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Results for “Arthritis, Infectious”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Synovial membrane histopathology in the differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, gout, pseudogout, systemic lupus erythematosus, infectious arthritis and degenerative joint disease.

The synovial membrane histologic sections from patients with six common rheumatic diseases were reviewed without knowledge of the clinical diagnosis. After histopathologic evaluation, the synovial membrane characteristics were grouped according to the patient's clinical diagnosis, and included 29 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 13 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 17 with degenerative joint disease, 10 with acute bacterial arthritis, 8 with gout, and 13 with pseudogout. The only specific characteristics identified were bacteria (infectious arthritis), crystals (gout, pseudogout), and lymphoid follicles (rheumatoid arthritis). Nevertheless, other characteristic features of differential diagnostic utility were recognized, including the intensity and nature of synovial lining cell hyperplasia and of leukocyte infiltration. Light microscopic histopathologic changes in the common rheumatic diseases are not specific, but are of diagnostic utility. Complete and exhaustive review of each pathologic synovial membrane characteristic provides more justification for the routine use of synovial membrane biopsy as an adjunct to arthrocentesis in the evaluation of common rheumatic diseases.

Arthritis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pasteurella multocida infectious arthritis.

Pasteurella multocida, a small gram-negative rod, is a domestic animal saprophyte that occasionally causes disease in humans. Infectious arthritis may develop from a superficial animal bite or scratch. Nine previous cases of infectious arthritis due to this organism have been documented in the literature, and a tenth case is reported here. Most patients had recent animal exposure, and half the patients had underlying chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical signs of inflammation were consistently present; however, systemic infection was infrequent. The lack of positive synovial fluid gram-stain smears may make differentiation from other forms of infectious arthritis difficult. Penicillin in moderate doses is effective therapy, with osteomyelitis developing in only two patients. The tendency for this syndrome to affect patients with rheumatoid arthritis may reflect deficient local defense mechanisms, chronic steroid therapy, or increased ownership of pets. The mechanism of spread of infection to the joint space appears to be through contiguous spread from a skin site rather than by the hematogenous route in most cases.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infectious arthritis due to Hemophilus influenzae.

A healthy 51-year-old male developed multiarticular infectious arthritis due to Hemophilus influenzae, a rare cause of infectious arthritis in adults. Previous case reports are reviewed. Predisposing factors include chronic illness, underlying joint disease, joint trauma, and respiratory infection. H. influenzae is frequently misidentified on Gram stain, being mistaken for gonococci or pneumococci. Infections due to H. influenzae may occur in normal adults. Aspects of immunity are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Infectious arthritis in the neonate caused by Haemophilus influenzae.

Two newborns had hematogenous pyarthrosis due to Haemophilus influenzae. One infant had signs of sepsis and dactylitis involving several fingers and toes. She also developed a soft tissue abscess, meningitis, and a septic hip, and was found to be infected with a nontypable organism. In the second infant, a shoulder traumatized at birth became infected with a type b strain. In both cases, the patients were successfully treated, but delays occurred in selecting the optimal therapeutic agent because of failure to appreciate that Haemophilus may cause systemic infection in the newborn. In the first infant the source of the infection was identified as the mother's endocervical canal. This patient is also of interest because in contrast to previous reports of Haemophilus infection in the newborn, bactericidal activity was present in the maternal serum.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Acute infectious arthritis. A review of patients with nongonococcal joint infections (with emphasis on therapy and prognosis).

The clinical course of 59 patients with acute nongonococcal septic arthritis has been reviewed with special emphasis on the changing bacterial spectrum in recent years. The results of treatment were dependent on various factors, including the specific microbial agent and host defenses. Treatment should include parenteral antibiotics and drainage with needle aspiration, except in hips which should be surgically drained. Successful therapy requires rapid initiation of treatment and ongoing assessment of adequacy of response.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Infectious arthritis.

One hundred thirteen patients with 120 episodes of septic arthritis were seen during a 14-year period. The most common bacteria cultured from joint fluid or blood during the acute episodes were gonococci, staphylococci, and streptococci. Seventeen other bacteria were the infecting organisms in one or more cases each. Other infections and medical conditions frequently were present. In some instances the septic arthritis was a complication of another infection. In other patients septic arthritis appeared to occur because of diminished resistance to infection. The majority of patients responded well to medical treatment, but eight died and 26 had persistence of articular pain at follow-up examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Markedly raised synovial fluid leucocyte counts not associated with infectious arthritis in children.

Synovial fluid leucocyte counts greater than 50 000 cells/mm3 (50 X 10(9)/1) are usually associated with infectious arthritis. Six children, 3 of whom meet the criteria for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), are described with synovial fluid white blood cell counts greater than 88 000 cells/mm3 (88 X 10(9)/1). Two had synovial fluid leucocyte counts greater than 100 000 cells/mm3 (100 X 10(9)/1). The diagnosis of infectious arthritis was unlikely in these 6 children since the synovial fluid smears and cultures for infectious agents were negative and their histories atypical for infection. While in most instances such markedly raised synovial fluid leucocyte counts indicate infection, this finding is not diagnostic of septic arthritis.

Adolescent↗