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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. VI. The correlation between urinary and faecal Escherichia coli. Relation to the duration of the bacteriuria and the sampling technique.

The occurrence of the urinary strain in the anus, rectum and faeces was investigated in 27 girls with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). In patients with bacteriuria of relatively short duration 46% of the faecal isolates were of the urinary strain as compared to only 18% in patients with bacteriuria of relatively long duration. In general the correlation between the urinary and faecal flora is striking at the time of establishment of ABU but diminishes with time. The diminished correlation may be due to two factors: firstly, the composition of the faecal flora changes with time. Secondly, the correlation may be obscured by complex changes in the properties of bacterial strains established in the urinary tract. Contamination by the infected urine did not seem to be a serious problem when the rectal mucosa was swabbed proximal to the anal canal.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1977

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. VII. A follow-up study of the urinary tract in treated and untreated schoolgirls with asymptomatic bacteriuria.

The urinary tracts of 116 schoolgirls with asymptomatic bacteriuria detected at screening were investigated by excretory urography and micturition cystourethrography. Three years later the studies were repeated in 11 patients with scarred kidneys, 11 patients with unscarred kidneys plus reflux, and 14 untreated patients with radiologically normal urinary tracts. Exceptionally small scarred kidneys showed little growth. Unscarred kidneys with vesico-ureteral reflux exhibited normal growth, as did unscarred kidneys in untreated patients. The risk of kidney damage developing as a result of asymptomatic bacteriuria in a schoolgirl with a radiologically normal urinary tract seems to be small.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Polymicrobic bacteriuria: significant association with bacteremia.

Current clinical practice states that a urine culture yielding three or more isolates must be considered a contaminated specimen and discarded. The validity of this practice was tested by reviewing all patients at the West Haven Veterans Administration Hospital with positive blood cultures for 1 year to determine how many were associated with polymicrobic bacteriuria (two or more urine isolates each present at greater than 10(5) colonies/ml). During 1973 there were 18 patients who had bacteremia associated with a urinary tract infection in which the same organism with the identical antibiogram was found in both the blood and the urine of these 18 patients with monomicrobic bacteremia 11(61%) had polymicrobic bacteriuria, with a mean of an additional 1.75 urinary pathogens present in significant quantities. In these patients with polymicrobic bacteriuria, an indwelling bladder catheter was present for a mean period of 4.4 months before the episode of bacteremia. Only 5 of the 11 patients with polymicrobic bacteriuria had temporally associated urinary tract manipulation. Monomicrobic bacteriuria occurred in seven patients (39%). The mean indwelling bladder catheter time was 0.9 days, and urinary tract manipulation near the time of bacteremia occurred in all seven patients. Prospectively, nine other patients with polymicrobic bacteriuria were recultured by one of us to be certain that appropriate collection and transportation methods were used; the presence of polymicrobic bacteriuria was repeatedly demonstrated in 7(78%). This study illustrates the clinical importance of polymicrobic bacteriuria.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Clinical evaluation of commercial reagent strips for detection of significant bacteriuria in dogs and cats.

The reagent strip technique of quantitative urine culture was a satisfactory screening test for the detection of significant bacteriuria in dogs and cats. The reagent strip technique was found to be of almost equal sensitivity as the calibrated loop technique in identifying significant bacteriuria. Significant bacteriuria was detected in 38 of 148 urine samples evaluated by the calibrated loop technique. Of these 38 urine samples, significant bacteriuria was detected in 35 by the commercial test. False-negative results were obtained with reagent strips in 1 urine sample which had significant bacteriuria by the calibrated loop technique. The other 2 samples had bacterial counts of suspicious significance (10,000/ml of urine) by the reagent strip technique. False-positive results were obtained with the reagent strip technique in 3 urine samples; however, all 3 urine samples had bacterial counts (10,000/ml of urine) of suspicious significance when evaluated by the calibrated loop technique. The reagent strip technique was not satisfactory for the examination of patients with gross hematuria. The nitrite test portion of the commercial test did not detect significant bacteriuria in all samples and, therefore, was not suitable as a screening test for significant bacteriuria in dogs and cats. The nitrite test may have been inhibited by ascorbic acid, a metabolite which normally may exist in the urine of these animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Bacteriuria in a population-based cohort of women.

A survey for bacteriuria was conducted in a community-wide, unselected population of women 16--69 years old. The overall prevalence of bacteriuria was 3.5%. The prevalence of bacteriuria increased with age with a linear trend, but with a significant nonlinear component as well. Bacteriuria was associated with parity after correction for the effects of age. Current symptoms of dysuria and a history of previous urinary tract infection were slightly but significantly more common in women with bacteriuria. The population described should serve as an adequate base for continuing studies of the possible consequences of bacteriuria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Significant bacteriuria among the mentally retarded. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity of isolates.

A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of significant bacteriuria in a mentally retarded population. With 100,000 or more bacteria per ml. of urine used as a criterion for significant bacteriuria, 24 of 665 persons studied were considered to have significant bacteriuria for an overall prevalence rate of 3.6%. Seventeen of the 24 positive urine cultures were either from clean catch or catheter specimens. All patients undergoing catheterization were found to have significant bacteriuria. The individual prevalence rates of significant bacteriuria for males and females were 1.7 and 5.6 respectively. In females, an increasing prevalence of bacteriuria was found primarily in the 55-64 age group. The predominant bacteria isolated from bacteriuric patients were gram-negative bacilli, Escherichia coli, being isolated in 50% of all positive cultures. Antiobiotic sensitivity patterns of the isolates indicated a high degree of in vitro resistance to both ampicillin and cephalothin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The association between Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and bacteriuria.

The relationship between Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and bacteriuria was studied over a five year period in three hospitals. In a Veterans Administration Hospital, 59 patients with Staph, aureus bacteremia had a urine culture within 48 hours of a positive blood culture. In 16 of 59 (27 per cent), greater than 10(5) Staph. aureus was recovered from the urine in pure culture. Six of these patients had apparent primary staphylococcal urinary tract infection. Clinical and laboratory parameters in the patients with staphylococcal bacteremia and bacteriuria were compared with those in 31 patients with staphylococcal bacteremia and sterile urine cultures. The two groups differed only in the more frequent occurrence of pyuria and proteinuria in the bacteriuric patients. In two other hospitals, staphylococcal bacteriuria occurred in 7 per cent of patients with Staph. aureus bacteremia and in 13 per cent of cases of staphylococcal endocarditis. Review of autopsy records for 33 patients who died within one month of their bacteremia failed to show a correlation between bacteriuria and the presence of renal abscess. Staphylococcal bacteriuria is a frequent and unexplained concomitant of Staph. aureus bactremia.

Abscess↗
PubMed1976

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: antibody-coated bacteria, renal function, and intrauterine growth retardation.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (greater than 100,000 microorganisms per milliliter) was found in 70 of 1,400 pregnant women without symptoms referable to the urinary tract (five per cent). With the fluorescent antibody (FA) tests, antibody-coated bacteria were demonstrated in specimens from 35 patients (50 per cent), indicating silent renal bacteriuria. Although confirmation by direct localization methods was not feasible in this group of patients, indirect evidence of renal function impairment associated with the presence of antibody-coated bacteria was suggested by results of the serum creatinine and creatinine clearance tests. The outcome of the pregnancy was compared for patients with bacteriuria (FA-negative or FA-positive tests). An association between the presence of asymptomatic renal bacteriuria and intrauterine growth retardation was noted. Thus, the patient with asymptomatic bacteriuria and a positive FA test is at greater risk of delivering an intrauterine growth-retarded infant.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1979

Natural history of bacteriuria in schoolgirls. A long-term case-control study.

To define better the natural history of bacteriuria in females, we followed 60 schoolgirls with bacteriuria and 38 matched controls for periods ranging from nine to 18 years. Among the schoolgirls with bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms per milliliter in two or more consecutive cultures), reflux was repaired in five, nephrectomy was performed in two, and reduced inulin clearance was noted in one subject with atrophic pyelonephritis. Serum creatinine was slightly higher in cases than in controls. Renal scars or caliectasis occurred in 16 cases but in none of the controls. Blood pressure was similar in both groups. Episodes of bacteriuria in cases and controls were, respectively: five or more episodes, 21.7 and 2.6 per cent; and episodes during pregnancy, 63.8 and 26.7 per cent. Seven children of the cases but none of the children of controls showed urinary-tract infections. Bacteriuria among schoolgirls defines a group at great risk of recurrent symptomatic infections and renal scars and at low risk of reduced renal function.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Significance of diuresis-provoked bacteriuria.

Of 52 clinically healthy, ambulant elderly subjects with urine that was sterile or contained less than 0.2 X 10(5) bacteria/ml before diureisi, 11 (21.2%) responded to oral water loading and intravenous treatment with furosemide with a bacterial excretion rate of greater than 2.4 X 10(5)/min. Subjects with bacteriuria had decreased blood pressure, rate of creatinine clearance, maximal level of urinary creatinine, and maximal urinary flow. Twenty-nine of the nonbacteriuric and eight of the subjects who developed bacteriuria after diuresis were retested one to two years later. No subject had received antibacterial agents in the interim. The infections of four of the original subjects who had developed bacteriuria had cleared up and showed functional improvement. The remaining four subjects who had developed bacteriuria during the first study and three subjects who had been nonbacteriuric during the first study had concentrations of bacteria ranging from 0.05 X 10(5) to 1.80 X 10(5)/ml before diuresis in the second study, and excreted increasing numbers of bacteria (from 0.12 X 10(5) to 9.0 X 10(5)/min) in response to the diuretic loading. Two of the subjects who were bacteriuric in both surveys were infected with different bacteria during the two studies. The data show the high frequency of occult bacteriuria in ostensibly healthy elderly patients that is revealed only by forced diuresis, the detectable functional deficits, the improvement after clearing of the infections, and the rapid turnover between infected and clear periods.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Antimicrobial prophylaxis for catheter-associated bacteriuria.

We evaluated short-term systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis for catheter-associated bacteriuria in women undergoing elective gynecological operations in a prospective, controlled, double-masked study. Nine of 100 placebo-treated patients acquired bacteriuria during catheterization compared with 3 of 96 of the drug-treated group. However, at the time of hospital discharge, clean-voided urine specimens were positive as frequently in the drug-treated group (8 of 82 patients cultured) as in the placebo group (8 of 75 patients cultured). No difference in febrile morbidity due to bacteriuria was noted between the prophylaxis and placebo groups. The incidence of catheter-associated bacteriuria may be reduced by antimicrobial prophylaxis. However, because the protective effect is transient and is associated with the selection of resistant organisms, prophylaxis is not indicated for patients at low risk for acquired bacteriuria and in whom the sequelae of catheter-associated infections are infrequent.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1977

Bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in pregnancy.

The incidence of bacteriuria among 300 pregnant and 100 married, non-pregnant women (control group) were studied. Clean voided mid-stream urine were collected aseptically. Significant bacteriuria was noted 15 (5%) cases among the pregnant women. Of these, only 4 had symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection. In the control group, only one significant bacteriuria case was detected. Seven different types of microorganisms were isolated from the cases showing significant bacteriuria. The predominant organisms were Esch. coli and Kleb. pneumoniae. No distinct correlation between bacteriuria and pyuria was observed. The results have been discussed.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1975

Detection of bacteriuria in pediatric outpatients. A new culture device.

Urine samples from 1,003 pediatric patients were examined for bacteriuria with a culture-nitrite strip test, along with microscopic assessment of pyruia and conventional chemical analysis. The latter two methods proved of little value in reliably detecting or excluding substantial bacteriuria. An overall prevalence of 5.2% was shown. Using Microstix Reagent Strips, 92 urine samples with substantial colony counts were detected. Subculture from the strips disclosed that 52 of these involved single pathogens, interpreted as true bacteriuria. When Microstix growth results were compared with the calibrated loop method on 108 randomly selected specimens, the strip gave only two false negatives and one false positive. Bacteriuria screening should be done in high-risk groups and in asymptomatic children as part of the health evaluation. The index of suspicion should be higher in girls, and reliable interpretation of culture results requires attention to proper specimen collection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Bacteriuria in the puerperium: an evaluation of methods for collecting urine specimens.

Five hundred and eighteen puerperal patients were screened for bacteriuria by examination of clean-catch, midstream urine specimens using the dip-slide cultivation technique. Bladder urine from 105 patients showing 10(4) or more bacteria per milliliter of midstrean urine was obtained by suprapubic bladder aspiration and cultivated, along with two consecutive midstream specimens. The bacteriologic results in these specimen categories are compared. Of 23 patients showing growth in the midstream samples compatible with a true bacteriuria, 18 had sterile puncture urine specimens. Consecutive contaminated midstream specimens from the same patient usually yielded growth of the same bacterial species. It is concluded that a diagnosis of bacteriuria in the puerperium cannot be based upon cultural results of midstream specimens alone. In several of the bladder urine specimens, microogranisms being nonpathogenic in the urinary tract and residing normally in the vaginal flora were found, probably due to the traumatic effect of partus. In Oslo the frequency of bacteriuria among women post partum is estimated at a maximum of 1 per cent.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1976

Evaluation of an adenosine 5'-triphosphate assay as a screening method to detect significant bacteriuria.

The bioluminescent reaction of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) with luciferin and luciferase has been used in conjunction with a sensitive photometer (Lab-Line's ATP photometer) to detect significant bacteriuria in urine. This rapid method of screening urine specimens for bacteriuria was evaluated by using 348 urine specimens submitted to the clinical microbiology laboratory at the University of Minnesota Hospitals for routine culture using the calibrated loop-streak plate method. There was 89.4% agreement between the culture method and the ATP assay, with 7.0% false positive and 27.0% false negative results from the ATP assay using 10(5) organisms/ml of urine or greater as positive for significant bacteriuria and less than 10(5) organisms/ml as negative for significant bacteriuria.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗