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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

MDCT angiography of the pulmonary arteries: influence of body weight, body mass index, and scan length on arterial enhancement at different iodine flow rates.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether body weight, body mass index, and scan length influence arterial enhancement during CT angiography (CTA) of the pulmonary arteries at different iodine flow rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CTA examinations of the pulmonary arteries performed for routine clinical care of 120 patients between March and December 2003 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients had received either 120 mL of contrast medium with an iodine concentration of 300 mg I/mL (group A) or 90 mL of contrast medium with an iodine concentration of 400 mg I/mL (group B). The iodine dose was 36 g, and the injection rate was 4 mL/s in all examinations. The iodine flow rate was 1.2 g I/s in group A and 1.6 g I/s in group B. Arterial attenuation along the z-axis was measured per patient, and the influence of body weight, body mass index, and scan length on enhancement of the pulmonary arteries in the two groups was assessed. RESULTS: In group A and in group B, body weight and body mass index correlated significantly with mean enhancement along the z-axis (r = -0.35 and -0.26 for group A and -0.48 and -0.40 for group B). Scan length showed no correlation with pulmonary attenuation. Mean pulmonary artery enhancement was significantly higher in group B with a difference of 51 H compared with group A. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary artery attenuation in CTA of the pulmonary arteries shows a small but significant correlation with body weight and body mass index independently of the iodine flow rate used. A higher iodine flow rate improves pulmonary artery enhancement.

Angiography↗
PubMed2003

Loci on chromosomes 2, 4, 9, and 16 for body weight, body length, and adiposity identified in a genome scan of an F2 intercross between the 129P3/J and C57BL/6ByJ mouse strains.

Mice have proved to be a powerful model organism for understanding obesity in humans. Single gene mutants and genetically modified mice have been used to identify obesity genes, and the discovery of loci for polygenic forms of obesity in the mouse is an important next step. To pursue this goal, the inbred mouse strains 129P3/J (129) and C57BL/6ByJ (B6), which differ in body weight, body length, and adiposity, were used in an F2 cross to identify loci affecting these phenotypes. Linkages were determined in a two-phase process. In the first phase, 169 randomly selected F2 mice were genotyped for 134 markers that covered all autosomes and the X Chromosome (Chr). Significant linkages were found for body weight and body length on Chr 2. In addition, we detected several suggestive linkages on Chr 2 (adiposity), 9 (body weight, body length, and adiposity), and 16 (adiposity), as well as two suggestive sex-dependent linkages for body length on Chrs 4 and 9. In the second phase, 288 additional F2 mice were genotyped for markers near these regions of linkage. In the combined set of 457 F2 mice, six significant linkages were found: Chr 2 (Bwq5, body weight and Bdln3, body length), Chr 4 (Bdln6, body length, males only), Chr 9 (Bwq6, body weight and Adip5, adiposity), and Chr 16 (Adip9, adiposity), as well as several suggestive linkages (Adip2, adiposity on Chr 2, Bdln4 and Bdln5, body length on Chr 9). In addition, there was a suggestive linkage to body length in males on Chr 9 (Bdln4). For adiposity, there was evidence for epistatic interactions between loci on Chr 9 (Adip5) and 16 (Adip9). These results reinforce the concept that obesity is a complex trait. Genetic loci and their interactions, in conjunction with sex, age, and diet, determine body size and adiposity in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cessation from cigarette smoking: changes in body weight, body composition, resting metabolism, and energy consumption.

This study examined the effect of cessation from smoking on body weight, body fat, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and caloric consumption. Twenty-six women aged 25 to 45 years (mean, 37.2 +/- 4.7) who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day for the past 5 years served as volunteers. Twelve subjects abstained from smoking for a period of 60 days (EXSMOKERS). Six stopped smoking for 30 days, then resumed the habit for an additional 30 days (RESMOKERS). Eight subjects continued to smoke for the entire 60 days (SMOKERS). Additionally, 10 women who had never smoked served as nonsmoking controls (NONSMOKERS). Body weight was recorded weekly and body fat was calculated from body density as determined by hydrostatic weighing. RMR was assessed by open-circuit spirometry. Caloric intake was obtained from 3-day food records using a computerized nutrient data base. Group means for body weight, body fat, RMR, and caloric intake were compared using a repeated measures ANOVA with a Scheffe post hoc at day 0 (baseline), day 30, and day 60 of cessation from smoking. NONSMOKERS weighed significantly (P less than .05) more, but were no fatter than all smoker groups at day 0. Body weight significantly increased by 1.8 kg (EXSMOKERS) and 2.1 kg (RESMOKERS) at day 30 of cessation. By day 60 EXSMOKERS' body weight had increased an additional 1.8 kg to 61.6 +/- 6.4 kg, while return to smoking (RESMOKERS) resulted in a 3.1 kg loss of body weight to 57.9 +/- 7.9 kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Body weight, body composition, and bone turnover changes in patients with spondyloarthropathy receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor {alpha} treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the changes in body weight, body composition, and bone turnover in patients with spondyloarthropathy (SpA) treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). PATIENTS AND METHODS: 19 patients with SpA (2 women, 17 men), aged 21-71 years, were studied in a 1 year prospective open study. 17 patients received infliximab: 3 or 5 mg/kg/infusion at weeks 0, 2, 6 and infusions in the case of a relapse (n = 14) or systematically (n = 3); 2 patients received etanercept (25 mg twice a week). Body weight, body composition (lean mass, fat mass), and bone mineral density (BMD; using dual energy x ray absorptiometry) were measured at baseline and at months 6 and 12. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), bone markers (carboxy terminal telopeptide of collagen Iota (CTX) and procollagen type Iota N terminal propeptide (PINP)) were measured at baseline and months 3, 6, and 12. RESULTS: In 1 year there was a significant increase in body weight (mean (SD) 2.24 (3.1) kg, p = 0.0004), and in lean mass (1.4 (1.69) kg, p = 0.005), but no changes in fat mass. BMD increased at the spine (5.6%, p = 0.0005) and total femur (2.6%, p = 0.01). CTX decreased from the third month (-50%, p = 0.005) up to 1 year (-30%, p = 0.012), and a trend for an increase in PINP (10%, p = 0.06) and in IGF-I (15%, p = 0.04) was seen at month 3. CONCLUSION: These data confirm that treatment with anti-TNFalpha in SpA is associated with an increase of BMD, which results from a decrease of bone resorption. Increase in body weight and lean mass is observed in parallel with an increase in IGF-1.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1992

Estimation of changes in genetic parameters in selected lines of mice using REML with an animal model. 2. Body weight, body composition and litter size.

Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) with an animal model was used to estimate genetic parameters of body weight, body consumption and litter size of lines of mice selected for 20 generations on an index of lean mass at 10 weeks in males, highly correlated with body weight, and for a further 18 generations on body weight at 10 weeks in males and females. Univariate and multivariate estimates of heritability were about 0.5 and those of common environment correlations were about 0.25 for both body weight and composition. Body weight and fat pad weight had genetic and phenotypic correlations of about 0.5. The heritability estimate of litter size was about 0.15 from univariate analysis, rather lower from multivariate, and the estimate of its genetic correlation with body weight was about 0.25. There were reductions in heritability of both body weight and litter size in later generations, even though full pedigrees were fitted and inferences made to the base population, but a plateau in response to selection for increased body weight could not be explained by a complete attenuation of genetic variance.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Comparisons of body mass index, perception of body weight, body shape satisfaction, and self-esteem among Korean adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to compare sex differences in Body Mass Index, subjective perception of body weight, body shape satisfaction, and self-esteem in Korean adolescent boys and girls. Subjects were 109 boys (M age= 16.1 yr., SD = .6) and 131 girls (M age = 16.0 yr., SD = .5), recruited from two high schools in Korea. There were differences in Body Mass Index, perception of body weight, body shape satisfaction, and self-esteem by group. More girls (31%) than boys (16%) evaluated themselves as overweight, while higher proportions of boys (6.4%) than girls (1.5%) were actually overweight. A higher proportion of girls responded that they were dissatisfied with their body shape (61% vs 28%). Self-esteem mean score was significantly higher for the boys than the girls. There was a significant relationship between actual Body Mass Index and perception of body weight. There was a significant negative relation between Body Mass Index and rated self-esteem for girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Feed intake, body weight, body condition score, musculation, and immunocompetence in aged mares given equine somatotropin.

Sixteen 20- to 26-yr-old mares were given 0, 6.25, or 12.5 mg/d equine somatotropin (eST) to determine whether aged mares respond to ST with changes in feed intake, body weight, body condition score (based mostly on fat cover), or immunocompetence. Neither dry matter intake, body weight, nor body condition scores were altered during the 6 wk of eST injection. However, based on photographs taken to evaluate musculation before and after treatment (scores 0 to 4), mares given eST developed greater (P < .07) muscle definition (1.8 +/- .6 and 2.5 +/- .6 for 6.25 and 12.5 mg eST/d, respectively) than control mares (.7 +/- .4). Total circulating leukocytes increased (P < .05) in both of the eST-treated groups during the 6-wk injection period, caused by an increase (P < .05) in granulocytes. Lymphocyte numbers were not altered. Granulocyte oxidative burst activity was not altered by eST treatment. Although lymphocyte proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, or lipopolysaccharide were not altered during the treatment period, lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen increased twofold in eST-treated horses at 2 wk after eST treatment. In overview, the increased musculation and the increase in granulocyte numbers in mares given eST suggest that eST supplementation may improve the health and well-being of aged mares.

Aging↗
PubMed2006

Changes in body weight, body composition and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in first-year university freshmen students.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to document any changes that might occur in body weight, body composition, RMR, and dietary intake in newly enrolled college freshmen. METHODS: Body weight, RMR by ventilated O(2) consumption, body composition by bioelectrical impedance and dietary intakes were recorded in 27 first-year college freshmen during their initial 16-week semester. RESULTS: Mean body weight increased significantly with time (3.0 lbs; p < 0.001); 16 subjects (59%) gained >or= 3.0 lbs, while 6 subjects (22%) gained >or= 6 lbs. Percent fat mass significantly increased (p < 0.001), while lean body mass decreased (p < 0.001). Changes in RMR failed to reach statistical significance; however, there was a significant correlation between changes in weight and RMR (r = 0.45; p < 0.02). Mean reported calorie intake did not differ significantly between the beginning (1905 +/- 664 kcal) and end (1960 +/- 687 kcal) of the study. However, the differences ( approximately 55 kcal) are in the range necessary to support the mean 3 lb. weight gain. CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports the notion that freshmen students, on average, gain weight during their first semester; however, this weight gain may be more modest than generally perceived. The study also provides important new data on changes in diet, body composition and RMR.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Changes in body weight, body composition, and energy intake in women fed high- and low-fat diets.

The effects of a 20%-fat diet (LF) on total body weight, lean body weight, and adiposity were studied in 18 premenopausal women with body mass index (BMI) of 18-44. Subjects were fed a 37%-fat (HF) control diet for 4 wk followed by the LF diet for 20 wk. Total body weight, lean body weight, and fat weight were measured at the end of the HF and LF dietary periods by hydrostatic weighing. Despite adjustments in energy intake to maintain weight throughout the study, subjects exhibited a 2.8% decrease in total body weight (P less than 0.0006), an 11.3% decrease in fat weight (P less than 0.0001), and a 2.2% increase in lean body weight (P less than 0.0149) by the end of the LF period. Similar changes were observed in obese (BMI greater than 30) and non-obese women (BMI less than 30). By the end of the LF period, energy intake had increased significantly in comparison with the HF diet (119% of the HF intake, P less than 0.0001). Results could not be explained by changes in daily activity levels and suggest that macronutrient composition plays a role in energy requirements for weight maintenance.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

Body weight, body composition, and energy intake changes in breastfeeding mothers.

Body weight, body composition, and energy intake changes are described for 13 breastfeeding mothers followed for 18-24 months after delivery. Body weight was assessed at 1-6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months postpartum and 1 month after infant weaning, and energy intake was assessed at 2-6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months postpartum and 1 month after infant weaning. Compared to prepregnancy weight, participants were an average of 4.0 +/- 6.6 kg heavier 18 months postpartum (p < 0.05). The mean rate of weight loss from 1 month postpartum until termination of lactation was 0.32 +/- 0.27 kg/month. Eight of the 12 women gained weight after weaning their infant. Percent body fat assessed by underwater weighing declined from 34.6 +/- 2.8% at 1 month postpartum to 31.4 +/- 4.8% at 1 month after infant weaning (p < 0.05). Further research is needed to study the factors which affect weight loss postpartum, and how weight gain after weaning can be prevented.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of hydroxyurea administration on the body weight, body composition and exercise performance of patients with sickle-cell anaemia.

1. As an ancillary study carried out during the recently completed Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea, we examined the effect of hydroxyurea on the body weight, body composition and exercise capacity of adult patients with sickle-cell anaemia. 2. The subjects received either hydroxyurea (six males and four females) or placebo (eight males and six females). Data for each subject were generated during four separate 24 h admissions to the General Clinical Research Center. These admissions occurred at baseline and then at 6, 12 and 18 months after the start of study drug (hydroxyurea or placebo) administration. During each admission, body composition was measured by using a dual X-ray absorptiometer, and exercise testing was performed by cycle ergometry. Anaerobic performance was assessed according to a 'Wingate' protocol (20 s at maximal intensity against a cycling resistance of 7.5% body weight). Aerobic performance was examined using a steady state submaximal exercise protocol (10 min cycling time). 3. At baseline, no significant difference in any parameter was found between the hydroxyurea- and placebo-treated groups. At 18 months, the hydroxyurea-treated subjects exhibited an average weight gain of 3.16 kg. The mean weight gain in the placebo-treated subjects was 1.82 kg. Body composition analysis showed that the additional weight in both groups involved both lean and fat body mass components. In anaerobic performance, the subjects given hydroxyurea showed an increase in peak muscle power of 104.9 W. The placebo group also showed an increase, but theirs was a more modest gain of 57.7 W. The most marked improvement in anaerobic performance was observed in the hydroxyurea-treated men (P < 0.05). In aerobic performance, the hydroxyurea-treated subjects exhibited a decrease in peak heart rate response to a standardized workload of 15.2 beats/min, as compared with a decrease of only 4.3 beats/min in the placebo-treated patients. 4. Taken together, the overall weight gain, combined with increases in both anaerobic muscular performance and aerobic cardiovascular efficiency, provides objective data to support the subjective impression that hydroxyurea administration produces an improvement in the physical capacity of patients with sickle-cell anaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of 6 weeks of overfeeding on the body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism of young men.

The effect of overfeeding on the body weight, body fat, water content, energy expenditure, and digestibility of energy and nitrogen was investigated over 42 days in six young men. The metabolic rates in standard situations of work and rest were determined. Energy intakes were apparently increased by 6.2 MJ/day and energy expenditure fell slightly by 0.3 MG/day during overfeeding. Fecal and urinary losses of energy were a similar proportion of the gross energy intake in control and overfeeding periods (8%). Metabolizable energy intakes calculated from food tables agreed well with values derived from digestibility measurements in the control period (mean difference = +2%) but not in the overfeeding period (+8%). The implications of this are discussed. Mean body weight gain was 6.0 kg, 10% of initial weight; mean fat gain was 3.7 kg and water gain 1.8 liter. There were considerable interindividual differences in the weight and fat gain for a given excess energy intake. Metabolic rates in standard tasks were 10% higher at the end of overfeeding but expressed as kilojoules per kilogram per minute were similar to control values. Mean energy gain (144 MJ = fat gain X 39 kJ/g) was less than excess energy intake even allowing for overestimation of intakes using food tables and increases in metabolic rate. Such a discrepancy is unlikely to be due to unmeasured increases in metabolic rate but could have arisen from errors in the calculation of the variables involved. In this study where moderate weight gains were achieved by overfeeding mainly fat, increases in metabolic rate appear to be associated with increased body size and tissue gain rather than a luxuskonsumption mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of an obesity management program on body weight, body mass index and physiological index of high school girl students].

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effect of an obesity management program on the body weight, body-mass index, and physiological index of obese female high school students. METHOD: Students from one school were selected as the experimental group, and students from another school as a control group so the latter group wasn't exposed to the experiment. The experimental group and the control group were each organized with 20 students. The experimental group received 60 minutes of behavior modification once a week, for eight weeks. RESULT: The Body weight, and Body mass-Index of the experimental group significantly decreased after the obesity management program. Total-cholesterol, T-G, and LDL-C significantly decreased and HDL-C increased in the experimental group. Total-cholesterol, T-G, LDL-C and HDL-C between the experimental group and control group showed significant differences. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the obesity management program had a great effect on decreasing the body weight and body-mass index of the female obese high school students, normalizing their physiological index. In conclusion, this program turned out to be one of the safest and most effective obesity-management methods that could be applied to female high school students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

The association of body weight, body fatness and body fat distribution with osteoarthritis of the knee: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of body weight, body fatness, and body fat distribution with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. METHODS: Bilateral standing knee radiographs, taken between 1985 and 1991, of 465 Caucasian men and 275 Caucasian women subjects aged 40 and above in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were read by one investigator for grade of OA using Kellgren-Lawrence scales. Measures of obesity, assessed at same visit as the last radiograph during this interval, included body mass index, percent body fat, and body fat distribution. RESULTS: Both men and women with definite knee OA had higher age adjusted mean levels of body mass index, while women only had higher age adjusted mean levels of percent body fat. Both women and men in the highest tertile of body mass index had significantly increased odds of both definite and bilateral knee OA; women in the middle and highest tertile of percent body fat had significantly increased odds of both definite and bilateral knee OA, and men in the highest tertile of waist-hip ratio had significantly increased odds of bilateral knee OA. After adjusting for body mass index, however, the association of percent body fat and waist-hip ratio with knee OA in women and men, respectively, was no longer significant. CONCLUSION: These data further extend observations that body weight is associated with both definite and bilateral knee OA in both sexes, and support a stronger contribution of mechanical as opposed to systemic factors to explain this association.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2002

Betaine supplementation decreases plasma homocysteine concentrations but does not affect body weight, body composition, or resting energy expenditure in human subjects.

BACKGROUND: Betaine (trimethylglycine) is found in several tissues in humans. It is involved in homocysteine metabolism as an alternative methyl donor and is used in the treatment of homocystinuria in humans. In pigs, betaine decreases the amount of adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the effect of betaine supplementation on body weight, body composition, plasma homocysteine concentrations, blood pressure, and serum total and lipoprotein lipids. DESIGN: Forty-two obese, white subjects (14 men, 28 women) treated with a hypoenergetic diet were randomly assigned to a betaine-supplemented group (6 g/d) or a control group given placebo for 12 wk. The intervention period was preceded by a 4-wk run-in period with a euenergetic diet. RESULTS: Body weight, resting energy expenditure, and fat mass decreased significantly in both groups with no significant difference between the groups. Plasma homocysteine concentrations decreased in the betaine group ( +/- SD: 8.76 +/- 1.63 micro mol/L at 4 wk, 7.93 +/- 1.52 micro mol/L at 16 wk; P = 0.030 for the interaction of time and treatment). Diastolic blood pressure decreased without a significant difference between the groups. Serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were higher in the betaine group than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A hypoenergetic diet with betaine supplementation (6 g daily for 12 wk) decreased the plasma homocysteine concentration but did not affect body composition more than a hypoenergetic diet without betaine supplementation did.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Alternate-day fasting in nonobese subjects: effects on body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged dietary restriction increases the life span in rodents. Some evidence suggests that alternate-day fasting may also prolong the life span. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine whether alternate-day fasting is a feasible method of dietary restriction in nonobese humans and whether it improves known biomarkers of longevity. DESIGN: Nonobese subjects (8 men and 8 women) fasted every other day for 22 d. Body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), temperature, fasting serum glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, and ghrelin were assessed at baseline and after 21 d (12-h fast) and 22 d (36-h fast) of alternate-day fasting. Visual analogue scales were used to assess hunger weekly. RESULTS: Subjects lost 2.5 +/- 0.5% of their initial body weight (P < 0.001) and 4 +/- 1% of their initial fat mass (P < 0.001). Hunger increased on the first day of fasting and remained elevated (P < 0.001). RMR and RQ did not change significantly from baseline to day 21, but RQ decreased on day 22 (P < 0.001), which resulted in an average daily increase in fat oxidation of > or =15 g. Glucose and ghrelin did not change significantly from baseline with alternate-day fasting, whereas fasting insulin decreased 57 +/- 4% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Alternate-day fasting was feasible in nonobese subjects, and fat oxidation increased. However, hunger on fasting days did not decrease, perhaps indicating the unlikelihood of continuing this diet for extended periods of time. Adding one small meal on a fasting day may make this approach to dietary restriction more acceptable.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Body weight, body fat distribution, and hormonal replacement therapy in early postmenopausal women.

Body weight was measured, and body fat distribution was determined by dual energy x-ray in early postmenopausal women given either oral calcium (500 mg/day; control group; n = 12) or hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), a combination of estradiol valerate (2 mg/day for 21 days) with cyproterone acetate (1 mg/day in the last 10 days of the treatment cycle; n = 15). There were no differences in basal body weight or body fat distribution in the two groups before the study. In the control group, a significant (P < 0.05) increase in body weight (from 63.6 +/- 2.2 to 65.2 +/- 1.9 kg [corrected] after 12 months) paralleled a slight, but significant (P < 0.05), increase in total body fat mass (from 23.8 +/- 2.2 to 24.7 +/- 2.2 kg), with an increase in fat in the trunk (from 10.2 +/- 0.4 to 11.3 +/- 0.4 kg; P < 0.01) and arms (from 2.4 +/- 0.5 to 2.7 +/- 0.2 kg; P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate a shift to a prevalent central android fat distribution after 12 months of observation in untreated postmenopausal women. Conversely, in the HRT group, total body bone mineral showed a significant (from 1089 +/- 28 to 1106 +/- 29 mg/cm2; P < 0.05) increase after 12 months, with no significant increase in body weight (from 62.2 +/- 1.6 to 62.7 +/- 1.6 kg), and no modifications in trunk (from 10.0 +/- 0.2 to 9.8 +/- 0.3 kg) and arm (from 2.43 +/- 0.2 to 2.5 +/- 0.1 kg) fat, but a significant increase in leg fat (from 7.1 +/- 0.3 to 8.3 +/- 0.4 kg; P < 0.05). The present results suggest that HRT can counteract at least in part the postmenopausal increase in body weight and body fat and prevent central body fat distribution after menopause.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

Effects of long-term calcium intake on body weight, body fat and bone in growing rats.

Increased calcium intake may reduce body weight and fat in non-growing individuals. This study explored the long-term effects of high versus low calcium intake on body weight, body fat, BMC, BMD and bone size in growing male and female rats. Ninety male and 90 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned either to a high calcium (1%) or low calcium (0.25%) diet from age 3 weeks until 40 weeks. Half of the animals were fed ad libitum, and half of the animals were on an adjusted feeding schedule (the food intake of the low calcium animals was reduced to maintain equal body weight with high calcium animals of the same gender). DXA and radiographic measurements (femur and skull length and width) were collected at the age of 4, 13 and 34 weeks. Growing male rats fed the low calcium diet ad libitum gained more weight and more fat than rats on a high calcium diet. When food intake was controlled, male rats on the low calcium diet still had a greater fat mass (despite their similar body weight) and smaller skeletal measurements than the high calcium animals. Growing female rats initially responded like the males: when fed ad libitum low calcium animals had an increased body weight and fat mass; when food intake was controlled the low calcium animals had a greater fat mass and smaller skeletal measurements. However, these differences were found at 13 weeks and not at 34 weeks, suggesting a transient effect with no long-term differences between high and low calcium intake in the growing female rats.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗