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9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

The pharmacology of Avena sativa.

The pharmacology of Avena sativa has been investigated in laboratory animals following a report that tincture of Avena sativa reduced the craying for cigarettes in man. The tincture, evaporated to dryness, craving for cigarettes in man. The tincture, evaporated to dryness, re-constituted in an equal volume of water and administered by stomach tube or intraperitoneal injection, antagonized the antinociceptive effect of morphine in two separate test (hot-plate and tail flick). Compared with animals made depedent on morphine alone, mice pretreated with repeated injections of morphine plus extract passed a smaller number of stools and tended to jump less after administration of nalorphine. The pressor response to intravenously administered nicotine in urethane-anaesthetized rats was also antagonized by prior administration of Avena sativa. However, the aqueous extract prepared from the tincture did not affect the seizure threshold to bemegride or nicotine or the sleeping time induced by barbitone sodium.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Pharmacotherapy with avena sativa - a double blind study.

Hundred non-hospitalized smokers with an average consumption of 20 cigarettes per day were treated with an alcoholic extract of Avena sativa for disaccustoming. The study was double blind. By using query-sheets personal contact was excluded. The first result was a placebo-effect of 35% for disaccustoming of smokers and no statistically significant effect of the extract of Avena sativa. The second result was a difference of disaccustoming between light and heavy smokers. It was shown, that the rate of disaccustoming was higher for light smokers than for smokers with a high consumption of cigarettes.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1976

Extraction and purification of a substance with luteinizing hormone releasing activity from the leaves of Avena sativa.

Attempts were made to purify the LH-releasing substance extracted from the leaves of Avena sativa by means of two-step chromatographic procedures using a weakly acidic ion-exchange resin (CG-50,type II) and DEAE-Sephadex A-25 (coarse) with successful results. For preliminary fractionation of such starting materials as dried leaves, fresh leaves, and acetone-extracted powder(crude extracts), 5% acetate-buffered active carbon proved to be more effective than starch zone electrophoresis. From its behavior on chromatography with weakly acidic ion-exchange resins as well as Sephadex gel filtration, the active fraction extracted from the leaves of Avena saliva was assumed to be different from the LH-RH present in the hypothalamus. This partially purified material, however, was demonstrated to have an LH-releasing activity by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method using Wistar-Imamichi strain rats. Evidence was presented that its site of action is in the adenohypophysis.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Functional Characterization of the Oat (Avena sativa L.) TCP Transcription Factor AsTCP38 Reveals Its Role in Low-Nitrogen Stress Tolerance.

Nitrogen limitation restricts plant growth, development, and yield in crops and forage species. Although TCP transcription factors are implicated in diverse abiotic-stress responses, the functions of most TCP genes in oat remain unclear. Here, we cloned and characterized the AsTCP38 gene, which is 1215 bp long and encodes a 405-amino-acid protein. The predicted protein contains a conserved TCP domain and shares its highest sequence similarity with Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) AtTCP15. The AsTCP38 protein localized to the nucleus, and promoter analysis identified cis-elements associated with light, hormone, and stress responses. We generated AsTCP38-overexpressing A. thaliana and wheat plants and screened an oat leaf yeast cDNA library for candidate interacting proteins. In these heterologous overexpression lines, AsTCP38 overexpression was associated with greater abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity and improved seedling growth under low-nitrogen conditions. Changes in antioxidant-enzyme activities, nitrogen-metabolism-related enzyme activities, and endogenous hormone contents were also observed. Together, these findings suggest that AsTCP38 may participate in low-nitrogen responses and provide a basis for further functional studies in oat. Direct regulatory targets and the contribution of AsTCP38 to low-nitrogen adaptation in oat remain to be established.

Avena↗
PubMed2024

Identification and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase family in oat (Avena sativa L.) and their functions in response to saline-alkali stresses.

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) serve as calcium ion sensors and play crucial roles in all aspects of plant life cycle. While CDPK gene family has been extensively studied in various plants, there is limited information available for CDPK members in oat, an important cereal crop worldwide. Totally, 60 AsCDPK genes were identified in oat genome and were classified into four subfamilies based on their phylogenetic relationship. The members within each subfamily shared similar gene structure and conserved motifs. Collinearity analysis revealed that AsCDPK gene amplification was attributed to segmental duplication events and underwent strong purifying selection. AsCDPK promoters were predicted to contain cis-acting elements associated with hormones, biotic and abiotic stresses. AsCDPK gene expressions were induced by different salt stresses, exhibiting stress-specific under different salt treatments. Moreover, overexpression of AsCDPK26 gene enhanced salt resistance in C. reinhardtii, a single-cell photoautotrophic model plants. Further analysis revealed a significant correlation between AsCDPK26 and Na+/H+ antiporter 1 (p<0.05), suggesting that AsCDPK26 may interact with ion transporter to modulate salt resistance. These results not only provide valuable insights into AsCDPK genes in response to different salt stresses, but also lay the foundation to mine novel candidates for improving salt tolerance in oat and other crops.

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii↗
PubMed2026

Finlay-Wilkinson random regression for yield and yield stability prediction in cereals.

Year-to-year climate variability poses a challenge for agriculture by increasing crop yield variability; therefore, there is a need to identify genotypes that can withstand these fluctuations. With the right selection criteria, genotypes with yield stability across variable environmental conditions can be selected. Methods such as Finlay-Wilkinson random regression (FWRR) may allow us to use sparse datasets-common in plant breeding pipelines-and incorporate genomic data to leverage phenotypic information from related genotypes to predict yield stability. Our objective was to examine how the number of environments and the variance among those environments affect stability predictions. We also integrate FWRR as a genomic prediction tool for characterizing yield stability, comparing it to the traditional genomic prediction models as a reference. We used three datasets: one highly unbalanced dataset for oats (Avena sativa L.) and two completely balanced datasets with different numbers of environments for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We fit standard Finlay-Wilkinson (FW) and FWRR models to estimate grain yield and stability under various scenarios. We found that the estimated stability values obtained were similar using balanced datasets for FW or FWRR. FWRR also achieved moderate predictive ability for stability using unbalanced datasets under 10-fold cross-validation (CV1) with new genotypes. In terms of environmental representation, selecting the right set of environments for inclusion in the model was more important than adding more environments. Our results suggest the possibility of using FWRR to select stable genotypes earlier in line development, as well as to design resource-efficient stability-testing schemes.

Hordeum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Modification of smoking behavior using long-distance methods].

906 persons willing to quit smoking were allocated at random to several groups. The results show that (1) an extract of avena sativa has no effect on quantity smoked; (2) distribution of the various parts of a smoking cessation program over several days was no more effective than distribution at once; (3) stopping at once was more effective than progressive reduction of cigarettes smoked.

Edible Grain↗
PubMed2025

Global genomic population structure of wild and cultivated oat reveals signatures of chromosome rearrangements.

The genus Avena consists of approximately 30 wild and cultivated oat species. Cultivated oat is an important food crop, yet the broader genetic diversity within the Avena gene pool remains underexplored and underexploited. Here, we characterize over 9000 wild and cultivated hexaploid oat accessions of global origin using genotyping-by-sequencing and explore population structure using multidimensional scaling and population-based clustering methods. We also conduct analyses to reveal chromosome regions associated with local adaptation, sometimes resulting from large-scale chromosome rearrangements. We report four distinct genetic populations within the wild species A. sterilis, a distinct population of cultivated A. byzantina, and multiple populations within cultivated A. sativa. Some chromosome regions associated with local adaptation are also associated with confirmed structural rearrangements on chromosomes 1A, 1C, 3C, 4C, and 7D. This work provides evidence suggesting multiple polyploid origins, multiple domestications, and/or reproductive barriers amongst Avena populations caused by differential chromosome structure.

Avena↗