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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Screening of donor blood for anti-HIV. Experiences from blood donor screening 1986-1988].

During the period 1986--1988, approximately 1,200,000 portions of blood were anti-HIV screened in Denmark. A total of 19 donors were found to be anti-HIV positive and no increase in the frequency of anti-HIV blood donors has been observed during this period. At a subsequent interview, nine out of these 19 donors (47%) were shown to have risk factors for HIV infection. During the same period, a total of 12 cases of transfusion-associated HIV infection were found at follow-up control of recipients of blood from previous donations from donors demonstrated to be positive after 1986. Four of the cases were demonstrated to be positive by blood donor screening and eight in other ways. Finally, five cases of transfusion-associated HIV infection in recipients have been reported where no positive donor could be identified. One case of HIV infection could be attributed to transfusion with screened anti-HIV negative blood. On the basis of information from blood donor screening, it is concluded that the risk that a screened anti-HIV negative blood portion in Denmark can transmit HIV infection is less than one per 400,000.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1990

[Screening of donor blood for anti-HIV. Experiences from blood donor screening 1986-1988].

During the period 1986-1988, approximately 1,200,000 portions of blood were anti-HIV screened in Denmark. A total of 19 donors were found to be anti-HIV positive and no increase in the frequency of anti-HIV blood donors has been observed during this period. At a subsequent interview, nine out of these 19 donors (47%) were shown to have risk factors for HIV infection. During the same period, a total of 12 cases of transfusion-associated HIV infection were found at follow-up control of recipients of blood from previous donations from donors demonstrated to be positive after 1986. Four of the cases were demonstrated to be positive by blood donor screening and eight in other ways. Finally, five cases of transfusion-associated HIV infection in recipients have been reported where no positive donor could be identified. One case of HIV infection could be attributed to transfusion with screened anti-HIV negative blood. On the basis of information from blood donor screening, it is concluded that the risk that a screened anti-HIV negative blood portion in Denmark can transmit HIV infection is less than one per 400,000.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed2003

Unexpected decrease with age of Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence among Swedish blood donors.

Blood donors are often used as proxies for the general population in studies of Helicobacter pylori epidemiology. Our aim was to test if the age-specific seroprevalence rates among blood donors match with the corresponding rates in a random population sample. This descriptive study was based on sera obtained from 3,502 blood donors representing all Swedish counties and cities. An age-stratified random population sample of 1,030 from Stockholm County served as comparison. Sera were analyzed by an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies. In the population sample, we found the expected increase with age in the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection. This was true also among young blood donors, while the prevalence-by-age curve showed a deflection downward among blood donors who are >/= 50 years of age. In this age group, the probability of being seropositive was reduced by 73% (95% confidence interval [CI], 63 to 81%) relative to the population sample. Overall, the adjusted odds ratio for H. pylori seropositivity among blood donors was decreased by 43% (95% CI, 28 to 55%). Thus, it appears that blood donors who are H. pylori seropositive selectively disappear from the blood donor cohort. We speculate that H. pylori-seropositive blood donors may tolerate repeated bleedings less well than do noninfected individuals and/or that the general well-being among those who are infected may be somewhat impaired. Our unexpected observation indicates that blood donors may be less suitable as proxies for the general population in analytic studies of H. pylori infection and that the underlying cause needs further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Heterosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection and the United States blood supply: considerations for screening of potential blood donors. HIV Blood Donor Study Group.

The impact of heterosexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the United States blood supply was assessed, and deferral criteria that may exclude potential donors who are at high risk for heterosexually acquired HIV infection were evaluated. Interviews were conducted with 508 HIV-seropositive blood donors from May 1, 1988, to August 31, 1989 (Phase 1), and with 472 donors from January 1, 1990, to May 31, 1991 (Phase 2), at 20 blood centers. From Phase 1 to Phase 2, the overall HIV prevalence decreased from 0.021 to 0.018 percent (p < 0.001). HIV risk factors among HIV-1-seropositive donors were similar during both study phases. Eleven percent of the men and 56 percent of the women reported as their only risk that they had a heterosexual partner who was at increased risk for HIV or was known to have HIV. These percentages were similar during both study periods. During Phase 2, 13 percent of the men and 17 percent of the women with heterosexual transmission risk had a positive serologic test for syphilis, hepatitis B core antibody, or hepatitis C antibody. Among HIV-1-seropositive donors reporting heterosexual risk, the median numbers of previous-year and lifetime sex partners for men were 2 and 30, respectively; for women, those numbers were 1 and 7, respectively. Thirty-one percent of the men and 6 percent of the women reporting heterosexual transmission risk also reported having had syphilis or gonorrhea within 3 years of donation. It is concluded that the impact of heterosexual transmission of HIV infection on transfusion safety is not worsening at this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Banks↗
PubMed2003

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in healthy blood donors.

Blood transfusion is an important route of transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Occult HBV infection can exist in the absence of HBsAg and can be detected by determining HBV DNA. To determine the occult HBV infection in healthy blood donors. One hundred adult healthy blood donors, negative for HBsAg, anti HCV, HIV-1 and other risk factors were screened for HBV DNA by PCR. All the healthy blood donors were negative for HBV DNA by PCR. Occult HBV infection does not occur in the healthy blood donors in the population studied.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

T-cell responses and previous exposure to hepatitis C virus in indeterminate blood donors.

Blood donors are routinely screened for hepatitis C virus infection. Some individuals have weak or restricted virus-specific antibody responses, and are classed as indeterminate. Such donors are almost always negative for viral RNA in blood. We postulated that previous transient virus exposure might account for some of these cases. With sensitive ex-vivo analyses of T-cell responses, we identified virus-specific responses in 15 of 30 indeterminate blood donors tested, compared with none in controls (p=0.0013). Additionally, these responses were typically focused on core-derived peptides. These findings suggest previous exposure to the virus in many indeterminate blood donors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of HIV-infection among blood donors.

Blood donor screening for HIV antibody was carried out at Blood Transfusion Service of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. Sera of 1655 blood donors were tested by Enzyme linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (Abbott recombinant HIV-1-EIA) from March, 1987 to December, 1989. Initial reactivity was noted in seven cases, of which three were repeatedly reactive. When these were tested by western blot at National Institute of Health, all were reported negative. Thus no HIV positive blood donor was found in the subject population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methodologic approaches to surveillance of HIV infection among blood donors.

Blood donors make up the largest group in the United States that is tested for human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV) antibody. The blood donor population is ideal for detecting and quantifying uncommon or unrecognized modes of HIV transmission in the general population because persons at known risk for HIV infection are excluded from donating blood. The national HIV surveillance program consists of a centralized computer database of information on all donations at selected American Red Cross blood centers, which together account for about a quarter of the blood supply, and all donations at 20 regional blood centers where seropositive blood donors are interviewed to evaluate their risk factors for HIV infection and to determine their epidemiologic characteristics and motives for donation. Trends in HIV prevalence and incidence within specific demographic subgroups are determined for first-time and repeat donors. Combining the trends with HIV-risk profile data from seropositive donors provides a rate for HIV seropositive donors with no identified risk. Epidemiologic and behavioral data from seropositive donors will help in the development and evaluation of future donor deferral strategies.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1995

Hepatitis C virus infection in the asymptomatic British blood donor.

Blood donor screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies is now routine. Most blood transfusion services recommend that seropositive donors are referred for further investigation. Southern European studies suggest that many asymptomatic seropositive donors have clinically significant liver disease. Seropositive donors in areas of high prevalence may not, however, be representative of British donors. We have prospectively examined the prevalence and severity of HCV infection in a British volunteer blood donor population. During a 14 month period, only 0.35% (999/287,332) of all donors in the West Midlands were anti-HCV (screening assay) positive. Only 5% (52/999) of these were confirmed true seropositive. Nearly 80% (41/52) of seropositive donors were referred to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Liver Unit for further investigation. Most underwent complete investigation, including liver biopsy. Forty of forty-one donors had biochemical, histological, or virological evidence of persistent viral infection. Histological changes were generally mild and none was cirrhotic. Covertly infected patients had less severe disease than those with an overt risk factor for HCV exposure. In the British Midlands, the prevalence of blood donor seropositivity is low. In contrast with seropositive Southern European donors, the British donor is more likely to belong to an at-risk group for parenteral exposure and is less likely to have severe histological changes. This study highlights the importance of developing locally relevant guidelines for the counselling and investigation of anti-HCV-positive blood donors.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Frequency of the hypervariable DNA loci D18S849, D3S1744, D12S1090 and D1S80 in a mixed ancestry population of Chilean blood donors.

Blood donors (N = 150) at San José Hospital (Santiago, Chile) were typed for one VNTR locus (D1S80) and three STR loci (D18S849, D3S1744, D12S1090). A questionnaire was used to determine the socioeconomic level of the donors, because it is known that some genetic markers (e.g., the ABO and Rh groups) are differentially distributed between different socioeconomic strata. This methodology revealed that two of the three socioeconomic strata distinguishable in Santiago were present in our sample of blood donors, with stratum II representing the middle strata and stratum III the low strata. Allele frequency was determined for each locus and socioeconomic stratum, and it was found that the allele distributions of each locus in socioeconomic strata II and III were statistically similar. All loci conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg law and there was no evidence for association between the alleles of the four loci, allelic frequencies being similar to those found in North American Hispanic populations. The results support the view that the analysis of these loci may have useful applications in population genetics as well as in identity tests.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1991

Return of autologous blood donors as homologous blood donors.

Autologous blood donors (ABDs) have been reported to have favorable attitudes toward returning as homologous blood donors (HBDs), but the frequency of return has not been well documented. ABDs eligible by history to be HBDs were followed at one blood center: 255 donating for elective surgery and 234 donating during pregnancy were followed for an average of 18 months and 20 months, respectively, from time of eligibility after surgery or postpartum. Male ABDs had a higher rate of return as HBDs, as 34 percent (21/62) returned to donate an average of 3 units, whereas 13 percent (56/427) of female ABDs returned as HBDs to donate an average of 2 units. Although a history of donation was associated with a higher rate of return (30%, 34/113), 11 percent (43/376) of ABDs with no history as HBDs returned to donate homologous units, despite having been recruited less frequently than prior HBDs. Overall, all male ABDs and female ABDs with an HBD history returned most frequently. The extra effort required for an autologous donor program may result in the recruitment of new donors into the HBD pool.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses in healthy Indonesian blood donors.

Blood samples were collected from 7572 healthy volunteer blood donors from 21 of the 27 Indonesian provinces, and tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) using the new second-generation enzyme immunosorbent assay, and also tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). We detected anti-HCV in 2.1% of the blood donors. No statistically significant difference was found between males and females or between locations, but there was a statistically significant increasing likelihood of anti-HCV prevalence with increasing age. HBsAg was found in 8.8% of the 3839 tested donors. There was no statistically significant difference between sexes or age groups, but there was a statistically significant higher prevalence in the islands of Sulawesi and eastern Indonesia. Only 7 individuals, from 5 locations, were both anti-HCV and HBsAg positive. Based on responses to a questionnaire, a history of surgery, blood transfusion, intravenous medication, and acupuncture were identified as risk factors for the presence of anti-HCV. No such risk factor was identified for HBsAg prevalence. The combined data suggest separate modes of transmission for the 2 viruses, and indicate the need for continued surveillance for these agents in Indonesian blood banks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Levels of serum complement and immunocomplexes in HBs antigen positive blood donors].

Blood donors who were tested twice at interval from 6 to 8 months, were HBs-Ag positive both times. The biochemical parameters for the evaluation of liver function were within normal limits. The significantly decreased values of total haemolytic activity of complement-CH50 (0,001) and Clq (0,005) and increased level of Cl Inh (0,005) point ot the activation of the complement system (Table 2, 3). The level of Cl Inh statistically significantly and positively correlates with the values of C4, C5 and with C3A, what means that it participates in the process of activation regulation (Table 5). Using the method of precipitation by means of 0,3 g/l PEG we have registered in 92% of HBs-Ag positive blood donors elevated concentrations of immune complexes and in all PEG precipitates HBs-Ag (Table 6). These findings point to the need of clinical investigation and treatment of those persons.

Adolescent↗