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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[From barber-surgeons' guild to medical association. A 400th anniversary].

The barber-surgeons' guild in Bergen was founded on 17 January 1597. For nearly 250 years this was the only "medical association" in Norway. The guild disappeared with the death of its latest master, Christian Wilhelm Wisbech (1740-1822). However, only nine years later his son, Christian Wisbech (1801-69), founded the Medical Association in Bergen. The barber-surgeons were craftsmen who got their education by apprenticeship. They were the medical practitioners of their times. Their empirical knowledge was more in touch with real life than was the medicine taught by the professors. This paper describes the barber-surgeons' education and work, including their conflicts with other craftsmen and doctors. During the 18th century the barber-surgeons' education was improved, and eventually was given full academic status.

Barber Surgeons↗
PubMed1996

[Professional heritage and social origin of the Württemberg barber surgeons of the 19th century].

In nineteenth-century Württemberg, barber surgeons (Wundärzte) were subdivided into various grades. They were increasingly confronted with severe governmental restrictions that both threatened their professional image and weakened their economical prospects. Therefore an archival study has been made on behalf of the social background of surgical examines by means of their father's occupation. As a result it could be shown that more than half the registered fathers were barber surgeons themselves. About 20 percent of the surgical candidates were recruited from the craft, whereas physicians, apothecaries and other professionals could hardly be found. Even pastors, that were supposed to be professionally linked with surgeons, were rarely made reference to. The candidates were classified into two groups, according to different periods of time (1800 to 1829 and 1830 to 1873). As to the social origin of the examinees, no appreciable differences between both periods could be found.

Barber Surgeons↗
PubMed1984

The barber-surgeons of London.

The Company of the Barber-Surgeons of London was formed by the union of the Company of Barbers and the Fellowship of Surgeons in 1540. It marked one of the great milestones in English surgery. The barbers had carried out minor surgery such as bleeding and lancing of abscesses, while the more erudite surgeons attempted to evolve some principles in surgery, and were involved in the mutilating surgery of warfare. The Barber-Surgeons became responsible for instigating teaching programs and the licensing of men to practice the art of surgery; they also appointed surgeons to the armed forces. An inevitable rift between these two different types of people occurred in 1745. The surgeons broke away and formed the Company of Surgeons, which, in 1800, became the Royal College of Surgeons.

Barbering↗
PubMed2006

Thomas Vicary, barber-surgeon.

An Act of Parliament in 1540 uniting the barbers and surgeons to form the Barber-Surgeons' Company represented an important foundation stone towards better surgery in England. Thomas Vicary, who played a pivotal role in promoting this union, was a leading surgeon in London in the middle of the 16th century. While Vicary made no direct contribution to surgical knowledge, he should be remembered primarily as one who contributed much towards the early organization and teaching of surgery and to the consequent benefits that flowed from this improvement.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2005

"Respectful image": revenge of the barber surgeon.

Although some separation of surgery from the practice of medicine had begun to develop in early medieval times, this was accentuated in 1215 by the Fourth Lateran Council, a papal edict which forbade physicians (most of whom where clergy) from performing surgical procedures, as contact with blood or body fluids was viewed as contaminating to men of the church. As a result, the practice of surgery was relegated to craft status with training by apprenticeship through guilds. Physicians followed a university-directed program of education, which involved knowledge of the classics and writings of ancient medical authors such as those by Galen, which allowed no independent thought or inquiry. Competition among physicians and surgeons, including the lowest group of surgical practitioners, the barbers, continued until Henry VIII signed a charter in 1540 uniting barbers and surgeons in London. This Guild of Barbers and Surgeons, forerunner of the Royal College of Surgeons, established a regulatory agency for training and certification of surgical practice, which set the stage for legitimizing surgery as a profession.

Barber Surgeons↗
PubMed2005

Georg Händel (1622-97): the barber-surgeon father of George Frideric Handel (1685-1759).

George Frideric Handel was born in Halle (Saale) in Germany. After initial musical education in Germany and Italy, he came to London as a young man and spent the rest of his life in England. Until recently, little has been written of his early life in either the English or the German literature, and it is not widely known that he was the son of Georg Händel, a barber-surgeon of repute. When his father's name is mentioned, it is usually to claim that he actively discouraged his son's musical education. Georg Händel lived in a turbulent time; he became an eminent surgeon who served as valet and barber to the Courts of Saxony and Brandenburg, as well as a distinguished citizen of Halle. In describing his surgical duties, we show how these differed from those of barbers in England and France at that time. Barbers in Germany were less controlled, freer to practise as they pleased, and Händel himself had important duties in public health and forensic medicine. George Frideric was the first son of the second marriage, born when his father was 63 years of age. We aim also to dispel the notion that Händel's influence on his son's career was as obstructive as has been claimed, but rather that he was a responsible father with his children's interests at heart. This is shown in the success achieved by all his children, most of whom followed their father into medicine, while George Frideric became the most famous of them all, being regarded by posterity as one of the greatest composers.

Barber Surgeons↗
PubMed1997

Leonardo Fioravanti (1517-1588): a barber-surgeon who influenced the development of reconstructive surgery.

Surgery in the Middle Ages was practiced by individuals belonging to the guild of barbers, with no basic medical education. The transformation into a scientific branch of medicine began in the sixteenth century. In this process, a great role was the one played by Leonardo Fioravanti. He was a Doctor in Medicine graduated from the University of Bologna. A controversial man, he was also an innovation in many fields of medicine, such as prevention of diseases, pharmacology, therapy, etc., and he was a surgeon himself. On the way back from one of the last Crusades, he visited the Vianeos brothers in Calabria, and he was able to learn from them the technique for reconstructing the nose that had been devised by Antonio Branca in the previous century and still practiced only by barber-surgeons. He published his experience in a book that probably inspired the contemporary, Gaspare Tagliacozzi, Professor at the University of Bologna, and allowed him to become acquainted with this kind of reconstructive surgery. Tagliacozzi understood the value of the method described by Fioravanti and transformed a barber-surgery technique into a remarkable chapter of scientific surgery by divulging in the academic circles the principles of the pedicled flap, which have been the basis for development of modern plastic surgery.

Barber Surgeons↗