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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Up to 30% of mothers develop acute pyelonephritis if asymptomatic bacteriuria is untreated. Asymptomatic bacteriuria may have a role in preterm birth, or it may be a marker for low socioeconomic status and thus, low birth weight. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effect of antibiotic treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria on persistent bacteriuria during pregnancy, the risk of preterm delivery and the development of pyelonephritis after delivery. SEARCH STRATEGY: I searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials comparing antibiotic treatment with placebo or no treatment in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria found on antenatal screening. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Trial quality was assessed. MAIN RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included. Overall the study quality was not strong. Antibiotic treatment compared to placebo or no treatment was effective in clearing asymptomatic bacteriuria (odds ratio 0.07, 95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.10). The incidence of pyelonephritis was reduced (odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 0.32). Antibiotic treatment was also associated with a reduction in the incidence of preterm delivery or low birth weight babies (odds ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.45 to 0.80). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic treatment appears to be effective in reducing the risk of pyelonephritis in pregnancy. An apparent reduction in preterm delivery is consistent with current theories about the role of infection in preterm birth, but this association should be interpreted with caution.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1998

[Asymptomatic bacteriuria or "detected" bacteriuria in the female. Incidence in our health area].

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in women consulting at our hospital and its relationship with other chronic diseases. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 735 women who had consulted at our hospital from February to September, 1996. Urinary sediment, serial urine culture, serum urea and creatinine values were analyzed. Patient records were reviewed to obtain pertinent data for the study. RESULTS: The incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 8%; 47.4% of the cases were women over 60 years of age. E. coli was identified as the causative organism in 77.9% of the urine cultures. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent associated chronic disease (27.1%). The incidence of renal damage was not statistically significant and was not directly related with bacteriuria. CONCLUSIONS: We emphasize the importance of performing a urine culture when leukocyturia is detected. The incidence of asymptomatic bacteriuria increases with age. E. coli was the most frequent causative organism. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent associated chronic disease. The incidence of renal damage was not statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. VI. The correlation between urinary and faecal Escherichia coli. Relation to the duration of the bacteriuria and the sampling technique.

The occurrence of the urinary strain in the anus, rectum and faeces was investigated in 27 girls with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). In patients with bacteriuria of relatively short duration 46% of the faecal isolates were of the urinary strain as compared to only 18% in patients with bacteriuria of relatively long duration. In general the correlation between the urinary and faecal flora is striking at the time of establishment of ABU but diminishes with time. The diminished correlation may be due to two factors: firstly, the composition of the faecal flora changes with time. Secondly, the correlation may be obscured by complex changes in the properties of bacterial strains established in the urinary tract. Contamination by the infected urine did not seem to be a serious problem when the rectal mucosa was swabbed proximal to the anal canal.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1982

Analysis of the disagreement between automated bioluminescence-based and culture methods for detecting significant bacteriuria, with proposals for standardizing evaluations of bacteriuria detection methods.

A fully automated method for detecting significant bacteriuria is described which uses firefly luciferin and luciferase to detect bacterial ATP in urine. The automated method was calibrated and evaluated, using 308 urine specimens, against two reference culture methods. We obtained a specificity of 0.79 and sensitivity of 0.75 using a quantitative pour plate reference test and a specificity of 0.79 and a sensitivity of 0.90 using a semiquantitative standard loop reference test. The majority of specimens negative by the automated test but positive by the pour plate reference test were specimens which grew several bacterial species. We suggest that such disagreement was most likely for urine containing around 10(5) colony-forming units per ml (the culture threshold of positivity) and that these specimens were ones contaminated by urethral or vaginal flora. We propose standard procedures for calibrating and evaluating rapid or automated methods for the detection of significant bacteriuria and have analyzed our results using these procedures. We recommend that identical analyses should be reported for other evaluations of bacteriuria detection methods.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2001

Use of antibiotics to treat bacteriuria of pregnancy in the Nordic countries. Which antibiotics are appropriate to treat bacteriuria of pregnancy?

Bacteriuria in pregnancy with or without clinical symptoms is frequent and increases the risk of pyelonephritis, preterm labour, and low birth weight infants. Commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin (pivampicillin), amoxicillin, trimethoprim, and sulphonamide are currently associated with a high degree of resistance of the most common pathogen in the urinary tract, Escherichia coli. During the past few decades a number of new and efficient antibacterial antibiotics have been developed. The presumption that a specific drug is safe for both the pregnant woman and the foetus depends on how widely the drug has been used. A recent survey among general practitioners and obstetricians in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden confirmed that the beta-lactam antibiotic pivmecillinam and nitrofurantoin are the most commonly used agents in the treatment of bacteriuria in pregnancy in the Nordic countries. However, a surprisingly high number of physicians reported that they prescribe sulphonamides during the first two trimesters in spite of resistance of E. coli and possible adverse effects on the foetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Bacteriuria in a Scottish island community. A comparison of chemical and cultural tests for bacteriuria applied in remote surroundings.

Four hundred and thirty-eight overtly healthy adults on Tiree were screened for bacteriuria by dip-inoculum culture and a tetrazolium reductase test.Dip-inoculum culture affords a simple and effective means of providing a service in quantitative urine bacteriology for communities remote from a laboratory.The pattern of bacteriuria on Tiree is much the same as in other communities surveyed. Criteria are discussed for assessing the sensitivity of the tetrazolium test in terms of quantitative urine culture.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Bacteriuria in the catheterized patient. What quantitative level of bacteriuria is relevant?

We studied 110 catheterized patients to determine the concentration of microorganisms that would indicate infection in urine aspirated from an indwelling urethral catheter. High-level bacteriuria or candiduria (greater than 10(5) colony-forming units per milliliter) developed in 34 patients. However, low-level bacteriuria or candiduria (less than 10(5) organisms per milliliter), which developed in 41 patients, progressed to concentrations above 10(5) organisms per milliliter 96 per cent of the time (P less than 0.001), usually within three days of the initial culture showing growth, unless the patient received intercurrent suppressive antimicrobial therapy. We conclude that the urinary tract of catheterized patients is highly susceptible to infection once small numbers of microorganisms gain access and that a concentration considerably below 10(5) organisms per milliliter may be clinically and epidemiologically important in this setting.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1977

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. VII. A follow-up study of the urinary tract in treated and untreated schoolgirls with asymptomatic bacteriuria.

The urinary tracts of 116 schoolgirls with asymptomatic bacteriuria detected at screening were investigated by excretory urography and micturition cystourethrography. Three years later the studies were repeated in 11 patients with scarred kidneys, 11 patients with unscarred kidneys plus reflux, and 14 untreated patients with radiologically normal urinary tracts. Exceptionally small scarred kidneys showed little growth. Unscarred kidneys with vesico-ureteral reflux exhibited normal growth, as did unscarred kidneys in untreated patients. The risk of kidney damage developing as a result of asymptomatic bacteriuria in a schoolgirl with a radiologically normal urinary tract seems to be small.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. II. Differences in escherichia coli causing asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Three hundred and forty-three E. coli strains isolated from the urine of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), symptomatic cystitis, or pyelonephritis were analysed with regard to O group distribution and sensitivity to the bactericidal effect of normal serum. Strains of O groups 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 16, 18 and 75 were found in 31.3% in ABU, in 58.7% in cystitis and in 79.8% in pyelonephritis. Spontaneous agglutination was noted in 45.2% of ABU, 6.5% of cystitis and 1.7% of pyelonephritis strains. The strains from patients with ABU were significantly more sensitive to the bactericidal effect of normal serum than were those from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infection. In some patients with untreated ABU, changes in the characteristics of the urinary strains isolated were noted. The strains tended to become spontaneously agglutinating as well as more sensitive to the bactericidal activity of normal serum. The strains found in patients with ABU probably had an altered cell wall compared with those found in patients with symptomatic infections such that they produce fewer symptoms and possibly be less virulent.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2000

Asymptomatic bacteriuria may be considered a complication in women with diabetes. Diabetes Mellitus Women Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Utrecht Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of and risk factors for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in women with and without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 636 nonpregnant women with diabetes (type 1 and type 2) who were 18-75 years of age and had no abnormalities of the urinary tract, and 153 women without diabetes who were visiting the eye and trauma outpatient clinic (control subjects) were included. We defined ASB as the presence of at least 10(5) colony-forming units/ml of 1 or 2 bacterial species in a culture of clean-voided midstream urine from an individual without symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). RESULTS: The prevalence of ASB was 26% in the diabetic women and 6% in the control subjects (P < 0.001). The prevalence of ASB in women with type 1 diabetes was 21%. Risk factors for ASB in type 1 diabetic women included a longer duration of diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, and macroalbuminuria. The prevalence of ASB was 29% in women with type 2 diabetes. Risk factors for ASB in type 2 diabetic women included age, macroalbuminuria, a lower BMI, and a UTI during the previous year. No association was evident between current HbA1c level and the presence of ASB. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ASB is increased in women with diabetes and might be added to the list of diabetic complications in these women.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Bacteriuria during follow-up in patients with spinal cord injury: I. Rates of bacteriuria in various bladder-emptying methods.

Data from serial follow-up evaluations of 103 patients with traumatic and atraumatic myelopathy were recorded to determine rates of significant bacteriuria associated with various types of bladder emptying in an outpatient population. Urine culture specimens were obtained by sterile catheterization. Rates of urinary tract infection in bladder-retrained patients, patients using intermittent self-catheterization, and patients with indwelling catheters were compared at sequential follow-up visits. Infection rates were similar (20% to 30%) in persons with catheter-free voiding after successful bladder retraining and in those using sterile intermittent self-catheterization. In the latter group, however, there was a trend toward higher infection rates beyond 15 months after rehabilitation. As expected, persons with indwelling catheters had universally high infection rates. Generally lower infection rates were found in persons with incomplete myelopathies (18%) than in those with complete myelopathies (34%). Tetraplegic persons had 2.5 times the infection rate of paraplegic persons in the bladder-retrained group. Infection rates tended to be lower in persons with lower motor neuron bladder dysfunction than in those with upper motor neuron or mixed bladder dysfunction.

Bacteriuria↗