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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Oral structural and neuromuscular characteristics in children with normal and disordered articulation.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether there were any signs of structural and/or neuromuscular aberrations in the speech mechanisms of children who were previously diagnosed as having "functional" articulation disorders. These children were compared with a group of normally articulating children. Results of in-depth oral mechanism examinations revealed no significant differences between these groups on any of the measures made. The clinical implications of such findings are discussed.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1989

The occurrence of developmental apraxia of speech in a mild articulation disorder: a case study.

Although Developmental Apraxia of Speech (DAS) often is considered a severe communication disorder, speech-language pathology literature supports the idea that DAS also can be exhibited in children with mildly disordered articulation. The case study is that of an elementary age client with a seemingly mild "r" articulation problem but who also presented characteristics consistent with DAS. Awareness of the possible presence of DAS when assessing and planning remediation for clients exhibiting mild articulation problems could increase the effectiveness of our professional services to these children.

Apraxias↗
PubMed1989

Perception of voiceless fricatives by children with a functional articulation disorder.

The two studies presented here examine the relationship between speech perception and speech production errors in children who have a functional articulation disorder. In both experiments, speech perception was assessed with a word identification test, based upon a synthesized continuum of speech stimuli, contrasting the specific phonemes that were associated with production errors in our sample of articulation-disordered subjects. Experiment 1 required subjects to identify words that contrasted the phonemes /s/ and /S/. In this test, adults, normal speaking 5-year-olds, and some articulation-disordered 5-year-olds identified the words seat and sheet appropriately and reliably. However, a subgroup of articulation-disordered children were unable to identify the test stimuli appropriately. Experiment 2 required a second group of subjects to identify words that contrasted the phonemes /s/ and /theta/. Although both adults and normal speaking children responded appropriately to the words sick and thick, in this test, none of the articulation-disordered children was able to identify these words appropriately. It is concluded that, for a subgroup of children who have a functional articulation disorder, production errors may reflect speech perception errors.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacotherapy of voice and articulation disorders in aphasia].

The phonation and articulation disorders in a group of aphasics with aphonia/dysarthrophonia could be considerably reduced by the use of medication. The group consisted of 10 apoplectic patients whose resulting aphasia could not be classified because of the vocal impairment. Extrapyramidal motion disorders were proved by laryngoscopy and stroboscopy. A definite improvement of phonation and articulation was observed after L-dopa medication.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1982

Morphophonemic rule learning in normal and articulation-disordered children.

This study investigated the phonological learning abilities of articulation-disordered children. Eight normally speaking and eight articulation-disordered kindergarten children were taught an artificial morphophonemic rule. The rule required the subjects to extract and organize phonological information by differentiating among the critical features of stop and fricative consonants. A miniature artificial language paradigm was used to teach the rule by auditorily presenting a limited number of examples of the rule and measuring generalization to untaught items. The groups were compared to determine if they differed in rate or accuracy of learning and generalization of the correct response. Individual patterns of learning were also examined. Results revealed essentially no differences in the way the two groups learned the stop class. In contrast, the disordered children incorporated fricatives into the rule more quickly than the normal children did. In addition, there was a trend for the disordered children to respond with more accuracy ad more generalized responses to the fricatives. This trend was unexpected and is discussed in terms of a sensitive period for learning phonological information.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1987

An instrumental phonetic study of lingual activity in articulation-disordered children.

Traditional auditory-based assessment procedures for diagnosing articulation disorders are limited in that they provide no direct information on activities of the speech organs. In this study electropalatography (EPG) was used to obtain details of tongue contacts with the hard palate in 4 articulation-disordered children, 2 of whom had been categorized as dysarthric. Their lingual-palatal contact patterns during four repetitions of word lists containing lingual consonants in different phonetic environments, were compared with each other and with a group of normal speakers. EPG provided relevant diagnostic information in that all 4 experimental subjects showed patterns that differed from the normals in both spatial configuration and variability. The nature of their distorted patterns allowed a tentative diagnosis of 2 of the children as verbal dyspraxic.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1986

The relationship between articulation disorders and motor coordination in children.

This study was designed to examine the relationship between articulation disorders, soft neurological signs, and motor abilities. Fifteen children with articulation problems, as measured by the Templin-Darley Articulation Screening Test and a connected speech sample, were compared with a normal control group (matched for sex and age) on the Quick Neurological Screening Test, the Imitation of Postures test (from the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests), and the 1984 version of the Stott Test of Motor Impairment that has been revised by Henderson. A significant difference was found between the groups on the Motor Impairment Test and the Quick Neurological Screening Test, supporting the hypothesis that the articulation disorder children would have more motor coordination problems and soft neurological signs than the normal children in the control group. There was no between-group difference on the Imitation of Postures test, suggesting that as a group, children with articulation deficits are not dyspraxic. This study supports other research findings stating a relationship between articulation problems and motor impairment, but it also indicates that this motor impairment is not necessarily dyspraxia.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Performance of articulation-disordered children on language and perception measures.

Five-year-old articulation-disordered children were classified as syllable reducers or as substituters. They were compared to each other and to normal controls on measures of expressive and receptive language and on preception of word-initial and word-final voicing contrasts. There were significant differences among the groups on several imitative expressive language measures, with the syllable reducers making both deletion and substitution errors and the substituters making substitution errors for functors. There were no significant differences on a receptive language measure, nor in perception of final voicing contrasts, but the articulation-disordered groups performed more poorly than the controls in perception of initial voicing contrasts. Children's familiarity with the stimulus words of the perception task was related to their performance on language measures. Word familiarity appeared to interact with the intrinsic difficulty of stimulus pairs in the case of word-final voicing contrasts.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1983

Voicing contrasts and their phonological implications in the speech of articulation-disordered children.

Five-year-old articulation-disordered children, some classified as substituters and some as syllable reducers, were compared with normal child and adult controls in their production of voicing contrasts. These contrasts occurred in minimal pairs containing word-final obstruents and in minimal triples containing word-initial stops and /s/-plus-stop clusters in initial position. Measures of vowel duration, voice onset time (VOT), and frequency of use of phonetic voicing were made from spectrograms. In every comparison the substituters' performance resembled that of the normal controls, as did the syllable reducers' use of VOT in stop singles. The syllable reducers used larger vowel duration ratios than the normal controls in a few minimal pairs and used phonetic voicing less often in word-initial /b d g/. The production data and previously reported perception data were examined for evidence that individual syllable reducers had voicing contrasts in underlying phonological form despite their deletions of obstruents in which these contrasts occurred. Most of the syllable reducers appeared to recognize underlying voicing contrasts in at least a few final obstruents and in some of the initial stop singles.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Visual-motor ability of children with articulation disorders.

The present study was done to assess differences between children with diagnosed functional articulation disorders and a control group on the variable of visual-motor ability. A group of 34 elementary children with articulation problems were matched with a control group of 34 for sex, age, and grade. Both groups were administered the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation and the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test--Revised. Analysis indicated that children with articulation problems performed significantly lower on visual-motor skills.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Visual training and correction of articulation disorders by use of dynamic palatography: serial observation in a case of cleft palate.

The dynamic palatograph is an electrical apparatus that generates a visual display of constantly changing palatolingual contact as a function of time, using an artificial palatal plate with affixed electrodes. This paper describes a technique of speech therapy incorporating dynamic palatography for a cleft palate patient. The patient, a 6-year-old Japanese girl with a repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate, had been judged to demonstrate articulation disorders involving contact of the tongue with the hard palate or alveolus following surgical improvement of velopharyngeal function. Prior to therapy the tongue tended to contact the hard palate more posteriorly than normal. After therapy with the dynamic palatograph, palatolingual contact was normal in comparison with average speakers. Our findings suggest that the facility of constant visual indication of tongue posture to the clinician and patient during corrective speech therapy using dynamic palatography may expedite results with cleft palate patients in the speech clinic when implemented in a carefully structured treatment plan.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1979

An articulation disorder in 17th-century Germany.

Apical trill was regarded as the correct pronunciation of R in 17th-century German, but malarticulations of this difficult sound were widespread. Two of the most common substitutions were the uvular trill and L. The first was satirically described in a novel by Christian Weise (1673), while Rosinus Lentilius (1698), a physician, dealt with the L-substitution in a more scholarly but no less humorous manner. Annotated translations of these texts are presented here along with an introduction. The study suggests there may be more to the earlier history of speech disorders than is generally supposed.

Articulation Disorders↗