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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Bacteriology of infectious disease in otorhinolaryngology (1). Bacteriological study of paranasal cyst].

The bacteriology of chronic sinusitis has been reported in several studies, but there have been few bacteriological studies on paranasal cyst. Also, details of the techniques of transportation and processing of clinical specimens have only rarely been described. Therefore, this study was undertaken with attention to the above, and to obtain information on appropriate antimicrobial therapy, we conducted a dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test of isolates. Fifteen patients with paranasal cyst participated in this study. Their lesions were frontal sinus (3), ethmoid sinus (2), sphenoid sinus (2) and maxillary sinus (8). We punctured the cyst using an 18-gauge needle attached to a syringe at the time of operation, and paranasal cyst effusions were promptly transported to the laboratory. The specimen was immediately inoculated under a set of aerobic and prereduced anaerobic plates, which were incubated in appropriate conditions. Most specimens were completely processed within one hour. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates was done with MIC panel by the Sceptor system. Positive results of bacterial cultures were found in 60% of all cases (all of the frontal sinus specimens and half of those with other lesions). A total of 38 bacteria, including 24 anaerobic and 14 aerobic species, were isolated from 9 paranasal cysts, yielding an average of 4.2 species per positive case (2.9 anaerobes and 1.3 aerobes). Monomicrobial flora were found, anaerobes only in 2 cases and aerobes only in 2 others. Mixed flora were found in 5 cases in which both anaerobes and aerobes were isolated. The bacterial concentration in the maximal case was 4.9 x 10(4) CFU/ml. The organisms most frequently isolated were Propionibacterium spp. (7), Peptostreptococcus spp. (7), Staphylococcus spp. (7), Prevotella spp. (5) and Streptococcus spp. (4). On the basis of the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates in vitro, the use of Cephems, Clavulanic acid/Amoxicillin, Norfloxacin and Chloramphenicol proved to be clinically effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Bacteriological contamination of dialyzers. Clinical, bacteriological and scanning electron-microscopic evaluation of different dialysate mixing systems.

Membranes from Gambro Lundia Nova dialyzers were investigated for presence of bacteria after hemodialysis with centrally and peripherally mixed dialysate. Centrally mixed dialysate was found contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and bacterial cultures as well as electron scanning micrographs showed the presence of these bacteria on the dialysate side as well as on the blood side of membranes from dialyzers perfused with this dialysate during hemodialysis. No bacteria were found on membranes used with peripherally mixed dialysate, in which very few bacteria were found. Despite this the frequency of febrile episodes in patients submitted to hemodialysis with the two different dialysate mixing systems showed no significant difference in our material.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of an automated system in bacteriology. Application to bacteriological susceptibility tests].

Susceptibility tests have been compared between a new automated system and the reference method by agar diffusion. The COBAS-Micro apparatus for bacterial susceptibility tests is intended for rapid determinations with, normally, an incubation time of 5 h at 37 degrees C. Its is compatible with strains requiring greater than 18 h incubation. With this technique a large range of antibacterial substances (greater than 60) can be studied, in groups of fifteen. With the help of a computerized soft-ware, one growth-index:EPR (End Point Ratio) is calculated, in comparison with a standard, for each antibacterial agent tested and expressed in three categories: SIR. The findings are optimized according to the limits prescribed by the NCCLS. The reference method, by agar-diffusion, is as described by the Comité de l'Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie (CA-SFM). A total of 1,048 strains were tested by the two techniques: 518 Gram negative rods, 530 Gram positive cocci, with four common antibiotics. The percentages of agreement between the two groups were: 96% full agreement and minor discrepancy, 4% major and very major discrepancy. This automated system seems to be perfectly suitable for susceptibility testing in a routine laboratory, especially with strains isolated from ambulatory patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Nosocomial bronchopneumonia in the critically ill. Histologic and bacteriologic aspects.

To provide a comprehensive description of the histologic and bacteriologic characteristics of human nosocomial bronchopneumonia (BPN), the lungs of 83 critically ill patients decreased after a period of mechanical ventilation were examined in the immediate postmortem period. In addition, the accuracy of the protected minibronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technique in the diagnosis of nosocomial BPN was evaluated. In each patient, a surgical pneumonectomy was performed at the bedside within 30 min following death. Each pulmonary lobe was sampled and bacteriologically analyzed using semiquantitative cultures in 50 patients and quantitative cultures in 33 patients. The entire lung was histologically analyzed using 5 to 10 slices per lung segment. In 69 patients, the bacteriologic result of a protected mini-BAL performed within 48 h preceding death was compared with histologic and bacteriologic results of study of the lung tissue itself. Histologic lesions of BPN were found in 43 of the 83 lungs examined. These lesions were (1) severe in the majority of patients (confluent BPN, n = 23; lung abscess, n = 6), (2) preferentially found in dependent lung segments, (3) often associated with nonspecific alveolar damage, (4) associated with positive lung cultures in 65% of patients (53% with gram-negative bacteria), (5) polymicrobial in 28% of patients, (6) characterized by a lobar bacterial burden greater than 10(3) cfu/g in 32% of cases. Using semiquantitative bacteriologic analysis, the sensitivity and the specificity of the protected mini-BAL in the diagnosis of nosocomial BPN were found to be 70 and 69%, respectively. Protected mini-BAL identified 77% of causative microorganisms of BPN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1979

[Cell content and bacteriological findings in individual cow's milk samples].

Hundred thirty seven milk samples were investigated by the mastitis test "Sofia" after the "Breed" method for the assessment of cell content and by inoculation on 5% blood agar for bacteriological findings. A certain correlation between reaction degree and number of cell elements was established. The better expressed the test reaction the larger was the number of cell elements, but not always a full coverage was evident. A correlation existed between the number of cell elements and the bacteriological findings also. The stronger the reaction resp. the larger the number of cells, the more samples had positive bacteriological findings. The percentage of samples with positive bacteriological findings having a cell number of 500 thousand to 5 million cells per 1 cm3 of milk ranged within 70.83 to 96.30%, while for samples having a cell content above 5 million it was 100%. In the samples with positive reaction the bacteriological investigations established 38.48% staphylococci, 52.28% streptococci, and 10.74% various other microorganisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The bacteriology of cavitating pulmonary infections and empysema. Studies of transtracheal aspirates and pleural fluid.

A prospective study of bacteriology in 14 cases of cavitating pulmonary infections and empyema is reported. Bacteriologic results were based on transtracheal aspirates or pleural fluid. Appropriate anaerobic bacteriologic methods were employed. Anaerobic bacteria were recovered in 11 patients (79%); they were the only pathogens isolated in 6 patients. The predominant species were Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Bacteroides fragilis and Peptostreptococcus. Aerobic bacteria were present in 7 patients. The results indicate that anaerobes play a key role in most cases of cavitating pulmonary infections and empyema, and that proper culture of adequat specimens will generally establish the bacteriological diagnosis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Bacteriological nasal flora in newborns indicating health and/or development of infection.

During delivery, a fetus otherwise sterile during the intrauterine life, comes in contact with bacterial flora of the mother's birth canal, and then also with the ward personnel's skin and respiratory system flora. Due to the absence of competitive bacteriological flora, the nasal cavity is gradually colonized by microorganisms, especially those with a capacity of adhesion to epithelial cells of respiratory nasal mucosa. Bacteriological flora of the newborn's nasal flora was observed on days 1 and 3 postpartum, in an attempt to determine whether a finding of pathogenic bacterial flora in newborn's nasal mucosa indicates a localized infection only or points to the possible development of generalized infection. Bacteriological nasal flora was monitored in infants born by spontaneous delivery and in those born by cesarean section. In mothers of infants born by spontaneous delivery, bacteriological flora from the cervix uteri was investigated. Results of the study performed by usual methods revealed Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to prevail in the pathogenic flora. Gram-negative microorganisms were found to be good indicators of local infection of newborn's nasal mucosa, regardless of the absence of clinical symptoms.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1992

Bacteriology, drug stability and exchange of percutaneous delivery systems and antibacterial filters in long-term intrathecal infusion of opioid drugs and bupivacaine in "refractory" pain.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a basis for recommendations on the exchange of containers (syringes and cassettes) and antibacterial filters, and for choice of administration device in patients with "refractory" pain treated with long-term percutaneous intrathecal (IT) infusions of opioid (morphine or buprenorphine) and bupivacaine mixtures. DESIGN: Prospective, cohort, nonrandomized control trial-case series, with consecutive sample, no standard criterion, and cost-benefit analysis. SETTING: Tertiary care center, institutional practice as well as hospitalized and ambulatory care. PATIENTS: Eighty-nine (51 women and 38 men); 81 with malignant pain and 8 with benign "refractory" pain. INTERVENTIONS: (a) The chemical stability of the drugs in the containers during 30 days. (b) The results of bacteriologic culture of the residual volumes of the analgesic mixtures from used and reused (1-16 times) syringes (n = 135) and cassettes (n = 258), and of 5 ml of sterile isotonic saline filtered through the used Millipore filters (n = 149). The bacteriologic samples from the 89 patients were taken after 1-40 (median = 7), 1-86 (median = 20), and 5-78 (median = 31) days of IT treatment, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Chemical stability: buprenorphine and bupivacaine concentrations-liquid chromatography; morphine concentrations--gas chromatography. Bacteriologic cultures: standard laboratory procedures. The hypothesis (repeated use of the infusion systems and their exchange once a month does not significantly affect drug concentrations or increase the infection risk) was elaborated before data collection began. RESULTS: The bupivacaine-opioid mixtures were found to be chemically stable within 3-10% of the original doses up to 30 days. Seventeen cultures (from five syringes, six cassettes, and six filters) in 13 patients (having no signs of meningeal infection) were found to be colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (n = 4), coagulase negative staphylococci (n = 7), viridans streptococci (n = 3), Neisseria sp (n = 4), Corynebacterium sp (n = 4), Enterobacter sp (n = 2), Klebsiella sp (n = 3), gram-negative bacilli (n = 1), and yeasts (n = 2). The place of IT treatment, its duration, and patient-related infection risk factors (age; malignancy; diabetes; presence of a colostomy, pyelostomy, or indwelling urinary catheter; and the presence and location of infection foci) were not related to the results of the cultures. However, 9 of the 17 positive cultures came from patients with skin ulcers, a notable incidence. The positive cultures had no connection with the cultured item, its in-use duration, the number of times of reuse, the analgesic drugs used, their concentrations or the presence of preservatives (sodium metabisulfite and sodium edetate), or the antiseptic agent (70% ethanol or 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate) used during bacteriologic sampling. The bacterial growth was sparse in 14 and massive in 3 of the 17 positive cultures. One item (filter) from one patient with meningitis was sterile. CONCLUSIONS: In our population, exchange of the infusion systems when they are empty (within 1 month) and of the antibacterial filters once a month does not appear to affect the concentrations of, or increase the infection risk from, the opioid-bupivacaine mixtures. The risk of bacterial contamination/colonization of the syringes from syringe drivers does not seem to be higher than that of cassettes from external portable pumps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Bacteriological control of blood preservation, production of infusion solutions and dry human plasma under conditions of aseptic work and possible sources of their contamination].

In premises for blood conservation, production of dry human plasma and infusion solutions "notwithstanding the permanent measures for desinfection, new bacterial contamination occurs from time to time and whose source are the casings and material originating from non-sterile environment. Bacteriological control, which has primarily a preventive character, enables a due forecast for measures to be undertaken by the appropriate desinfection of the working surfaces and air, satisfactory conditions of aseptic work can be maintained. General hygiene should be paid attention to as well as mechanical cleansing of premises, avoidance of groups for lunch-time etc., since the treatment by desinfectors would not be sufficient for maintenance of aseptic working conditions. In order to prevent the transmission of bacterial contamination, premises for blood conservation should be strictly separated from other operations and also prevent the unnecessary movements of personnel through corridors. The results of the bacteriological control of the personnel show that greater attention should be paid to their health care since the workers there work in closed aseptic systems and thus avoid them as a bacteria transmittors in respect to danger of blood and dry human plasma contamination. It is also necessary to efficiently educate the personnel for work in aseptic conditions and also increase their elementary knowledge from bacteriology and hygiene. The bacterial skin-flora on the spot of donor's venepuncture also presents a certain danger for blood contamination. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the most optimal manner of skin desinfecate together with the most appropriate means having a fast bactericidal and fungicidal action. It would also be useful, on the basis of further test, to suggest certain standard for an allowed number of conditionally pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms which would be used by the instutions performing the blood transfusion and production of the intravenous solutions during their bacteriological controls.

Antisepsis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteriological safety of closed enteral nutrition delivery system.

One of the most commonly reported side effects of enteral tube feedings is diarrhea, at times attributed to the bacterial contamination of tube feedings. A closed enteral delivery system has recently been devised. It consists of a cardboard Tetrapack containing the sterile enteral nutrition formula and and independent sterile administration set; together these constitute a closed Tetrapack-administration set enteral delivery system. The bacteriological safety of this system was evaluated in vitro under controlled laboratory conditions in a series of studies. There was no or bacteriologically insignificant bacterial contamination of the enteral nutrition formula, even with repeated use of one administration set for multiple containers over 24 h. Bacteriological growth in the enteral nutrition formula was directly related to the duration of the hanging time of a Tetrapack container. No bacterial growth occurred with hanging times less than 18 h; insignificant bacterial growth occurred by 24 h. A progressive time-related increase in bacterial growth occurred between 24 and 48 h. Our data indicate that the newly developed closed Tetrapack-administration set enteral delivery system is, and will remain, bacteriologically sterile if each Tetrapack container is allowed to hang for no longer than 24 h.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bacteriologic control of total parenteral nutrition formulations at the Bellvitge Hospital].

Septic complications often lead to halting nutritional parenteral therapy. In general, the source of infection lies in the mixture, the connection and/or point of catheter insertion. The objective of this study is to show the need for bacteriological control throughout the parenteral nutrition process in order to assess the efficacy of the methods used, discover the source of infection and establish an in-house quality control. Different methods for bacteriological control of parenteral nutrition mixtures are studied and are compared with the method used at our hospital which is based on routine culture sampling after the mixture is prepared and before it is perfused, on repeating bacteriological control cultures and on performing bacteriological assessments of the catheter. In order to achieve this goal, 28.501 nutritional parenteral samples from 1,782 patients were studied. Only 185 (0.65%) samples were originally positive, and only 59 of them (0.21%) remained positive following a verification culture. Of the 6 culture-verified septic cases, 5 corresponded to Enterobacter cloacae and 1 to Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1990

[Bacteriological tests in periodontal practice].

The specificity, sensitivity and predictive value of bacteriological tests in periodontology are reviewed. It is stated that the bacteriological aim in periodontal therapy is the change of the subgingival flora in a facultative flora which is compatible with the host. Bacteriological tests can be used to identify indicator bacteria. It is discussed how a microscopical or a bacteriological identification test can support periodontal diagnoses and indication of periodontal therapy.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed1990

Bacteriological analysis of pyogenic infections of the brain.

Pyogenic infections of the brain are divided according to the anatomic structures they involve. Brain abscess and subdural empyema are the main phenomena. This retrospective study analyses case records of the Neurosurgical University Teaching Hospital at Münster from a bacteriological standpoint and compares them with other reports in the literature. Various kinds of bacteria depending on etiology and pathogenesis are described. It is found that with improved bacteriological techniques the number of anaerobic infections increases and, at the same time, the number of sterile empyema decreases. A significantly higher mortality of patients with sterile suppuration is also found. It must be assumed that insufficient bacteriological evaluation leads to faulty diagnoses and ineffective antibiotic therapy and that genuine sterile empyema is rare.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteriology of the chronically discharging middle ear.

Suitable bacteriological techniques revealed anaerobic bacteria in 38 (33%) of 114 chronically discharging middle ears. The genus Bacteroides was cultured from 25 ears. Aerobic bacteriology showed the predominance of staphylococci, facultative enteric gramnegative rods, diphtheroid bacilli and Pseudomonas species. Anaerobic bacterial cultures were always mixed with aerobic bacteria. 12 ears were culture-negative, and 9 of the 108 Gram-stained smers revealed no bacteria. No significant difference in bacteriology was noted between ears with or without local antimicrobial treatment, or between profusely draining or only moist ears. The ears with postoperative recurrent infection or with clinical suspicion of cholesteatoma grew anaerobes significantly more often, and were seldom sterile. Because anaerobic bacteria are frequently associated with chronic otitis media, their characteristics with regard to susceptibility to antimicrobials and to air must be remembered in the choice of therapy.

Bacteria↗