of white plague type II on Caribbean scleractinian corals.

A bacterium previously isolated from a diseased colony of the scleractinian coral Dichocoenia stokesi (common name elliptical star coral) was subjected to a detailed polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The isolate, designated WP1T, was halophilic and strictly aerobic and formed golden-orange-pigmented colonies after prolonged incubation. Cells of WP1T were gram-negative, rod-shaped and showed a characteristic branching rod morphology. Chemotaxonomically, WP1T was characterized by having Q-10 as the major respiratory lipoquinone and sym-homospermidine as the main component of the cellular polyamine content. The predominant constituent in the cellular fatty acid profile was C18:1 omega7c, along with C19:0 cyclo omega8c and C16:0. Other fatty acids present in smaller amounts were C17:0, C18:0, C16:1 omega7c, C20:1 omega7c and C18:1 2-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. Minor amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine were present. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 66.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that WP1T represents a separate subline of descent within the order 'Rhizobiales' of the 'Alphaproteobacteria'. The new line of descent falls within the group of families that includes the Rhizobiaceae, Bartonellaceae, Brucellaceae and 'Phyllobacteriaceae', with no particular relative within this group. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all established taxa within this group was not higher than 92.0% (to Mesorhizobium mediterraneum). To accommodate this emerging coral pathogen, the creation of a new genus and species is proposed, Aurantimonas coralicida gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain WP1T = CIP 107386T = DSM 14790T).

Alphaproteobacteria↗
PubMed1987

The taxonomic status of the causative agent of heartwater.

A fresh pragmatic classification of the rickettsias has been derived by applying the simplest techniques of numerical taxonomy. One order, the Rickettsiales, containing 3 families, the Rickettsiaceae, Phagosomaphilaceae, and the Bartonellaceae (?) is proposed. Cowdria is classified as a genus along with Chlamydia, Coxiella and Anaplasma in the tribe Chlamydieae in the family Phagosomaphilaceae.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Cat scratch (?) disease].

The case of a 24 year old female student who developed typical cat scratch disease following an insect sting invited to review the literature. Over the last two years, Rocalimaea henselae could be identified and is now considered to be responsible for the majority of infected cases. It is related to Rochalimaea quintana that provokes trench fever and to Bartonella bacilliformis, known as the inciting agent of the verruca peruana and of Oroya fever. Recently, it has been proposed to integrate Rochalimaea and Bartonella into the family of Bartonellaceae. The diverse and fascinating array of clinical syndromes caused by R. henselae as well as their treatment are described. Capability to affect organs other than skin and lymph nodes is primarily but not exclusively associated with immunodeficiencies. In countries like Switzerland little information on these clinical pictures is available. However, it is important to recognize the typical symptoms and signs in order to initiate the appropriate and necessary examinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Rickettsioses: the epidemiological assessment].

Microbe of taxonomical families Rickettsiaceae aceal and Bartonellaceae of Rickettsiales order have caused not less than 14 nosological forms of disease among people in different parts of the world. About 8 of them--in Russia and in the former Soviet Republics. These diseases are not unequivocal from epidemiological point of view. Trench, Marseilles and other forms of fever, murine typhus, vesicules rickettsia, etc. have been liquidated and never recurred for 30-40 years. Prowazek's [correction of Provachek's] rickettsia in its two forms has lost its epidemiological meaning in Russia and is next to full disappearance. However, some types of fever still represent a definite threat to public health. Some diseases, like ehrlichiosis, Bartonella, tsutsugamushi fever have not yet been studied to the end in Russia.

Bartonella Infections↗
PubMed1994

Grahamella in small woodland mammals in the U.K.: isolation, prevalence and host specificity.

Bacteria isolated from the blood of small woodland mammals were identified as members of the genus Grahamella. The prevalence of Grahamella infection among the 37 small mammals examined, detected by cultivation of blood samples, was 62%. This figure is somewhat higher than previous reports. Further characterization of the isolates, based on restriction enzyme analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, serological reactivity and DNA hybridization studies, revealed three distinct Grahamella species. One of the species was found in five different species of small mammal (Apodemus sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus agrestis and Neomys fodiens). All three species were found in M. agrestis, although there was no evidence of concurrent infection of an animal by more than one species of Grahamella. These observations demonstrate that Grahamella spp. are not host-specific, as previously thought, and that it is therefore invalid to name Grahamella spp. solely on the basis of the host in which they are observed.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Ectoparasites of gray squirrels in two different habitats and screening of selected ectoparasites for bartonellae.

Gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, were livetrapped in 2 different habitat types, woodland (67 squirrels) and parkland (53 squirrels), in southeastern Georgia. Ectoparasites were recovered from anesthetized squirrels and compared between hosts from the 2 habitats. Because of the absence of low vegetation in parkland habitats, it was hypothesized that the ectoparasite fauna, especially ticks and chiggers, would be more diverse on woodland squirrels. The results were generally in agreement with this hypothesis. Seventeen species of ectoparasites were recovered from woodland squirrels, compared with 6 species from parkland squirrels. Five species of ticks and 3 species of chiggers parasitized the woodland squirrels compared with no ticks or chiggers on the parkland squirrels. Significantly higher infestation prevalences were recorded on woodland compared with parkland squirrels for the flea Orchopeas howardi, the tick Amblyomma americanum, and the mesostigmatid mite Androlaelaps fahrenholzi. The mean intensity for O. howardi also was significantly higher on woodland than on parkland squirrels. Because a new strain of Bartonella sp. was isolated recently from S. carolinensis in Georgia, selected ectoparasites from this study were screened for bartonellae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Some of the fleas and lice, but none of the mites tested, were PCR positive, suggesting that fleas, or lice, or both, might be vectors of bartonellae between squirrels. Six distinct strains of Bartonella sp. were detected, 2 in fleas and 4 in lice.

Animals↗