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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Phylogenetic analysis of Bambusa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) based on internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA.

Phylogenetic analyses of Bambusa species were performed using internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The 21 species sampled included members of Bambusa (sensu stricto), Dendrocalamopsis, Dendrocalamus, Guadua, Leleba, and Lingnania. Arundinaria gigantea was used as an outgroup. Using the maximum parsimony method with PAUP*, gaps were treated as missing states or new states. Parsimonious analysis revealed that Dendrocalamus latiflorus was closely related to the members of Dendrocalamopsis. Dendrocalamus membranaceus was a sister species to Dendrocalamus strictus. Three Dendrocalamus species were closely related to and nested in a polyphyletic Bambusa. Bambusa subaequalis was a sister species to B. multiplex, B. emeiensis to B. chungii, B. contracta to B. hainanensis, and B. flexuosa was a sister species to B. sinospinosa, B. tuldoides, B. surrecta, B. intermedia, and B. valida group, which raised doubts about the monophyly of the subgenera Bambusa (sensu stricto), Dendrocalamopsis, Leleba, and Lingnania under the genus Bambusa.

Bambusa↗
PubMed2006

[Predation of Typhlodromus bambusae Ehara on Sehizotetranychus bambsae].

The simulation study under laboratory condition showed that the functional responses of Typhlodromus bambuse to Schizotetranychus bambuse at different development stages could be expressed by the curve of Holling Type II. The number of prey consumed by predator quickly increased with initial prey density, but soon leveled off. At 25 +/- 0.5 degrees C, the handling time (Th) of T. bambuse to S. bambusae at the stages of egg, larva, protonymph, deurtonymph and female was in order of egg<larva<protonymph<deurtonymph<female, and the selection coefficient (Q) of T. bambusae to S. banzbusae egg, larva, protonymph, deurtonymph and female adult was 1.47, 1.34, 1.16, 0.90 and 0.15, respectively. The numerical response of T. bambusae to S. bambusae revealed that the fecundity of the Phytoseiidae mite was significantly affected by the prey density. When the ratio of predator to prey was 1: 1-9, the daily oviposition of the predator varied from 0.5 to 2.0 eggs per female, which was increased with increasing prey density, while if the ratio was 1:15 or more, the daily oviposition decreased to about 1.8 eggs per female, which was probably due to the interference of high prey density to predation.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Antiinflammatory and antiulcer activities of Bambusa arundinacea.

The extracts of Bambusa arundinacea have been used in Indian folk medicine to treat various inflammatory conditions. The plant has got antiulcer activity also. It is thought that these two properties in the same extract are very much useful in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. It is well known fact that the most of the available antiinflammatory drugs are ulcerogenic. The antiinflammatory effect of the methanol extract of the leaves of Bambusa arundinacea against carrageenin-induced as well as immunologically induced paw oedema and also its antiulcer activity in albino rats have been studied and found to be significant when compared to the standard drugs. The combination of methanol extract and phenylbutazone (Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Agent, NSAIA) has been studied and found to be the most potent antiinflammatory activity experimentally with least toxic (no ulcerogenic) activity. Thus, the combination of herbal product (methanol extract of Bambusa arundinacea) with modern medicine (NSAIAs) will produce the best antiinflammatory drug and will be useful for long-term treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis with peptic ulcer, which are common.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Host plant suitability and reproductive isolation of two Schizotetranychus bambusae populations from the bamboo species Phyllostachys pubescens and Neosinocalamus affini].

Development, survivorship, reproduction and procreation isolation of Schizotetranychus bambusae from the bamboo species Phyllostachys pubescens and Neosinocalamus affinis reared on different host plants were evaluated in laboratory. The results showed that the population of S. bambusae from Phyllostachys pubescens (PhS) failed to complete its life cycle when reared on the leaf of N. affinis. When the population of S. bambusae from N. affinis (NeS) was reared on the leaf of P. pubescens, the survivorship and fecundity decreased. The rm, lambda and Ro were 0.0391, 1.0399 and 2.5542, respectively. At 27 degrees C, when the PhS was reared on P. pubescens, rm, lambda and Ro were 0.1415, 1.1520, and 15.6298, respectively, whereas NeS was reared on N. affinis, rm, lambda, and Ro were 0.0993, 1.1044, and 10.0622, respectively. Reciprocal cross test between PhS and NeS showed tht the two populations could mate, but laid unfertilized eggs that produced male only, indicating the existence of reproductive isolation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Effects of Bambusae concretio Salicea (Chunchukhwang) on amyloid beta-induced cell toxicity and antioxidative enzymes in cultured rat neuronal astrocytes.

Bambusae concretio Salicea (BCS; plant family name: Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold et Zuccarinii) is a medicinal plant used in Korea for the treatment of various symptoms accompanying hypertension and cerebrovascular disorders. Previously, it was shown that BCS is an effective protectant against oxidative glutamate toxicity in the murine neuroblastoma cells and human neuroblastoma cells. Treatment with BCS increased the secretion of the non-amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein fragment, and decreased the secretion of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides from neuronal cells [Jeong, J.C., Seo, Y.J., Kim, H.M., Lee, Y.C., Kim, C.H., 2003. Inhibitory effects of Bombusae concretio Salicea on neuronal secretion of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptides, a neuro-degenerative peptide. Neurochemical Research 28, 1785-1792.]. To further examine the pharmacological activity of BCS, we studied the protective effect of the water extracts on Abeta25-35 peptide-induced neuronal death by microscopic observation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and action on antioxidative enzymes using cultured astrocyte cells. Ten microM Abeta25-35-induced cell death was protected by the application of water extract of BCS in a dose-dependent manner, and concentrations of 1-10 microg/ml had a significant effect compared to exposure to Abeta25-35 only. When antioxidative enzyme activities such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were assayed after Abeta25-35 treatment, the enzymes were decreased in a similar fashion. However, those activities were enhanced by BCS treatment and this may have resulted from the potentiation of antioxidative ability by BCS. The ability of BCS to reduce cellular cytotoxicity induced by 10 microM Abeta25-35 suggests that BCS may be a protective agent for free radical generating compounds such as Abeta25-35, and that Abeta25-35 is not only a potent lipid peroxide inducer, but also causes changes in antioxidative enzymes. From the results, it was concluded that BCS has a protective effect on Abeta-induced neuronal death in cultured astrocyte cells through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protection of antioxidative enzymes.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Molecular cloning and functional identification of invertase isozymes from green bamboo Bambusa oldhamii.

Three Bo beta fruct cDNAs encoding acid invertases were cloned from shoots of the green bamboo Bambusa oldhamii. On the basis of the amino acid sequences of their products and phylogenetic analyses, Bo beta fruct1 and Bo beta fruct2 were determined to encode cell wall invertases, whereas Bo beta fruct3encodes a vacuolar invertase. The recombinant proteins encoded by Bo beta fruct2 and Bo beta fruct3 were produced in Pichia pastoris and purified to near homogeneity using ammonium sulfate fractionation and immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The pH optima, pI values, and substrate specificities of the isolated enzymes were consistent with those of plant cell wall or vacuolar invertases. The growth-dependent expression of Bo beta fruct1 and Bo beta fruct2 in the base regions of shoots underscores their roles in sucrose unloading and providing substrates for shoot growth. Its high sucrose affinity suggests that the Bo beta fruct2-encoded enzyme is important for maintaining the sucrose gradient between source and sink organs, while the predominant expression of Bo beta fruct3 in regions of active cell differentiation and expansion suggests functions in osmoregulation and cell enlargement.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Morphological and molecular characterization of Bambusa tulda with a note on flowering.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Flowering incidence in Bambusa tulda has a high socio-economic impact. The aim of the present study was to describe the species for morphological characters (vegetative and reproductive) as well as molecular markers in order to enable species identification at various stages of the life cycle. METHODS: Thirty-two key morphological characters (15 culm and 17 culm-sheath) were studied along with detailed inflorescence and floral characters. Incidence of sporadic flowering was recorded. Genomic DNA was isolated from leaves collected from 17 eco-geographical locations and RAPD profiles were generated. KEY RESULTS: The description of culm, culm-sheath, inflorescence and floral morphology are in agreement with the prior taxonomic description by Gamble in 1896, but in this communication a more detailed description and illustrations are presented. No seed set was recorded following sporadic flowering, probably due to prezygoting isolating mechanisms (herkogamy or protandry). All 17 populations surveyed generated identical RAPD profiles. CONCLUSIONS: Sporadic flowering may occur in B. tulda, but may not necessarily be followed by gregarious flowering, and does not result in seed production.

Bambusa↗
PubMed2006

Molecular characterization and expression of four cDNAs encoding sucrose synthase from green bamboo Bambusa oldhamii.

Bamboo is distinguished by its rapid growth. To investigate sucrose metabolism in this plant, we cloned the cDNAs encoding sucrose synthase (SuS) from Bambusa oldhamii and investigated their expression in growing shoots and leaves. Four cDNA clones, BoSus1, BoSus2, BoSus3 and BoSus4, were isolated by screening a cDNA library from etiolated bamboo shoots. Recombinant BoSuS proteins were produced in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and ultrafiltration. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine the abundance of the transcript of each gene. BoSus1 and BoSus3 may be duplicate or homeologous genes, the sequences of which show high identity. Similarly, BoSus2 shows high identity with BoSus4. Kinetic analysis showed that the two BoSuS isoforms of each type had similar michaelis constant (Km) values for sucrose, but different values for UDP. The four genes were expressed in various bamboo organs but were differentially regulated. The increase in the abundance of their mRNA paralleled the growth rate of the bamboo. The results suggest that, in bamboo, SuS is encoded by at least four genes, each with a specific role in providing substrates for the polysaccharide biosynthesis and/or energy production necessary to support the rapid growth of this species.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of microsatellites in Bambusa arundinacea and cross species amplification in other bamboos.

Microsatellites, tandem repeats of short nucleotide (1-6 bp) sequences, are the DNA marker of choice because of their highly polymorphic, ubiquitous distribution within genome, ease of genotyping through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), selectively neutral, co-dominant and multi allelic nature. Six microsatellites, three polymorphic and three monomorphic, have been characterized for the first time in a bamboo species, Bambusa arudinacea belonging to the family Poaceae. The number of alleles per locus ranges form 2 to 13. Allelic diversity ranges from 0.041 to 0.870. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values for two loci were > 0.3, an indicator of polymorphic allele. Cross species amplification has been tested in other 18 bamboo species. Monomorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been found to be cross amplified in most of the tested species while polymorphic ones in only three to four species. The utility of the SSR loci in genetic diversity study of B. arundinacea and other cross amplified bamboo species have been discussed.

Bambusa↗
PubMed1989

Antifertility effect of Bambusa arundinacea shoot extracts in male rats.

An ethanolic extract of Bambusa arundinacea tender shoots (BASE) caused a reduction in fertility of male rats. After administration of 300 mg/kg per day of BASE for 7 days, the fertility index decreased to 15% for control rats and to 23% after a 7-day recovery period, respectively. The number of cohabited females being successfully inseminated was reduced especially after 4 days of treatment. Complete recovery of mating behaviour was evident 8 days after BASE withdrawal. The number of spermatozoa in the caput and cauda epididymis were decreased concomitant with a decrease in the motility of spermatozoa collected from the cauda epididymis. The weights of testes, epididymides, vas deferens and prostate were also significantly decreased. The serum profile of protein and oxaloacetic/pyruvic transaminase activity show the extract to be relatively non-toxic.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2001

Cytochalasin D from Hypocrella bambusae.

Cytochalasin D which shows marked cytotoxic effects on multi-tumor cells was newly isolated at high content(5.28 mg/g, dry weight) from Fungus Hypocrella bambusae(B.et Br.) Sacc. Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Two-dimensional NMR techniques were applied to make complete assignment for the 1H- and 13C-NMR chemical shifts of this compound.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effect of bamboo shoot, Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. on thyroid status under conditions of varying iodine intake in rats.

Young shoots or sprouts of common bamboos are used as food in third world countries. Evidences suggest the presence of cyanogenic glucoside like anti-thyroidal substance in bamboo shoots (BS) but effect of prolonged BS consumption on thyroid status under conditions of varying iodine nutriture remains unexplored. The study was undertaken to evaluate goitrogenic content, in vitro anti thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity and in vivo anti thyroid potential of BS with and without extra iodide. Fresh BS contains high cyanogenic glucoside (551 mg/kg), followed by thiocyanate (24mg/kg) and glucosinolate (9.57mg/kg). In vitro inhibition in TPO activity was found with raw, raw boiled and cooked extracts. Inhibition constant (IC50) and PTU equivalence of fresh BS were 27.5+/-0.77 microg and 3.27 respectively. Extra iodide in the incubation media reduced TPO inhibition induced by BS but could not cancel it. Thyroid weight, TPO activity and total serum thyroid hormone levels of BS fed animals for 45 and 90 days respectively were determined and compared with controls. Significant increase in thyroid weight as well as higher excretion of thiocyanate and iodine along with marked decrease in thyroid peroxidase activity, T4 and T3 levels were observed in BS fed group. Chronic BS consumption gradually developed a state of hypothyroidism. Extra iodide had reduced the anti-thyroidal effect of BS to an extent but could not cancel it because of excessive cyanogenic glucoside, glucosinolate and thiocyanate present in it.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Population dynamics of phytophagous and predatory mites (Acari: Tetranychidae, Eriophyidae, Phytoseiidae) on bamboo plants in Fujian, China.

The seasonal cycle and population dynamics of Schizotetranychus nanjingensis Ma and Yuan, Aponychus corpuzae Rimando (Tetranychidae), Aculus hambusae Kuang (Eriophyidae) and their natural enemy Tvphlodromus bambusae Ehara (Phytoseiidae) were studied during 1996-1998 in moso bamboo forests in Nanping, Fujian, China. Damage to bamboo leaves was often caused by mixed populations of the three phytophagous species, which displayed different seasonal dynamics: S. nanjingensis fed actively and reproduced in May and from late July to late October (aestivating from June to mid July), Ap. corpuzae was active and reproduced from mid July to late November, and Ac. bambusae from July to next February. During Spring S. nanjingensis was the dominant species with the greatest niche width, but in Summer Ac. bambusae and Ap. corpuzae became dominant and had greater niche widths. In Autumn, Ac. bambusae decreased but both S. nanjingensis and Ap. corpuzae mites increased and the latter became dominant. In winter all species decreased sharply in number. The two spider mite species (S. nanjingensis and Ap. corpuzae) had high niche overlaps in all four seasons. Niche overlaps between the eriophyid Ac. bambusae and the two spider mites were similarly high except during the spring when Ac. bambusae was absent. The predatory mite (T. bambusae) had higher niche overlap with Ap. corpuzae than with others during Autumn and Winter, but during Spring and Summer niche overlap was higher with S. nanjingensis.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Bioreclamation of coalmine overburden dumps--with special empasis on micronutrients and heavy metals accumulation in tree species.

Major environmental impacts of opencast mining are degradation of landscape and aesthetics of the area by creating huge overburden dumps and deep voids at the mining sites. These overburden dumps are characterised by high rock fragment contents, low moisture retention capacity, higher bulk density, low nutrients, lower pH and elevated metal concentrations. Overburden dumps are reclaimed by tree species for stabilising as well as pollution control and overall improvement of the visual aesthetics. A field study was carried out in the old reclaimed coal mine overburden dumps at KD Heslong project, Central Coalfields, India to study the physico-chemical changes in the reclaimed overburden dumps and determines the magnitude of trace elements accumulation in the planted tree species. Total, bioavailable and acid extractable trace metals concentration in minesoils of overburden dump and topsoil in the mining areas was compared with undisturbed soil. The study showed that tree plantation improves the moisture contents, bulk density, pH and overall nutrient contents of minesoils. The study revealed that lower pH in the minesoils increases the bioavailabity of metals but concentration were found within toxic limits. However, ratio between total and bioavailable metals was found lower in overburden dumps than topsoil due to low pH and lack of organic matter. Out of six tree species studied, Bambusa shows highest accumulation of Fe and Cr. Bioaccumulation coefficient for Cr and Zn was found 74 times in Bambusa and 83 times in Dalbergia sissoo. The results of the study underscore the need for close monitoring of trace elements in reclaimed overburden dumps. Tree species like Dalbergia sissoo, Eucalyptus, Cassia seamea, Acaccia mangium and Peltaphorum were found to be the best species for bioreclamation of overburden dumps.

Coal Mining↗