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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Autosuggestibility in memory development.

Autosuggestibility is a potentially common source of false memories in children. We studied a form of autosuggestibility in which children's answers to memory tests were shifted in the direction of their illogical solutions to reasoning problems. In Experiments 1 and 2, illogic-consistent shifts were identified in children's memories of the numerical inputs on class-inclusion problems. The magnitudes of the shifts declined with age, and they appeared to be due to the intrusion of inappropriate gist on memory probes rather than retroactive interference from illogical reasoning. A model of how gist intrusion causes autosuggestibility was investigated in Experiments 3-5. The model assumes that children retrieve and process inappropriate gist when memory tests supply cues that are inadequate to permit access to verbatim memories.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

[Perioperative use of medical hypnosis. Therapy options for anaesthetists and surgeons].

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of patients under local anaesthesia is quite commonly restricted by limited compliance from the patient. An alternative to treatment under pharmacological sedation or general anaesthesia could be the application of medical hypnosis. With this method, both suggestive and autosuggestive procedures are used for anxiolysis, relaxation, sedation and analgesia of the patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 1-year period of first clinical application, a total of 207 surgical procedures on a non-selected collective of 174 patients were carried out under combined local anaesthesia and medical hypnosis. RESULTS: Medical hypnosis proved to be a standardisable and reliable method by which remarkable improvements in treatment conditions for both patient and surgeons were achievable. CONCLUSION: Medical hypnosis is not considered to be a substitute for conscious sedation or general anaesthesia but a therapeutic option equally interesting for anaesthesists and surgeons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Self-injurious behavior as a habit and its treatment.

The definition of self-injurious behavior applies to persons who hurt or harm themselves without the motive of suicide or of sexual deviation. The different aspects of self-injurious behavior and the theories explaining them are reviewed. For 5 years a young, intelligent woman had inflicted injuries upon herself with sharp instruments while ostensibly caring for her face and legs. The short-term hypnobehavioral treatment included keeping daily reports of her self-inflicted injuries and of her thoughts while executing them, finding alternative activities to replace her habit, and practicing self-hypnosis once a day. Increasing the level of understanding of her inner conflict and accenting ways of breaking the habit by means of positive autosuggestion proved very effective. The treatment was successful after 13 sessions.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Autogenous training--an anxiolytic and a factor contributing to the improvement of the quality of life.

Autogenous training in its narrow sense of meaning belongs to the group of supportive psychotherapeutic techniques. In fact, it is an autosuggestive relaxation. Autogenous training has been for decades successfully used as prevention to anxious reactions. Since anxiety is an etiological factor of numerous psychic and psychosomatic disturbances, positive implications of autogenous training have been considerably broadened. Life without anxiety belongs to a more qualitative form of life. Autogenous training directs the trainee towards introspection and self-analysis. Self-respect (self-esteem) is the consequence of our own work on ourselves.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2004

[The berserks--what was wrong with them?].

The terms berserk and going berserk reflect the violent and ferocious warriors and ruthless murderers of Scandinavia and Northern Europe, active from before the Viking age until the advent of Christianity. The main source on the phenomenon is the Old Norse literature, mainly the Icelandic sagas with their sober descriptive accounts of the berserks and their behaviour. The berserks are frequently depicted as having had antisocial character traits; often as bullies who evince, by way of autosuggestion, an enormous and uncontrollable rage, slaughtering and killing. They felt no pain and hardly took in the environment they lived in. The fits were followed by exhaustion or sleep. Although the phenomenon waned completely by the advent of Christianity, it can hardly be discarded as just myth or folklore. Most likely it could be explained as a kind of dissociative reaction. The widespread idea of toadstool as causative agent is at best debatable. The conceptions of pre-Christian heathenism about the human mind are of importance to the understanding of suggestibility and capacity for trance reaction. The condition is considered a culture-bound syndrome. Comparisons are drawn to lycanthropy (werewolf madness), frequently considered an identical phenomenon. Clinically (i.e. historically) it was mainly something different, namely psychotic conditions.

Aggression↗
PubMed1986

[Therapy and suggestion].

Therapy and suggestion are closely related. That is clear for the ancient time: primitive medicine gives a good place to the Word. In plant, animal or mineral remedies, the suggestion is clearly preponderant. Towards the end of the 19th century, the "Ecole de Nancy" sets up a real theory of the suggestion, and Bernheim, its leader, bases hypnosis, then psychotherapy on this concept. Thereafter Coué will bring up the "conscious autosuggestion". Today, despite the progress of scientific medicine, the part of suggestion is still very important in medical therapy (with or without drugs), or in chirurgical therapy; this part is also very important in psychotherapies, whatever has been said in this field. This has to be known and used consciously in the doctor-patient relation, which is always essential in the therapeutic effectiveness.

Autosuggestion↗
PubMed2004

[The role of imagination in modern medicine].

In Renaissance and early modern times, the concept of imagination (Latin imaginatio) was essential for the (natural) philosophical explanation of magic processes, especially in the anthropology of Paracelsus. He assumed that imagination was a natural vital power including cosmic, mental, phychical, and physical dimensions. The Paracelsians criticized traditional humor pathology ignoring their theory of' 'natural magic'. On the other hand, they were criticized by their adversaries as charlatans practicing 'black magic'. About 1800, in between enlightenment and romanticism, the healing concept of, animal magnetism' (Mesmerism) evoked an analogous debate, whether, magnetic' phenomena originated from a real (physical) power (so-called, fluidum') or were just due to fantasy or imagination (German Einbildungskraft). At the end of the 19th century, the French internist Hippolyte Bernheim created-against the background of medical hypnosis (hypnotism') as a consequence of Mesmerism - his theory of suggestion and autosuggestion: a new paradigm of psychological respectively psychosomatic medicine, which became the basis for the concept of, placebo' in modern biomedicine. From now on, all the effects of, alternative medicine' could easily be explained by the, placebo-effect', more or less founded - at least unconsciously - on fraud.

Europe↗
PubMed2002

[Recall and pseudo-memory. On the yearning to be a trauma victim].

Memories are not called up from "storage" but instead are constructed anew in each case. Although many experiments have proven that memories are visual and inaccurate, many psychotherapists still assume that memories which surface during therapy are realistic representations of facts. They do not take into account that reminiscences (pseudomemories) of events can be planted in the memory by the imagination or through behavioral pressure. In light of this, the question arises as to why some patients during therapy tend to invent in particular memories of traumatic early childhood experiences. The authors assume that certain suggestive elements come to bear with victimization. The advantage gained is of great importance and has many facets. The case of Wilkomirski proves that mystification of the ego via identification with victims is not only provoked in psychotherapeutic treatment but also is a means of gaining public attention and support. As concerns the therapeutic handling of actual emotional traumatization (whose pathogenic significance and long-term effects used to be underestimated), suggestive and autosuggestive processes play a large role. In this respect, modern trauma research and psychotherapy are faced with special challenges.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Autogenic training reduces anxiety after coronary angioplasty: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: Autogenic training (AT) is a method of autosuggestion with some potential for reducing anxiety. This study tests whether AT lowers anxiety levels experienced by patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients were randomly assigned to receive regular AT or no such therapy as an adjunct to standard care for 5 months. The primary outcome measure was State Anxiety at 2 months. Qualitative information was generated by face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: State Anxiety showed a significant intergroup difference both at 2 and 5 months. This finding was corroborated by secondary outcome measures, for example, quality of life, and by qualitative information about patients' experiences. The results do not allow us to determine whether the observed effects are specific to AT or of a nonspecific nature. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that AT may have a role in reducing anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angioplasty.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Tape recorded hypnosis in oral and maxillofacial surgery--basics and first clinical experience.

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment of diseases of the oral and maxillofacial region under local anaesthesia is quite commonly restricted by limited patient compliance. 'Medical Hypnosis' could be an alternative to treatment under pharmacological sedation. With this method, both autosuggestive and other suggestive procedures are used for anxiolysis, relaxation, sedation and analgesia of the patient. The purpose of this paper was to see whether there could be any potential for this treatment when operating on oral and maxillofacial patients. METHODS: During a 1-year-trial period, 209 operations under combined local anaesthesia/medical hypnosis were carried out on 174 non-preselected patients between the ages of 13 and 87 years. The surgical range covered oral, plastic and reconstructive, oncological, septic and trauma operations. RESULTS: Medical hypnosis turned out to be a reliable and standardizable method with high patient compliance. Remarkable improvements in treatment conditions for both patient and surgeons were achieved in 93% of cases. CONCLUSION: Controlled clinical studies are now necessary to obtain objective data on the effectiveness of hypnosis-induced intraoperative effects in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Mechanisms of multiple chemical sensitivity.

Sensitivity to chemicals is a toxicological concept, contained in the dose-response relationship. Sensitivity also includes the concept of hypersensitivity, although controversy surrounds the nature of effects from very low exposures. The term multiple chemical sensitivity has been used to describe individuals with a debilitating, multi-organ sensitivity following chemical exposures. Many aspects of this condition extend the nature of sensitivity to low levels of exposure to chemicals, and is a designation with medical, immunological, neuropsychological and toxicological perspectives. The basis of MCS is still to be identified, although a large number of hypersensitivity, immunological, psychological, neurological and toxicological mechanisms have been suggested, including: allergy; autosuggestion; cacosomia; conditioned response; immunological; impairment of biochemical pathways involved in energy production; impairment of neurochemical pathways; illness belief system; limbic kindling; olfactory threshold sensitivity; panic disorder; psychosomatic condition; malingering; neurogenic inflammation; overload of biotransformation pathways (also linked with free radical production); psychological or psychiatric illness; airway reactivity; sensitisation of the neurological system; time dependent sensitisation, toxicant induced loss of tolerance. Most of these theories tend to break down into concepts involving: (1) disruption in immunological/allergy processes; (2) alteration in nervous system function; (3) changes in biochemical or biotransformation capacity; (4) changes in psychological/neurobehavioural function. Research into the possible mechanisms of MCS is far from complete. However, a number of promising avenues of investigation indicate that the possibility of alteration of the sensitivity of nervous system cells (neurogenic inflammation, limbic kindling, cacosomia, neurogenic switching) are a possible mechanism for MCS.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Projective identification and denial of pregnancy--considerations of the reasons and background of unrecognized pregnancy also undiagnosed by a physician].

BACKGROUND: In denial of pregnancy, the pregnant woman does not consciously perceive the pregnancy and, in extreme cases, awareness occurs only during delivery. The attending physicians also often fail to recognize the pregnancy, even though the somatic complaints leading to consultation with a physician are typically pregnancy associated. This "iatrogenic participation" was described in the earliest historical publications. Different theories are presented in this paper to elaborate this phenomenon. Elementary deficiencies in perception or incompetence do not explain most cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty five women with denial of pregnancy, interviews PSYCHODYNAMIC EXPLANATIONS: Based on the deep-rooted subjective attitude of not being pregnant, the pregnant woman is able to include family, friends, and associates into the denial of pregnancy mindset. In a similar way, she is able to influence her doctor. The woman's autosuggestive wishful notions of not being pregnant receive suggestive confirmation by the physician's misdiagnosis and lead to a continuing denial of pregnancy. PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION: In 1946, M. Klein introduced this term to describe a certain defense mechanism relating to fantasies and accompanying object relationships. The self initially successfully disposes of unwanted aspects, splits them off, and transfers them to another person, to finally reclaim them in a modified form. Certain elements of this psychoanalytical concept can characterize the interaction between physician and pregnant woman, which, in the case of denied pregnancies, does not lead to a diagnosis of pregnancy. Through projection, the pregnant woman is capable of manipulating the physician so that he perceives her, according to her wishes, as not being pregnant and misdiagnoses her correspondingly as "service in return". Opportunities for more mature handling of the denied content in terms of psychological development through accurate diagnosis of the pregnancy are indicated.

Adolescent↗