Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “BIOGRAPHIES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Personal biography in the aging process and attitude to personal biography in social work with the elderly].

In old age, individualization processes also simultaneously effect the opportunity and necessity to shape one's life. Societal orientation dissipates, and the certainties of earlier times disappear. Plurality and option appear as an increasing twofold challenge to coping with life. These ambiguities characterize modern old age. Or in other words: the biographization of old age has begun. Against this background, the orientation to biography in social work with the elderly is redefined as the reflective handling of the various selfthematizations, which arise, in order to again gain security in unclear circumstances and to reposition oneself. Implied in this, too, is that the orientation to biography requires an scientific foundation and that the naive treatment of narrative life-history in the past is to be overcome.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Available sources of veterinary biographies useful in compiling contributions for an International Dictionary of Veterinary Biography(IDVB).

In the framework of the WAHVM-project to compile an International Dictionary of Veterinary Biography, two modern tools are described that may assist the contributors to this dictionary in finding references concerning the persons of their choice. The first is the World Biographical Index (WBI), an initiative of K. G. Saur Publishing, that can be consulted in print and online as well. The index covers more than 5000 sources of biographical information of all times and regions of the world. Its 7th online-edition (www.biblio.tu-bs/de/wbi) identifies the works where information can be found on the lives of 4551 veterinarians, for the greater part of the past. The editions are regularly expanded. The second tool is a CD-ROM, published by the WAHVM, with 13.000 references to books, periodical articles and dissertations on veterinary history. More than 40% of these references have biographical relevance. The index on personal names contains more than 2700 names. Both tools are complementary because the source materials differ largely.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed1998

[The national biography - a comprehensive research project].

This project was initiated by the Finnish Historical Society in 1993. The reason was an increasing interest in biographies. The aim is to write 6000 Finnish biographies in 11-12 volumes. The articles are planned to be published in the beginning of the year 2000. Selected historical characters from the Middle Ages to the present day are to be described. The most influential persons in politics, economy and the church as well as in art and sport are presented in articles of 20-30 pages. Certain persons representing the economy of life of previous times are presented in shorter articles as examples of the circumstances of their days. In addition extraordinary characters considered to be of special interest to the readers are introduced. The border between the groups is indistinct. The witches from the 17th Century are, for example, both typical representatives of their time and exceptional persons as seen by modern people. Similarities between old magic and modern "alternative" medicine are also obvious. An object of special interest is women's history, which previously has been almost overlooked. Female biographies now constitute about 15% of the articles. The National Biography is also available as a net version. The first articles were opened in late 1997 in the Internet. In the field of medical science, all the most prominent persons in the history of medicine and related professions are included, beginning from the king's physician Johan Copp in the 16th century. The medical profession is extended so as to consist of university professors and scientists, practitioners and promotors of administration as well as healers.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed1997

[Violence and biography. Possible connections and some aspects of relationships in nursing].

Coping with violence is part of the character of psychiatric institutions. Not only does it involve individual violence in every-day situations, but also the public legitimation of its double mission as an institution of help and correction. The biography of a person begins with birth and ends with death. During this period biography is the expression of individual inclinations and achievement, and their personal evaluations. It therefore expresses the personality of an individual. Institutions tend to treat a human being according to institutional rules rather than to consider his biography. Entering such institutions causes patients to feel threatened by being cut off from his own life and suffering violence. The following text will show possible relations between biography and violence, discuss them and give an explanation with an example. Possibilities of adequate coping attitudes in nursing care will be considered.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Viewpoint: essay in response to republication of a biography (Florence Nightingale).

This article examines the biography of Florence Nightingale written by Cecil Woodham-Smith. Originally published in 1951, this biography was reprinted in 1983 by Atheneum. Much has been written about the life and beliefs of Nightingale. Often these accounts are contradictory and confusing to the reader. This review contrasts and compares information provided in the Woodham-Smith biography and in current literature about Nightingale.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed1989

Aging according to biography.

Aging can no longer be considered an afterthought in biographies. How scholarly biographers treat their subjects is considered in the context of the work of Erik H. Erikson. Readers of biographies can discover in accounts of the subject's last years the same interest in developmental values typical of biographical attention to youth. Developmental theorists can observe in biography representations of the life cycle that add meaning to aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Psychoanalysis and biography: aspects of a developing affinity.

In examining some aspects of a growing affinity between the materials and problems confronting psychoanalysis and biography, the two disciplines most concerned with man in his historical totality, I have focused on the different methods used in these two fields of knowing about an individual's life and past. The early debt of psychoanalysis to biography, especially to its autobiographical sources, has been reviewed, and the unexplored potential of such documentary sources for our field has been suggested. The particular interest of diaries, especially in early adolescence, has been stressed. I have noted the relation of biography to clinical work, have stressed the historical and social context of a life and the relation between the actual and the psychologically transformed past. A biographical orientation leads inevitably to the question of how we learn about the past, and thus to the matter of documentation and the use of additional documentary materials in the treatment setting. I have concluded with a series of problems or questions for further consideration. These concern the use of "outside" documentation, the place of writing down dreams and experiences, and the use in treatment of information obtained by the patient or the therapist from other people, especially in preoedipal reconstruction and in our effort to understand character patterns not in evidence in the transference, which may be known primarily through their impact on other persons.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[History of thought tendencies in biography - a cultural historical synopsis].

Biography, presumably, the oldest form of historiography, is rudimentally already found in the Attic comedy. Reference is made to Xenophon and his representation of leading personalities and predominance problems as well as to Aristotle through whose school the empiric exploration of the individual personality in philosophy was firmly established. To Theophrast's pictures of human weakness are added new psychological aspects under Aristoxenos. In the biographical work of Nepos the picture of the habits of famous men was shown on a subhistorical level. While Plutarch's character descriptions are fully rationalistic there can be no doubt that a moral value judgement is passed. The Concepts "experience" and "inner development" were therefore unknown in the antique biography. Herder, as the onset of the writing of scientific biographies, is considered the promotor of an objectivating biographical and autobiographical method. Reference is made to Dilthey's theory of knowledge and his theory of cognition, particularly to his cultural-historical approach, whereby a close relationship to Gruhle ("understanding psychology"), Jaspers ("The art of sympathising understanding") as well as Birnbaum ("pathographic methodology") becomes evident.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed2002

[Family biography and mortality in East and West Germany].

Since more than 200 years, it has been well known that a marriage prolongs one's life. Current research distinguishes between protective and selective processes. However, it has been missed that today's marital biographies are not characterized by one marital status but through a sequence of different events and transitions. It is the aim of the present study to try to determine the effect of marital biographies and mortality. An East-West German comparison tests, if and how historical events influence this connection. The analysis is based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. It can be shown that the protective effect of being married cumulates over years. Furthermore, each change in marital status increases the risk of mortality. However, persons recover from negative events (divorce, widowhood) over time. In East Germany, despite of historical change in 1989/90, the impact of the marital biography is at least as significant as in West Germany.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Time, biography and life course].

In this contribution implications of perspectives on the past and on the future for the experience of the present and actual behavior are described. It is argued that in a retrospective look on personal history (or selected periods of personal history) people give meaning to events and processes--these events and processes can be interpreted as "knots" around which other moments and periods (that are subjectively judged as of less importance) do organize themselves. Subjectively important aspects of the past are present in actual experiences and behavior: Therefore, studying biography--subjects' interpretation of the life course--is a pre-condition of understanding actual experiences and behavior. Moreover, people are directed towards the future (e.g., in the sense of controllability vs. non-controllability). The perspectives on the past and future do constitute a human time horizon. It is shown that the development of a time horizon and the application of structure to the perception of time is a constructive performance of human consciousness. Moreover, it is argued that the perception of time is a basic antecendent of the experience of freedom. The contribution begins with the analysis of a microsituation--the results of this analysis are then transferred to the life course and biography. Life course and biography are analysed in the context of the central theoretical positions that Ursula Lehr has developed and tested empirically in her contributions to life span psychology.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

[The "Wolf Man" or the problem of biography and autobiography in the history of psychoanalysis].

In the field of biography and autobiography, the "Wolf Man" constitutes a particularl problematic case for the historian of psychoanalysis. The central problem concerns the widespread circulation outside of the Freudian corpus of the fictitious name chosen by Freud to designate a patient. The diverse metamorphoses of this circulation are analyzed here in different texts by authors of varied backgrounds. Components of the "Wolf Man" as a historical case include an analytical account, a testimony, a partial autobiography and a partial biography, as well as autobiographical interviews. In all of these writings, under the biographical guise, a patient is made to talk about himself, but not in his own name. The author does not intend to propose a reinterpretation of the clinical case, but to question the process of "removal" of the patient, instituted by each of these texts individually, and as a whole. This examination is undertaken because it concerns indissociably the analyst and the historian of psychoanalysis.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed1987

American surgical biographies.

Finding adequate biographical data on a given surgeon can cause great difficulty because of the lack of a single source containing biographies of these people. This article provides short biographies of 15 American surgeons of the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries: Henry Jacob Bigelow, Joseph Decatur Bryant, Gurdon Buck, John Murray Carnochan, John Syng Dorsey, George Michael Edebohls, Christian Fenger, George Ryerson Fowler, Arpad Geza Charles Gerster, William Gibson, Frank Hastings Hamilton, William Tod Helmuth, Andrew Jackson Howe, Joseph Pancoast, and John Allan Wyeth.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1993

[Medical biography: living fossils and return of the subject].

Biography, long shunned in the universities, has taken a dazzling revenge since the early 1980s--against the "Annales", to be sure, but also under the influence of "new history". As regards the history of medicine, the situation remains ambiguous. Biography, marrying ethics and progress, has always enjoyed a special place in the hearts of traditionalists; the partisans of "problem history" consider the genre pre- or ahistoric. However, for the last twenty years several authors, fascinated by the richness of individual destinies and anxious to transcend their irreducible singularities, have opened up new paths to reconciling the individual with anthropological and social history.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed2001

[Occupational choice and biography - biographical diagnostics as an approach to accessing the individual's perceptual horizons and resources in the context of vocational rehabilitation].

This contribution is focused on the core tenet that the process of choice of occupation must encompass in its everyday routines the disabled person's biography, his or her life experiences, biographical self-appraisals as well as action orientations. Unless this is achieved, its professional strategies and interventions will remain prone to missing, or even counteracting, the biographical resources as well as thinking and perceptions of its clients. Biographical Diagnostics is presented here as a method seeking to access the individual in the process of choice of occupation in an understanding manner. It constitutes a new concept in terms of a biography-based, hermeneutic case approach conceived for implementation in the everyday routines of vocational rehabilitation. Two case examples serve to explicate the method of Biographical Diagnostics and set out the relevancy of a biographical orientation in the process of occupational choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Biography as therapy.

The feeling that life has had no meaning is an impediment to a peaceful death. Life review enables a person to identify events that have been of worth and so enhances self-esteem. This approach has been extended and formalized by establishing a biographer service to compile oral and written biographies of patients who may be expected to benefit from such a re-examination of their lives. The service is now also being offered to patients whose disability precludes most other forms of activity. The value of biography as therapy is considered and it is concluded that it has much to offer in the circumstances described.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The cultural context of polio biographies.

Cultural contexts influence the ways individuals interpret and experience functional losses associated with post-polio sequelae. Using in-depth multiple interview case studies from two National Institute on Aging projects, the concept of "biographies" is presented to place the individuals' polio-related experiences within the context of their lives. Two major cultural contexts shape the construction of polio biographies: normative life course expectations and developmental tasks; and traditions associated with polio recovery and rehabilitation. The authors identify key dimensions of personal concern among polio survivors that can be used as entrance points for effective clinical intervention and to promote treatment compliance.

Activities of Daily Living↗