Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Baltimore”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Ecology of Capillaria hepatica (Bancroft 1893) (Nematoda). 1; Dynamics of infection among Norway rat populations of the Baltimore Zoo, Baltimore, Maryland.

Seventy-five per cent of 845 Norway rats examined in the Baltimore Zoo for Capillaria hepatica were infected. Nearly all adult rats and 65% of juveniles were infected. Only 8% of 299 infected rats were heavily infected. The prevalence and intensity of infection increased with the size of the host. There were no seasonal differences in infection rates among adults, but juveniles collected during spring had higher infection rates than those collected during winter. Prevalence of C. hepatica infection varied from one place to another. No correlation between infection rate, vegetative cover, soil type, monthly rainfall, mean daily temperature, or food habits of rats was found. The dynamics of rat populations are perhaps the most important factors in the maintenance and dynamics of C. hepatica infections. Rapid population turnover contributes to the rapid release of a great number of eggs into the environment and high recruitment rates provide sufficient numbers of susceptible hosts for the parasite to complete its cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Defective alpha-polymerization in the conversion of fibrinogen Baltimore to fibrin.

The subunit structure of fibrinogen Baltimore and fibrin formed from this inherited dysfibrinogenemia was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The molecular weights of the alpha-, b- and gamma-chains of fibrinogen Baltimore were found to be identical to those of normal fibrinogen. Noncross-linked fibrin formed from both purified fibrinogen Baltimore as well as normal fibrinogen contained two alpha-monomers (alpha1 and alpha2). alpha2 was presumed to be alpha-monomer from which fibrinopeptide A had been released. The evolution of alpha2 during clotting of fibrinogen Baltimore was delayed and appeared to be quantitatively reduced when compared to normal. Crosslinked fibrin formed from fibrinogen Baltimore possessed an abnormal subunit structure. alpha-polymers were not generated in thrombin-induced, factor XIII-rich clots of fibrinogen Baltimore under conditions of pH and calcium concentration suitable for complete alpha-polymerization in normal fibrin. If clotting was carried out with calcium concentrations twice that required for normal clots or at pH 6.4, fibrin from fibrinogen Baltimore was completely cross-linked. These structural analyses of fibrin formed from fibrinogen Baltimore substantiate earlier findings that indicate a defect in the alpha-chain of this dysfibrinogenemia.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
PubMed2000

Modeling the epidemiology and economics of directly observed therapy in Baltimore.

SETTING: From 1958 to 1978, Baltimore maintained one of the highest pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) rates in the US. But, from 1978 to 1992 its TB rate declined by 64.3% and its ranking for TB fell from second highest among large US cites to twenty-eighth. This TB trend coincided with the implementation of an aggressive directly observed therapy (DOT) program by Baltimore's Health Department. OBJECTIVES: We used modeling to estimate the range of TB cases prevented in Baltimore under DOT. Case estimates equal the difference between the observed number of TB cases in Baltimore versus the expected number if Baltimore's TB trend was replaced by the TB trend for the US (low estimate) or the TB trend for all US cities with over 250,000 residents (high estimate). Economic savings are estimated. RESULTS: Without DOT we estimate there would have been between 1,577 (53.6%) and 2,233 (75.9%) more TB cases in Baltimore, costing $18.8 million to $27.1 million. Cases prevented and expenditures saved increased with increased DOT participation. CONCLUSION: Our model predicts that Baltimore's TB decline accompanying DOT resulted in health care savings equal to twice the city's total TB control budget for this period. These results are most plausibly due to DOT, since it was the only major change in Baltimore's TB control program, and rising TB risk factors-AIDS, injection drug use, poverty-in a city where TB had been epidemic should have triggered a TB increase as in comparable US cities, rather than the observed decline. As national TB rates continue to decline it will be important to identify ways to capture and reinvest these savings to support effective TB control programs.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1969

Chromatographic, ultracentrifugal, and related studies of fibrinogen "Baltimore".

Chromatographic, ultracentrifugal, and related studies of the fibrinogen of a patient with a congenital disorder of fibrinogen (fibrinogen "Baltimore" have provided evidence of structural differences from normal.Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose (DEAE-cellulose) gradient elution chromatography demonstrated two major peaks in the elution pattern of fibrinogen Baltimore as was the case for normal fibrinogen. However, the first peak of fibrinogen Baltimore was somewhat broader and more symmetrical and was eluted significantly later in the chromatogram than the corresponding peak of normal fibrinogen. Additionally, in some elution patterns, a shoulder on the ascending limb of peak 1 was present, suggesting the presence of chromatographically "normal" fibrinogen. Thrombin time determinations of eluted column fractions from a chromatogram of propositus fibrinogen supported this conclusion by demonstrating that fibrinogen from the ascending portion of peak 1 behaved functionally more like normal than that later in the chromatogram. Chromatograms of mixtures of propositus and normal fibrinogen confirmed the ability of this technique to distinguish normal from Baltimore fibrinogen. Chromatograms of fibrinogen isolated from two affected daughters displayed the characteristic increased anionic binding of peak 1 fibrinogen. Sedimentation velocity experiments indicated that the S(o) (20, [unk]) of fibrinogen Baltimore was slightly greater (8.13S vs. 7.85S) than that of normal fraction I-4. Differences in concentration dependence (- 0.65 c vs. - 1.30 c for normal) of the sedimentation coefficient could be attributable in part to spatial conformational differences. Molecular sieving experiments in acrylamide gels indicated that the molecular weight of propositus fraction I-2 was about the same as that of normal fibrinogen of comparable solubility (i.e. I-4, mol wt 325,000). Studies of the UV spectra, tyrosine/tryptophan ratios, sialic acid and hexose content, and N-terminal amino acids demonstrated no consistent significant differences from normal fraction I-4.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2000

Invasive pneumococcal infection in Baltimore, Md: implications for immunization policy.

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality. Although blacks are known to have a higher incidence of invasive pneumococcal infection than whites, detailed analyses of these differences and their implications for vaccine prevention have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of invasive pneumococcal infection in Baltimore, Md, and its implications for immunization policy. METHODS: Analysis of active, laboratory-based surveillance during 1995 and 1996 among residents of the Baltimore metropolitan area. RESULTS: Of 1412 cases, 615 patients (43.6%) were classified as white and 766 (54.2%) as black. The annual incidence of invasive pneumococcal infection among white and black residents of the Baltimore metropolitan area was 17.8 and 59.2 per 100000 population, respectively (P<.01). Among patients aged 18 years and older, the median age of blacks with invasive pneumococcal infections was 27 years younger than that of whites (P<.01). Among males 40 to 49 years old, blacks had a 12-fold higher average incidence than whites (average incidence, 114.5 and 9.3, respectively; P<.01). By the age of 65 years, 83.8% of cases had occurred in black adults, as compared with 43.8% in white adults (P<.01). In a regression model, age, black race, male sex, low median family income, and county prevalence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were each independently associated with a higher incidence of pneumococcal infection. CONCLUSIONS: Young urban black adults in the Baltimore metropolitan area have a dramatically higher incidence of invasive pneumococcal infection than whites. The vast majority of cases of invasive pneumococcal infection in blacks occur before age 65 years. Current immunization efforts have not addressed the high incidence of pneumococcal infection in this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Infection with human T lymphotropic virus types I and II in sexually transmitted disease clinics in Baltimore and New Orleans.

Patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Baltimore (n = 4880) and New Orleans (n = 1054) were surveyed in 1987 to estimate the prevalence of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-I/II infection. In Baltimore, 0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-1.1) were HTLV-I/II-seropositive and 4.9% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-positive. In New Orleans, 1.8% (CI, 1.2-2.9) of sera were HTLV-I/II-seropositive and 5.1% were HIV-1-seropositive. In both cities, HTLV-I/II prevalence increased significantly with age, and the New Orleans age- and sex-adjusted HTLV-I/II prevalence was significantly higher than that of Baltimore (P less than .001). In Baltimore, almost all HTLV-I/II seropositivity was associated with a history of parenteral drug use or sexual contact with partners who were drug users or male homosexuals. In addition, individuals in both cities who were seropositive for HIV-1 or syphilis were significantly more likely to be HTLV-I/II-seropositive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Sexually transmitted diseases in patients attending a Baltimore tuberculosis clinic. Assessment of use of multiple categoric services.

BACKGROUND: Recent increases in the incidence of tuberculosis and syphilis have occurred disproportionately in young heterosexuals of low socioeconomic status. The authors hypothesized that an overlap of tuberculosis and sexually transmitted disease clinic populations potentially could result in inefficient use of limited public health resources. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study to determine the coinfection rate of syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases in patients seen for evaluation at the Baltimore City Tuberculosis Clinic, Baltimore, Maryland. The authors determined the sexually transmitted disease clinic utilization patterns of this patient population. RESULTS: For patients referred to the tuberculosis clinic, 9.0% had a history of syphilis and 13.6% had at least one documented visit at a Baltimore City sexually transmitted disease clinic. Blacks presenting to the tuberculosis clinic were more likely to have previously diagnosed syphilis (13.6%) and to have had visited the sexually transmitted disease clinics (16.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In Baltimore, the patient population of tuberculosis clinics overlaps with those at the public sexually transmitted disease clinics. Thus, cross screening for syphilis and tuberculosis at urban clinics would be an important mechanism for identifying new cases of disease and increasing the efficiency of the public health system.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Increased HIV/AIDS mortality among residents aged 25-44 years--Baltimore, Maryland, 1987-1989.

From 1987 through 1989, overall mortality among Baltimore residents aged 25-44 years increased from 380.7 deaths per 100,000 residents to 452.6 deaths per 100,000, reflecting the substantial impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To better characterize this increase in mortality, the Baltimore City Health Department analyzed information on death certificates from the Baltimore City Bureau of Vital Statistics for persons aged 25-44 years for 1987-1989. This report summarizes the analysis and characterizes HIV-infection/AIDS-related deaths among residents of Baltimore in this age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Baltimore City Health Department: 200 years of progress and partnership.

The Baltimore City Health Department began its long history of protecting the health of Baltimore citizens in 1793. An outbreak of yellow fever in Fells Point on the northwest branch of the Patapsco River was the impetus for the governor's appointment of the first two health officers. Since that time, the health department has worked closely with the medical community to promote education and preventive measures (e.g., sewer systems, water chlorination, food inspection) in order to stop the spread of communicable diseases. For 200 years, the Baltimore City Health Department has provided "the advocacy and leadership necessary to ensure the protection and promotion of the health of Baltimore's citizens."

Baltimore↗