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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Red blood cell [14C]cholesterol exchange and plasma cholesterol esterifying activity of normal and sickle cell blood.

The present study performed on density fractions of sickle and normal erythrocytes prepared on Stractan density gradient shows that dense erythrocytes have consistently decreased uptake of [14C]cholesterol from plasma in comparison to young, less dense erythrocytes. Plasma of sickle cell patients also shows a reduction in cholesterol-esterifying activity in comparison to normal controls. A possible effect of these processes in the increased cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio of irreversibly sickled cells has been suggested.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed2002

Transfusion in premature infants impairs production and/or release of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether red blood cell transfusion in infants with anaemia of prematurity alters peripheral counts of red blood cell precursors, total white blood cells and white cell differential and platelets. METHODOLOGY: In 18 consecutive stable premature infants with anaemia of prematurity, peripheral cell counts were prospectively recorded immediately before transfusion of 20 mL/kg packed red blood cells (given over 6 h), and at 48 h after completion of the transfusion. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) haematocrit increased from 22.0% (21.3-24.0%) pre-transfusion to 37.0% (36.0-38.0%) post-transfusion (P < 0.001). Red-cell precursors decreased: median (interquartile range) reticulocytes from 3.7% (3.0-7.7%) to 3.7% (2.6-4.1%) (P = 0.03); and median (interquartile range) nucleated red blood cells from 0 G/L (0-0.2 G/L) to 0 G/L (0-0 G/L) (P = 0.03). The mean (SD) platelet count decreased from 420 G/L (154 G/L) to 313 G/L (101 G/L) (P = 0.001). The total white blood cell count and neutrophils did not change significantly; however, median (interquartile range) immature neutrophils decreased from 0.12 G/L (0.06-0.74 G/L) to 0.08 G/L (0.01-0.24 G/L) (P = 0.03). Lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils and plasma cells remained unchanged. Monocytes increased (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Forty-eight hours after red blood cell transfusion to premature infants, there is an absolute decrease in red blood cell precursors, immature white blood cells and platelets, probably due to erythropoietin-suppression.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1999

The hydrolysis of fatty acid ethyl esters in low-density lipoproteins by red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), esterification products of fatty acids and ethanol, have been implicated as toxic mediators of ethanol ingestion. In this study, we investigated the in vitro hydrolysis of FAEE reconstituted in low-density lipoproteins (LDL) when incubated with human blood, cell free plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. We also determined the metabolic fate of the fatty acid originally incorporated in the FAEE following FAEE hydrolysis. When FAEE were incubated with human red blood cells. white blood cells, or platelets, at physiologic cell counts, 80% of the FAEE were hydrolyzed at 2 h. The FAEE-derived fatty acid was predominantly found in phospholipid and free fatty acid fractions. Cell free plasma contained minimal FAEE hydrolytic activity. These studies demonstrate that FAEE are degraded to free fatty acids and ethanol by the cellular elements in the blood. The generation of free fatty acids from extensive hydrolysis of FAEE adds support to the growing concept that at least some of the toxic effects of FAEE are mediated by the free fatty acids generated upon hydrolysis of the ethyl esters.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1987

A comparison of plasma, white blood cell, red blood cell, and tissue distribution of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in anesthetized dogs.

Desethylamiodarone (DA) is a major metabolite of amiodarone (AM), a Class III antiarrhythmic drug. The plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of AM and DA (10 mg/kg i.v.) were compared in anesthetized dogs. Plasma, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), liver, and skeletal muscle samples were obtained at frequent intervals up to 6 h after a single i.v. bolus of the two drugs. Drug concentrations in these and other tissues, i.e., lung, kidney, heart (right and left atrium, right and left ventricle, Purkinje fibers, and AV node), and femoral nerve were measured by a highly sensitive and specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic technique developed in our laboratory. Four different patterns of AM and DA uptake and washout could be identified in these experiments. The first pattern is biexponential decline in plasma drug levels with a rapid distribution phase (t1/2 alpha = 5.1 +/- 2.1 min for AM and 5.5 +/- 1.2 min for DA, respectively) and a slower elimination phase (t1/2 beta = 3.7 +/- 1.3 h for AM and 4.96 +/- 0.8 h for DA, respectively). The volume of distribution of DA was significantly larger than that of AM. The second pattern is that both WBCs and RBCs showed an initial uptake within 5 min followed by a biexponential decrease in drug levels, with t1/2 alpha similar to that in plasma but t1/2 beta significantly longer than in plasma. In both these types of cells, the elimination half-life for DA was significantly longer than that of AM. The third pattern is that in the liver there was a rapid uptake of both drugs with peak concentrations at 15 min; the decline in hepatic levels of AM was biexponential, but that of DA appeared to be monoexponential. In addition, in dogs given AM alone, the metabolite (DA) was easily detected in the liver from the earliest time of measurement, suggesting that the parent drug is rapidly metabolized to DA. In the experiments where DA was injected, two new peaks were also identified in the liver suggesting that DA was metabolized further in the liver. The fourth pattern was in the skeletal muscle, where AM uptake was relatively slow, reaching peak concentrations between 1.5-2 h followed by a monoexponential decline; however, DA was rapidly taken up by skeletal muscle, but the rate of decline appeared to be slower as compared to that of AM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Amiodarone↗
PubMed1984

Separation and labeling of specific subpopulations of Botryllus blood cells.

Blood cells of the colonial tunicate Botryllus were separated by density gradient centrifugation in Percoll. Unseparated blood cells were used to immunize mice for development of hybridoma cell lines producing anti-Botryllus monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies identify specific subpopulations of blood cells, indicating possible divisions of these cells into defined subgroups sharing particular differentiation antigens. Additional studies utilizing fluorescein- conjugated lectins also revealed differential binding to density- and monoclonal antibody-defined blood cell fractions. These methods allow separation of the different Botryllus blood cell types for functional studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Studies of the blood of Ascidia ceratodes. Total blood cell counts, differential blood cell counts, hematocrit values, seasonal variations, and fluorescent characteristics of blood cells.

Seasonal, and animal size and weight variations of the blood cells of the vanadium-containing ascidian. Ascidia ceratodes, were determined. The fluorescent properties of various cell types were ascertained, and discussed in terms of cell development, phylogenic position of the species, and chemicals in the cells.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1998

The early phase of engraftment after murine blood cell transplantation is mediated by hematopoietic stem cells.

Blood cells transplantation is largely replacing bone marrow transplantation because engraftment is more rapid. This accelerated engraftment is thought to be mediated by relatively mature committed hematopoietic progenitor cells. Herein, we have used a modified rhodamine (Rho) staining procedure to identify and purify Rho+/++ (dull/bright) and Rho- (negative) subpopulations of hematopoietic progenitor cells in murine cytokine-mobilized blood. The Rho+/++ cell population contained > 99% of committed progenitor cells with in vitro colony-forming ability. The Rho- cell population contained the majority of hematopoietic stem cells with in vivo marrow repopulating ability. The rate of hematopoietic reconstitution was identical in recipients of grafts containing only purified Rho- stem cells or purified Rho- stem cells in combination with large numbers of Rho+/++ committed progenitor cells. In contrast, transplantation of 3-fold more hematopoietic stem cells resulted in accelerated reconstitution, indicating that the reconstitution rate was determined by the absolute numbers of Rho- stem cells in the graft. In addition, we observed a 5- to 8-fold reduced frequency of the subset of hematopoietic stem cells with long-term repopulating ability in cytokine-mobilized blood in comparison to steady-state bone marrow. Our results indicate that hematopoietic stem cells and not committed progenitor cells mediate early hematopoietic reconstitution after blood cell transplantation and that relative to bone marrow, the frequency of stem cells with long-term repopulating ability is reduced in mobilized blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Morphologic and functional properties of blood cells and blood rheologic parameters after plasmapheresis in patients with unstable angina pectoris].

The state of surface membrane of red blood cells and blood platelets, blood platelet adhesion to glass, red blood cell deformability, viscosity of the whole blood and plasma were studied in patients with coronary heart disease who had been subjected to blood gravitation surgery correction in the combined treatment. Normalization of all the parameters studied was recorded after inclusion of the methods of extracorporeal regulation of blood aggregation into the combined treatment. An attempt has been made to explain the mechanisms of gravitation surgery effect on the morphological and functional properties of blood cells and rheologic parameters.

Angina, Unstable↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IgA content of frozen-thawed-washed red blood cells and blood products measured by radioimmunoassay.

The IgA concentration of various blood products was examined by a radioimmunoassay, and the lowest IgA concentrations were seen in frozen-thawed-washed red blood cells. The routine Regional Blood Transfusion Centre preparation contained a mean IgA concentration of 0.117 mg/l (n=21) in the frozen-thawed-washed red blood cell supernatant fluid. Further washing of frozen-thawed-washed red blood cells with saline reduced supernatant IgA concentrations to below the limit of IgA detection (less than 0.003 mg/l). Ordinary washed red blood cells and other blood plasma fractions contained substantial quantitites of IgA, supporting the view that frozen-thawed-washed red blood cells should be used for transfusion of patients at risk of developing reactions to IgA, and the need for caution in the use of other blood products in such patients.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of methods to wash liquid-stored red blood cells and red blood cells frozen with high or low concentrations of glycerol.

The efficiency of washing liquid-stored red blood cells and red blood cells frozen with high or low glycerol concentrations was evaluated by measuring the recovery of red blood cells in vitro, supernatant hemoglobin, extracellular potassium and red blood cell potassium levels, supernatant osmolality, residual 125I albumin, glycerol, hypoxanthine, and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) levels. Four commercial washing systems were studied, three which used sodium chloride solutions with serial or continuous-flow centrifugation and one which used sugar solutions and dilution/agglomeration. Washing was most efficient using sodium chloride solutions in the IBM Blood Processor, an automated serial centrifugation procedure and in the Fenwal Elutramatic, a continuous-flow centrifugation procedure. Less efficient washing was achieved in the Haemonetics Processor 15, a continuous-flow centrifugation procedure and the least efficient washing occurred using the original and modified dilution/agglomeration procedures. To achieve the most efficient washing, three principles must be utilized: concentration of the red blood cells to hematocrit values of 90 per cent, prior to washing or freezing. Liquid-stored red blood cells concentrated to hematocrit values of 90V per cent should be diluted with hypertonic sodium chloride solutions prior to recovery and washing. Red blood cells containing 20 per cent or 40 per cent W/V glycerol should be diluted with hypertonic sodium chloride solutions before recovery and washing. Finally, on-line dilution should be achieved in the washing systems that use continuous-flow centrifugation.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) B lymphocytes: secretion of IgG directed to Plasmodium falciparum antigens, by primed blood B lymphocytes restimulated in vitro with parasitized red blood cells.

Blood B lymphocytes obtained from Plasmodium falciparum-immune Saimiri monkeys were assayed for their in vitro differentiation in immunoglobulin-secreting cells upon restimulation with P. falciparum-parasitized Saimiri red blood cells. Selected culture conditions enabled appropriately stimulated blood B cells to secrete 3F11/G10+ IgG, detected in the supernatants by means of a dot immunobinding assay. Primed blood B lymphocytes from P. falciparum-immune Saimiri monkeys were thus able to secrete IgG when restimulated by parasitized red blood cells in the presence of T cell- and monocyte-derived cytokines (recombinant human cytokines). These primed blood B cells, which were able to differentiate, were shown to secrete antibodies reactive with P. falciparum-infected red blood cells, as detected by means of an indirect immunofluorescence assay, and reactive with P. falciparum-infected red blood cell extracts, as detected by means of Western blot analysis. Furthermore, due to the possibility of discriminating between IgG subtypes in the squirrel monkey (3F11/G10+::3A2/G6+ IgG [associated with protection against the blood stages of P. falciparum] vs. 3F11/G10+::3E4/H8+ IgG [usually not functionally associated with protection]), we have attempted to estimate the respective proportions of each IgG subtype. In defined culture conditions, Saimiri monkey blood B cells preferentially secrete 3F11/G10+::3E4/H8+ IgG in response to parasitized red blood cells. We therefore discuss the conditions that would render this assay suitable for the selection, among P. falciparum blood stage antigens, of those that have major B-cell epitopes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Mobilization of circulating haemopoietic cells (blood stem cells) by GM-CSF in patients with malignancies.

Autologous reinfusion of circulating haemopoietic progenitor and stem cells (blood stem cell transplantation) has emerged as an alternative to autologous bone marrow transplantation in a variety of malignant diseases. Major obstacles associated with harvest of blood stem cells by leukapheresis are: 1. relatively high costs, and 2. discomfort caused to the patient, as generally five to ten settings of leukapheresis are necessary to harvest a number of blood stem cells sufficient for haemopoietic restitution following myeloablative therapy. GM-CSF recently has been shown to effectively increase circulating haemopoietic cells, when given subsequent to even highly-toxic therapy. This report summarizes our data on mobilization of blood stem cells by GM-CSF cells in multiple myeloma patients.

Combined Modality Therapy↗