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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effect of natural antioxidants on antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in eye tissue of rabbits with chemical burns.

Chemical eye burns were accompanied by free radical oxidation of lipids and dysfunction of the antioxidant protection system. The decrease in antioxidant activity of blood plasma reflected a generalized type of these processes. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances increased in blood plasma from rabbits with eye burns. The severity of disturbances was maximum at the stage of trophic disorders. Combination therapy with antioxidants and standard pharmaceuticals effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation in eye tissue of experimental animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Chemical burns.

In chemical skin injuries, reduction of the time of exposure to the causative agent and recognition of systemic toxicity are necessary to lessen the severity of the insult, reduce morbidity, and maximize survival. During a 17-year period (1969 through 1985), 87 (2.1%) of the 4,212 burned patients admitted to the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research sustained chemical burns. Twelve of 87 patients died (13.8%). White phosphorous, the most common causative agent, produced cutaneous injury in 49 patients. Acids (13 patients), alkalies (ten patients), and organic solvents (five patients) were the other common causes of injury. Initial treatment consisted of water lavage. Later wound management was carried out with topical antibiotic therapy and excision and grafting as necessary. Systemic toxicity due to phenol, nitrate, and formate absorption occurred, as did acute tubular necrosis following copper sulfate treatment of white phosphorus burns. Inhalation injury occurred in five patients. A decrease in hospital stay for chemically injured patients was observed. To minimize chemical injury, clothing should be removed promptly and water lavage begun. Systemic toxicity and inhalation injury are rare but often severe and increase mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Surgical management of deep chemical burns of the eyelids].

Chemical burns of the eyelids are common, and this may lead to ocular damage. A direct insult of the eyes that result in permanent damage, is rare in facial burns. The majority of the chemical burns of eyelids are partial-thickness that heal spontaneously in 1 week. Whereas, 10 percent are full-thickness burns that require release of contractures and grafts. Wound contracture can cause ectropion of the eyelid, resulting in exposure keratitis, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, perforation, and even blindness. At our departments, thirteen patients with 28 chemical burns of eyelids of third-degree, were reviewed. The eyelids had burns wounds with granulation and necrotic tissue. All patients had severe cicatrical ectropion. The eyelids were released with incisions running along the eyelid margin, down to the orbicularis muscle, including the distal part of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, when necessary. To cover the resulting defects, we use generous full-thickness skin grafts, if available, for both the upper and lower eyelids. Rarely has a tarsorrhaphy been required, and properly constructed dressing provides satisfactory eyelid margin immobilization and conjunctival hygiene. Eighteen full-thickness grafts in 10 patients are reported 8 to 12 weeks after grafting. In seven eyelids, 3 patients developed ectropion and required reconstruction of the eyelids. Our series demonstrates that the early grafting of eyelid burns with full-thickness grafts, can prevent the development of recurrent cicatrical ectropion. Split-thickness grafting should be limited to cases where we can not find the hairless donor site for full-thickness skin grafts.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Chemical burns.

OBJECTIVES: To report a burn unit's experience with chemical burns and to discuss the fundamental principles in managing chemical burns. DESIGN: A chart review. SETTING: A burn centre at a major university-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-four patients with chemical burns, representing 2.6% of all burn admissions over an 8-year period at the Ross Tilley Regional Adult Burn Centre. Seventy-five percent of the burn injuries were work-related accidents. Chemicals involved included hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, black liquor, various lyes, potassium permanganate and phenol. RESULTS: Fourteen patients required excision and skin grafting. Complications were frequent and included ocular chemical contacts, wound infections, tendon exposures, toe amputation and systemic reactions from absorption of chemical. One patient died from a chemical scald burn to 98% of the body surface area. CONCLUSIONS: The key principles in the management of chemical burns include removal of the chemical, copious irrigation, limited use of antidotes, correct estimation of the extent of injury, identification of systemic toxicity, treatment of ocular contacts and management of chemical inhalation injury. Individualized treatment is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Overdose of tetracycline for pleurodesis leading to chemical burns of the pleura.

Chemical pleurodesis using tetracycline is an accepted and commonly employed treatment of pneumothorax and pleural effusions. We describe a case of chemical burn of the pleura in a ventilated 41-year-old who came to thoracotomy after 3 days of continuous intrapleural infusion of tetracycline at another hospital. To our knowledge this has not been previously reported although other adverse effects of this procedure are documented. We suggest that damage to the pleura and underlying lung may occur if excessive amounts of tetracycline are used in attempted pleurodesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Chemical burns of the oesophagus.

Chemical burns of the oesophagus caused by ingestion of corrosives present a difficult and potentially dangerous problem of management. Initial failure to recognize the seriousness of the injury and inexperience in the handling of the severer burn may result in consequences which are both life-threatening and life-long. Analysis of 95 patients who had ingested caustic substances is presented. Ninty-one sustained burns of the mouth, 39 of the hypopharynx or oesophagus, and 31 had laryngeal burns. Sixty-three were children of 15 years and under. Caustic soda, especially in children, was the most common substance ingested. Severe oesophageal strictures developed early in 17 patients and in a further 21 oesophageal stricturing occurred late. A protocol for the management of these patients is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Amniotic membrane transplantation with limbal stem cell transplantation as a combined procedure for corneal surface reconstruction after severe thermal or chemical burns].

BACKGROUND: Severe thermal and chemical burns may result in limbal deficiency leading to persistent epithelial defects, complete conjunctival epithelial ingrowth and vascularisation of the cornea. If sufficiently severe, these burns may lead to very significant visual impairment. Amniotic membrane transplantation with limbal transplantation has recently been proposed as a new method for corneal surface reconstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 14 patients (age 18-62 years, mean age 42 years) with limbal deficiency resulting from thermal ( n=1) or chemical burns ( n=13) underwent surgery. The corneal pannus was completely removed and the amniotic membrane was grafted onto the cornea. Limbal transplantation using autografts obtained from contralateral eyes was performed simultaneously in seven cases. Allografts from a donor were transplanted in seven cases with bilateral involvement. These patients received oral cyclosporin A postoperatively. The mean follow-up time was 18 months. RESULTS: In all cases of limbal autografts the corneal surface showed a complete and stable epithelialisation within a few weeks. Out of seven patients with limbal allografts three displayed recurrent epithelial defects in the long term. The initially semitransparent amniotic membrane became more translucent and biomicroscopically invisible within several months after surgery. There was an increase in visual acuity in most cases, limited mostly by irregular astigmatism due to the initial stromal loss. CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic membrane transplantation with limbal transplantation allows reconstruction ocular surfaces severely damaged by chemical or thermal burns. In most cases, however, additional surgical procedures such as lamellar or penetrating keratoplasty are required for adequate visual rehabilitation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

[Consequent use of the Aachen therapy concept after severe chemical burns of both eyes].

BACKGROUND: Severe chemical burn and its complications still are a serious threat to the afflicted eye, particularly in case of insufficient treatment. Rehabilitation of visual acuity can be achieved only in the minority of cases. PATIENT: We present a 49-year-old female patient, who suffered a severe chemical burn in both eyes by alcaline detergent. Visual acuity was OD 20/50, OS light perception. After directly started acute treatment as well as peritomy, peridectomy, tenon plasty and application of a PMMA contact lens a stabilization was achieved. Complete rehabilitation of visual acuity was gained by EDTA abrasion, excimer treatment, penetrating keratoplasty and cataract surgery. Last examination showed a visual acuity of 25/20 in both eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Even in severe chemical burn an optimal result can be achieved by using an adequate treatment conception. Immediate beginning of therapy is important as well as persistent and persevering application of the treatment. Repeated, if necessary daily, excisions of necrotic tissue associated with tenon plasty and application of a PMMA contact lens have special importance.

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed2004

Treatment of white phosphorus and other chemical burn injuries at one burn center over a 51-year period.

UNLABELLED: Chemical burn injury meets the criteria of the American Burn Association for treatment at a specialized burn facility. Over a 51-year period, we have treated 276 patients with chemical burn injury including 146 white phosphorus injuries. In this study, we compare incidence, cause and outcome of chemical burn injury over time and review the management of white phosphorus injuries. METHODS: Data for the period 1986-2000 was obtained by retrospective chart review. Data for the period 1950-1985 was obtained from previous studies and from retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Chemical burn injury comprised 2.1% of all admissions between 1969 and 1985, and 2.07% between 1986 and 2000. The mean body surface area involved was 19.5% in the first 19 years of the study compared with 8.6% over the last 15 years. Mortality increased from 5.4% between 1950 and 1968 to 13.8% between 1969 and 1985. Mortality from 1986 to 2000 was 0%. Hospital length of stay decreased from a mean of 90 days in the first 19 years of the study to a mean of 15 days in the most recent 15-year period. The chemical responsible for injury was white phosphorus in 146 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Over time, the proportion of burn center admissions caused by chemical injury is constant, while the average total burn size, full thickness burn size, length of stay and mortality have decreased. During peacetime, the chemicals responsible are similar to those seen in civilian burn centers. The experience of this center with burns caused by white phosphorus is unique and needs to be maintained for future conflicts.

Accidents, Occupational↗