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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Shower-bath and its influence on the behaviour of the aerobic resident flora of the human skin. Half-side comparisons between a single shower bath with and without bath supplements (author's transl)].

A method for the in vivo investigation of shower-bath supplements and their influences on the human skin flora is presented. The shower-bath supplement is added in a constant dosis directly to the shower-jet to obtain constant conditions of shower-bathing on the human skin. Different concentrations of the shower-bath supplement in neighboured areas of the skin can be avoided and this allows to make comparative investigations of the effect of shower-bath supplements to the normal human skin flora. The reproducibility of the results and the accuracy of the method were investigated in half-side comparisons of the aerobic resident flora of the flexor sides of the forearms in three groups of volunteers, 60 persons in total. A marketable product in two slightly differing modificatons was used as shower-bath supplement. Half-side comparisons between each of the two supplements against water alone and between the shower-bath supplements directly were performed. The detergent washing method was used for sampling the skin flora. Statistically significant changes of the aerobic resident flora in the half-side comparison between the two supplements were obvious only 24 h after a single bath. It could be proved that the results can be reproduced at different times and with different groups of vlunteers. Further more, that a half-side comparison between th two shower-bath supplements detects more sensible differences in the effect on the human skin flora of the two marketable products than the comparison of each supplement with water alone.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of the effects of carbonated baths with those of carbon dioxide baths, "dry baths"].

Therapeutic activities of CO2 water bathes are explained by a synergism between many factors. The first ones are related to immersion it-self: hydrostatic pressure and Archimedes force inducing orthosympathetic inhibition and muscular relaxation. The second ones depend on the pharmacological properties of carbon dioxide acting directly on the blood vessels of the skin, causing vasodilation and heat sensation. As "dry" carbon dioxide bath is devoid of the physical factors which are necessary for a successful therapeutic activity, such an administration has no interest in balneotherapy.

Balneology↗
PubMed2002

Effects of room temperature on physiological and subjective responses during whole-body bathing, half-body bathing and showering.

The effects of bathroom thermal conditions on physiological and subjective responses were evaluated before, during, and after whole-body bath (W-bath), half-body bath (H-bath) and showering. The air temperature of the dressing room and bathroom was controlled at 10 degrees C, 17.5 degrees C, and 25 degrees C. Eight healthy males bathed for 10 min under nine conditions on separate days. The water temperature of the bathtub and shower was controlled at 40 degrees C and 41 degrees C, respectively. Rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Tsk), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), body weight loss and blood characteristics (hematocrit: Hct, hemoglobin: Hb) were evaluated. Also, thermal sensation (TS), thermal comfort (TC) and thermal acceptability (TA) were recorded. BP decreased rapidly during W-bath and H-bath compared to showering. HR during W-bath was significantly higher than for H-bath and showering (p < 0.01). The double products due to W-bath during bathing were also greater than for H-bath and showering (p < 0.05). There were no distinct differences in Hct and Hb among the nine conditions. However, significant differences in body weight loss were observed among the bathing methods: W-bath > H-bath > showering (p < 0.001). W-bath showed the largest increase in Tre and Tsk, followed by H-bath, and showering. Significant differences in Tre after bathing among the room temperatures were found only at H-bath. The changes in Tre after bathing for H-bath at 25 degrees C were similar to those for W-bath at 17.5 degrees C and 10 degrees C. TS and TC after bathing significantly differed for the three bathing methods at 17.5 degrees C and 10 degrees C (TS: p < 0.01 TC: p < 0.001). Especially, for showering, the largest number of subjects felt "cold" and "uncomfortable". Even though all of the subjects could accept the 10 degrees C condition after W-bath, such conditions were intolerable to half of them after showering. These results suggested that the physiological strains during H-bath and showering were smaller than during W-bath. However, colder room temperatures made it more difficult to retain body warmth after H-bath and created thermal discomfort after showering. It is particularly important for H-bath and showering to maintain an acceptable temperature in the dressing room and bathroom, in order to bathe comfortably and ensure warmth.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1997

[Stimulation for sebum excretion of PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs on bathing ceramic sand bath].

We previously reported that high risk environmental contaminants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are excreted not only in feces but also in the sebum of the face and body in both normal subjects and Yusho patients. A combination of administration of rice bran fiber and cholestyramine increased fecal excretion of PCDFs and PCBs. In the present study, we stimulated excretion of these compounds in sebum using a ceramic sand bath, a kind of sand bath using small ceramic balls (3.5 mm diameter) instead of natural sand. Five normal volunteers participated in this experiment. Sebum eliminated from the body on bathing ceramic sand bath was collected and weighed and then concentrations of the compounds interest in the sebum were determined. We also examined the effects varying the bath conditions such as temperature of sand, length of bathing time and frequency of taking bath on the amounts of the compounds in the eliminated sebum. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The average amount of sebum per one bath eliminated from the body during the ceramic sand bath was 0.252 g, and those of PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs in it were 2.2, 2.0 and 2.2 pg of TEQ (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalent quantity). It was considered that the amounts of these compounds corresponded to between one quarter and third of those eliminated through the sebum in a day. On the other hand, 0.05 g of the sebum was collected from the face during the bath, included 0.39, 0.39 and 0.59 pg TEQ for PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs, respectively. 2. As the number of bathing times a day increased, the amount of sebum per bath gradually decreased. However, we could not determine the influence of the conditions of the bath such as temperature and time.

Ammotherapy↗
PubMed2001

Correlation between 8-methoxypsoralen bath-water concentration and photosensitivity in bath-PUVA treatment.

BACKGROUND: Bath-PUVA treatment, originally established in Scandinavia, offers several advantages over oral PUVA and has become increasingly popular in recent years. Outside Scandinavia 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) is the prevailing photosensitizer for this PUVA modality and is used arbitrarily in a wide range of concentrations. Up to the present, data are lacking on the impact of 8-MOP bath-water concentration on UVA dosimetry. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the influence of increasing 8-MOP bath-water concentrations on photosensitivity in bath-PUVA treatment. METHODS: Fifteen healthy volunteers without abnormal photosensitivity or recent exposure to ultraviolet radiation were included in an intraindividually controlled comparison study. In all volunteers the minimal phototoxic dose (MPD) was determined on the volar side of their forearms after immersion for 20 minutes in 4 different 8-MOP bath-water concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/L). The correlation between 8-MOP concentration and photosensitivity (defined as the reciprocal value of the MPD) was analyzed by linear regression analysis. In addition, the time course of erythema formation and the UVA dose-erythema response curve was assessed for each psoralen concentration. RESULTS: The median MPD and the 25%-75% interquartile were 5.7 J/cm(2) (5.7-8), 4 J/cm(2) (4-5.7), 2.8 J/cm(2) (2.8-5.7), and 2 J/cm(2) (2-2.8) at an 8-MOP concentration of 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 mg/L, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between 8-MOP bath-water concentration and photosensitivity (r = 0.98; P =.019). Bath-PUVA-induced erythema peaked after a median time interval of 3 days, with a range of 2 to 4 days. The slope of the UVA dose-erythema response curve was similar for all psoralen concentrations. CONCLUSION: UVA dose requirements in bath-PUVA treatment decrease linearly with increasing 8-MOP concentrations. A single MPD assessment at 72 hours after the UVA exposure is inappropriate for accurate determination of the patients' photosensitivity. The hazard of wrong UVA dosimetry is comparable at all psoralen concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of basin baths, tub baths, and showers on cardiovascular responses in 51 health men and women.

Heart rate and blood pressure during rest and bathing are generally lower in healthy individuals than in hospitalized patients. However, medications can exaggerate or attenuate patients' responses. Heart rate and blood pressure are highest during showering and lowest during basin baths in both patients and healthy subjects, but the differences among the three types of bathing are not clinically dramatic. In addition, the vigor of the activity can be easily controlled; hospitalized patients naturally conserve effort and move more slowly and deliberately than healthy individuals. A tachycardic response to bathing seems to be common in both healthy subjects and hospitalized patients. Careful control of water temperature and heart rate monitoring during bathing appear to be indicated when hospitalized cardiac patients bathe. Comparison of responses to sitting and standing showering would be worthwhile. The findings of this study help delineate the typical cardiovascular responses of healthy adults to three methods of bathing. The findings also emphasize gender differences and the importance of studying both men and women. Only by determining normal responses in men and women can abnormal responses be recognized. More study on cardiovascular responses to bathing and other common activities in both healthy and sick persons is clearly needed to better describe, explain, predict, and control responses to activity and to build a scientific foundation for activity prescription and restriction.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Innovative balneotherapy with reduced bath volume: foil baths].

Balneo-phototherapy, in which salt baths are followed by UV-B irradiation, has proved successful in the treatment of psoriasis. Because of practical problems, the major one of which is the large turnover of bath solution volumes, balneotherapy has so far been limited to specialized treatment centres. With the aid of a polyethylene foil the volume of bathing solutions needed can be reduced to a total of 41 per bath. Balneotherapy using small bath solution volumes for total body treatment can now be applied as an outpatient regimen for salt bath and bath-PUVA therapy. The methods for establishing balneotherapy with restricted water volumes and the advantages of bath-PUVA over conventional oral psoralen therapy are described.

Balneology↗
PubMed2000

Correlation between bathing time and photosensitivity in 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) bath PUVA.

Bath PUVA (psoralen plus ultraviolet A) using 8-methoxypsoralen has become increasingly popular in recent years as an effective treatment option for a continuously expanding range of skin disorders. Among the various variables of bath PUVA treatment, the impact of bathing time on photosensitivity has never been investigated in detail. We therefore determined the threshold UVA dose for erythema induction after different bathing periods. A marked influence of bathing time on photosensitivity was found. Increasing the soaking period from 5 min to 30 min resulted in a greater than 60% reduction of the minimal phototoxic and minimal perceptible phototoxic dose. Our results demonstrate that the duration of the psoralen bath is a critical parameter in bath PUVA treatment and has a major influence on UVA dose requirements.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from 24 hr-home bath water and an eradication trial of the bacteria from the bath].

Contamination of 24 hr home bath with Legionella pneumophila is recently well recognized. Eradication of the water-bath contamination from L. pneumophila and other bacteria is an important matter to prevent the infection because the 24 hr-bathing facility is widely accepted in Japanese houses. Among the 16 bathing water samples we tested, Legionella pneumophia was isolated from 6 cases (37.5%) when the bathing water was not treated with disinfectants. Number of L. pneumophila increased up to 10(3) cfu/ml and total culturable bacterial counts reached to 10(5) cfu/ml within 5 days when the water was not treated. We selected 5 water baths among 6 positive cases to study the bactericidal effect of chlorine. As a result we concluded that the growth of L. pneumophila in 24 hr-water bath could be stopped by the 2 ppm chlorination program every day.

Baths↗
PubMed1994

'To bathe or not to bathe' during the first stage of labor.

OBJECTIVE: Does a warm tub bath relieve labor pain? How is it experienced by the parturient? METHODS DESIGN: prospective randomised trial. SETTING: labor ward of a teaching hospital with a uniform active labor management. PARTICIPANTS: one hundred and ten nulliparous low risk women, at term, in true spontaneous labor. Fifty-four women had a bath, 56 women served as controls. MEAN OUTCOME MEASURES: labor pain (assessed by means of a visual analogue scale) and post partum patients' bathing experience (by means of a self-made questionnaire). RESULTS: The study group and the control group were comparable with respect to maternal age, weight, length, duration of gestation, cervical status and labor pain sensation before randomisation. Absolute values of labor pain were not statistically different between the two groups, yet this latter progressed differently: in the bathing group the initial pain sensation (V.A.S.) was 6.8, and this remained stable during the first 25 minutes (V.A.S. = 6.7) and then rose to 8.2 after a mean of 53 minutes. In the control group, labor pain rose progressively from 6.3 to 7.3 after 25 min and to 8.7 after a mean of 52 min (p < 0.01, Student t-test). There was no difference in the use of epidural analgesia. There were no differences in labor duration nor in the frequencies of either operative deliveries or neonatal complications. Eighty percent of the bathers experienced soothing of the pain and all but one reported body relaxation. Ninety percent wanted to bathe again during a next labor. CONCLUSION: Bathing provided no objective pain relief. It had, however, a temporal pain stabilizing effect possibly mediated through the improved ability to relax in between contractions. No side effects were found. It gives great satisfaction to users. Bathing, in conjunction with other forms of analgesia, is recommended.

Adult↗