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Results for “Autonomic Nervous System Diseases”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD), affects 70% to 80% of patients, and causes significant morbidity and discomfort. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction symptoms in PD include sexual dysfunction, swallowing and gastrointestinal disorders, bowel and bladder abnormalities, sleep disturbances, and derangements of cardiovascular regulation, particularly, orthostatic hypotension. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in PD may be caused by an underlying degenerative process that affects the autonomic ganglia, brainstem nuclei, and hypothalamic nuclei. Anti-parkinsonian medications can cause or worsen symptoms of ANS dysfunction. The care of a PD patient with ANS dysfunction relies on its recognition and directed treatment, including coordinated care between the neurologist and appropriate subspecialist. Pharmacotherapy may be useful to treat orthostasis, gastrointestinal, urinary, and sexual dysfunction.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

The role of the autonomic nervous system in allergic diseases.

The autonomic nervous system plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, especially asthma. This paper details the components of the autonomic nervous system, defines the role that these individual components play in allergy and details the abnormalities found in the autonomic nervous system in allergic subjects that may contribute to the disease state.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[The present state of knowledge concerning the effect of electromagnetic fields of 50/60 Hz on the circulatory system and the autonomic nervous system].

Diseases of the circulatory system together with neoplastic diseases are recognised as the major health problem in the contemporary world. Their origin and aggravation may be related to the exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) since theoretically, disorders in the functioning of the circulatory system are most likely due to electric impulses generated in it by external magnetic fields. The nervous system, including its autonomic part which regulates, among others, the functioning of the circulatory system, because of its electric nature is another system which may be disturbed by EMFs. From the 1960s, biological studies on the effects of power-line frequency EMFs have been carried out in many countries. In view of the applied study model, four main directions of these studies can be identified: in vitro and in vivo animal experiments, experimental studies on humans, clinical and epidemiological studies. Experimental studies on animals and humans have yielded ambiguous and very often contradictory results. Some of them indicate that EMF contributes to slowing down the cardiac rhythm and the stroke volume of the left ventricle, other results suggest their acceleration, and still other show no differences. The results of clinical studies performed in many countries in different groups of workers exposed to power-line frequency EMFs have not produced the evidence for drawing unequivocal conclusions. Again some studies reveal that those exposed show disorders in neurovegetative and blood pressure regulations (hypotension or hypertension) as well as in cardiac rhythm (bradycardia or tachycardia). Other studies do not confirm harmful effect of EMF on the circulatory system. Therefore, it is not feasible to find out, on the basis of these studies, whether and how chronic exposure to power-line frequency EMFs influences the functioning of the circulatory system, the more so as ECG standard recording has been to date the only diagnostic method, and according to the present state of knowledge it is not sufficient to assess the functioning of the circulatory system. Epidemiological studies play the most important role in the evaluation of health effects of the exposure to power-line frequency EMFs. These studies have been carried out for fifteen years, however, they do not consider the effect of chronic exposure to EMF of 50 Hz frequency on the circulatory system.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Transfer function analysis of cerebral autoregulation dynamics in autonomic failure patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Autonomic nervous system diseases affect systemic blood pressure regulation. Patients with autonomic nervous system diseases have consistently larger drops in blood pressure associated with standing than the normal population. Autonomic dysfunction and/or these changes in blood pressure may affect dynamic cerebral autoregulation. METHODS: Heart rate, mean blood flow velocity (MBFV) of the middle cerebral artery via transcranial Doppler ultrasound, mean arterial blood pressure adjusted to brain level (MABPbrain) via Finapres, and end tidal CO2 were measured continuously during graded tilt (after 5 minutes in supine position as baseline, -10 degrees, +10 degrees, +30 degrees, +60 degrees, -10 degrees, and supine recovery) in autonomic failure patients and their age- and sex-matched control subjects. The dynamic response of MBFV to spontaneous variations in MABPbrain was investigated by cross-spectral analysis. The transfer gain and phase relationships between MBFV and MABPbrain were determined from the final 256 beats of each 5-minute-tilt segment. The transfer gain was normalized to mean MABPbrain and MBFV and then converted to decibels (dB). RESULTS: MBFV variation (0.03 to 0.14 Hz) preceded MABPbrain by similar phase angles in patients and control subjects and in all tilt conditions (patients: 31 +/- 5 degrees; control subjects: 30 +/- 5 degrees; mean +/- SEM). Patients had a higher supine gain than control subjects (P < .05). Both patients and control subjects showed a significant decrease in gain with tilt and by 60 degrees the patients were not different from the control subjects (supine to 60 degrees: patients = 5.23 +/- 0.77 to -1.65 +/- 0.89 dB; control subjects = 1.74 +/- 0.82 to -1.80 +/- 0.62 dB). CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate an altered, yet present, autoregulatory response with autonomic failure.

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed2003

Chagas' disease and the involvement of the autonomic nervous system.

Chagas' disease is a major endemic disease in Latin America and a great cause for concern due to its high incidence: it afflicts 16 to 18 million individuals and places over 90 million people at risk of infection. At present, five mechanisms can be proposed to explain the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas cardiopathy: 1. direct lesion of the tissue by Trypanosoma cruzi; 2. dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (neurogenic concept); 3. microvascular disease; 4. immunologic reaction; 5. alterations in the extracellular matrix. The neurogenic concept is the most attractive explanation for the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas cardiopathy through the involvement of the autonomic nervous system, an issue that has been prominent ever since Chagas first initiated research in the field. Köberle, in his pioneering studies on the role of the autonomic nervous system in Chagas patients in the 1950s, adopted the technique of neuron counts, whereby he registered a reduction in parasympathetic nerve cells, and thus considered Chagas cardiopathy a "parasympathetic reduction" with predominance of the sympathetic. In the 1960s, systematic studies on autonomic function, organized by Professor Dalmo Amorim, were initiated in the School of Medicine in Ribeirão Preto. Several aspects of cardiac autonomic control were later described independently by teams in Brazil (Ribeirão Preto and Brasília), Argentina (Cordoba) and Venezuela (Mérida). In general, the studies performed in Ribeirăo Preto by Amorim and Marin Neto and in Brasília by Junqueira Jr. reflected the functional involvement of the parasympathetic system, while the studies performed in Córdoba were linked with the view of cardiovascular sympathetic dysfunction. In Brazil, the involvement of the sympathetic system, with relation to the functional aspect of sympathetic denervation, is well characterized by Marin Neto through the assessment of heart rate using the tilt test in both Chagas and control groups. Further evidence of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in Chagas' disease as a factor modulating complex ventricular arrhythmias was demonstrated by Pedrosa (RJ), who reported on a specific group of chronic Chagas patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias and dilated cardiopathy. In this study, when serum from chronic Chagas patients showing neither complex ventricular arrhythmias nor ventricular dilation was inoculated in isolated rabbit hearts, it produced no harmful effect in the conduction system, in contrast to what was observed in the conduction system of rabbits inoculated with serum from the Chagas patients group with complex ventricular arrhythmias and ventricular dilatation. These facts confirm Carlos Chagas as the pioneer in postulating involvement of the autonomic nervous system in Chagas' disease, and provide an important opportunity to understand ventricular involvement in chronic Chagas cardiopathy.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMed1986

Signs of cardiac autonomic dysfunction during sleep in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) failure may be an important complication in some neurological diseases. Conventional tests for the assessment of ANS functions during wakefulness cannot be used for many patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DA) because of their poor cooperation. In 6 of 16 patients with presenile DAT we found signs of sympathetic cardiac dysfunction during sleep, measured as the decrease in body movement-related heart rate variation (Rbm). The study of Rbm during sleep seems to be a useful tool for ascertaining ANS function in DAT. The presence or absence of ANS dysfunction could be a more reliable criterion than age of onset for identifying subgroups of this disease.

Aged↗