Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Arizona”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Serological analysis of two complex Salmonella respectively Arizona O-groups (Salmonella O:48 and O:64 - Arizona O:5 and O:29) with the object of combining them into one Salmonella O-group 48 within the Kauffmann-White-schema (author's transl)].

In 1963 KAUFFMANN divided O-group Y (= O:48) of the KAUFFMANN-WHITE-Schema into 3 sub-groups, e.g. 481, 482 - S. dahlem; 481, 482, 483 - S. djakarta; 481, 483, 484 = Citrobacter no. 2624/36. He also recommended the use of the two serotypes S. dahlem and S. djakarta for the preparation of a diagnostic group-serum. At that time, serological relations- especially O-antigenic relations (and even some identities) - between the separate Salmonella and Arizona genera were known, viz. between the Salmonella group 0:48 and the Arizona group O:5. It has now been found that there exist also close serological relations between the Salmonella O-groups 48 and 64 on the one hand and to the corresponding Arizona O-groups 5 and 29 on the other hand, in connection with which the special factor 484 defined by KAUFMANN in the Citrobacter culture no. 2624 embraces the whole Salmonella group O:64 (= Arizona group O:29). Therefore, every Salmonella O:64 strain and Arizona O:29 serotype respectively can be agglutinated with factorserum 484, defined by KAUFFMANN. A special O:64 serum is no longer required. The Salmonella antigen 64 (Ar. 29 or 5.29) has a rule the partial antigens 481, 483, 484 (= Ar. 5,29). Only a few serotypes do not possess factor 483; their components are 481 and 484 (= Ar. 29). The evidence of our findings demonstrates that the Salmonella O-group 64 (= Arizona 29) should be combined with O-group 48 (Ar. 5) and erased from the original Kauffmann-White-Schema and the Arizona Antigenic Schema to avoid a wrong diagnosis.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

[Eight new Arizona serotypes with emphasis on 2 O-antigens previously only found in Salmonella (author's transl)].

Description of eight new Arizona serotypes isolated from snakes and lizards (exception: Arizona 7a, 7c:23-21) in various countries and submitted to the National Salmonella Centre Hamburg for identification. No. 4-36/70 Arizona 10a, 10b:29-25 = S. arizonae 40(1), 40(2):k:z53 No. 159-36/70 Arizona 7a, c..:26-21 (with a new O-antigen) = S. arizonae 1, 6, 14, 25:z53:z35 No. 160-36/70 Arizona 30:32-31 = S. arizonae 65:c:z No. 162-36/70 Arizona 10a, 10b, (10c):23-31 (with a new O-antigen) = S. arizonae 40(1), 40(2):1, v:z No. 167-36/70 Arizona 25:23-31-41 = S. arizonae 16:1, v:z:z61 No. 2-36/71 Arizona 20:33-21 = S. arizonae 35:i:z35 No. 227-36/72 Arizona 26a, 26b:26-21 = S. arizonae 61(1), 61(2):z52:z35 No. 305-36/72 Arizona 7a, 7c:23-21 = S. arizonae (6), 14:1, v:z35 The two new Arizona O-antiges traced in strains nos. 159-36/70 and 162-36/70 testify the close relationship between Arizona and Salmonella justifying the inclusion of all Arizona serotypes with their corresponding Salmonella-formulae in the Kauffmann-White-Schema. The O-antigen of strain no. 159-36/70 was verified only by using Salmonella O-antisera, the O-antigen of no. 162-36/70 by serological comparative tests with a certain Salmonella-species = S. bukavu. Strain no. 167-36/70: it is pointed out that phase 3 could probably be a so-called R-phase.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

On the serological relationship between Salmonella O-groups 48 and 64 and the corresponding Arizona O-groups 5 and 29 which would justify a merger of these groups.

In 1963 Kauffmann divided O-group Y (O:48) of the Kauffmann-White schema into 3 sub-groups, e.g. 48(1),48(2) (S. dahlem), 48(1),48(2),48(3) (S. djakarta), 48(1),48(3),48(4) (Citrobacter 2624/36). He also recommended the use of the two serotypes S. dahlem and S. djakarta for the preparation of a diagnostic group-serum. At that time, serological relations--especially O-antigenic relations (and even some identities)--between the separate Salmonella and Arizona genera were known, viz. between the Salmonella group O:48 and the Arizona group O:5. It has now been found that there exist also close serological relations between the Salmonella O-groups 48 and 64 on the one hand and to the corresponding Arizona O-groups 5 and 29 on the other hand, in connection with which the special factor 48(4) defined by Kauffmann in the Citrobacter culture 2624/36 enbraces the whole Salmonella group O:64 (Arizona group O:29). Therefore, every Salmonella O:64 strain and Arizona O:29 serotype respectively can be agglutinated with factor-serum 48(4), defined by Kauffmann. A special O:64 serum is no longer required. The Salmonella antigen 64 (Arizona O:29 or O:5,29) has as a rule the partial antigens 48(1),48(3),48(4) (Arizona O:29). Only a few serotypes do not possess factor 48(3): their components are 48(1) and 48(4) (Arizona O:29). The evidence of our findings demonstrates that the Salmonella O-group 64 (Arizona O:29) should be combined with O-group 48 (Arizona O:5) and erased from the original Kauffmann-White schema and the Arizona antigenic schema to avoid a wrong diagnosis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of the Arizona Medical Student Exchange Program.

In this article the authors describe and present an evaluation of the Arizona Medical Student Exchange Program of the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education. The program is designed to help defray the cost that an Arizona student faces in attending an out-of-state medical school by paying, in the student's behalf, the difference between the resident and nonresident tuition at the out-of-state school. Furthermore, the accepting medical school is paid an additional sum as an inducement to accepts more Arizona students in the future. The program's goal is to increase the number of graduating physicians who will return to practice in Arizona, especially in areas of medical need. While the program apparently has been successful in increasing the number of Arizona students studying medicine and the number of physicians returning to the state--both to metropolitan areas and to areas of medical need--these increases have not kept pace with Arizona's growing population.

Arizona↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone and joint infection with Arizona hinshawii: report of a case and a review of the literature.

The Arizona group of gram-negative enteric microorganisms is closely related to the genus Salmonella. Arizona infection is common in avian and reptilian species. Whereas Arizona intestinal infection has been observed in humans, extraintestinal disease has infrequently been described. A case of a 23-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and sickle cell trait who acquired Arizona hinshawii osteomyelitis and septis arthritis is presented. The patient recovered after treatment with ampicillin and cephalosporins. Three previously described cases of bone and/or joint infection with Arizona are summarized. Because Arizona species frequently ferment lactose, it is possible that they are discarded from fecal isolates by bacteriology laboratories. It is conceivable that many intestinal and extraintestinal infections are either overlooked or mistakenly identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Arizona hinshawii osteomyelitis with antecedent enteric fever and sepsis. A case report with a review of the literature.

A case of Arizona osteomyelitis of the spine which occurred 11 months after an episode of gastroenteritis and enteric fever is presented. As close biochemical and antigenic relative of Salmonella, Arizona infection produces a similar clinical course with gastrointestinal manifestations frequently preceding localized infections by several months. The boney lesion in the present case and in three of the four other cases of Arizona osteomyelitis described in the literature was a chronic inflammation which may have a xanthomatous component. The bone destruction caused by Arizona infection is less severe than that of tuberculosis or pyogenic osteomyelitis. Proposed treatment of Arizona osteomyelitis consists of debridement of the localized infection and long term antimicrobial therapy.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1975

Treatment of Salmonella-Arizona-infected turtle eggs with terramycin and chloromycetin by the temperature-differential egg dip method.

Attempts to eliminate Salmonella and Arizona infection from newly hatched turtles were made by dipping fresh eggs in cold solutions of Terramycin and Chloromycetin at 1,000, 1,200, 1,500 and 2,000 mug per ml for either 10, 20, or 30 min. Control groups consisted of hatchings produced from nondipped eggs or eggs dipped in chilled water. In two of the four experiments 5 to 10 eggs were blended on days 15, 30, and 45 post antibiotic dip treatment. Twenty-five to 60 hatchlings from each control or experimental dip groups were held in containers and the water was tested (excretion method) for Salmonella and Arizona every 15 or 30 days for 180 to 210 days after hatching. Representative turtles were homogenized (blending method) to determine if systemic infections were present. All specimens tested were enriched in tetrathionate and selenite cystine broth. Nondipped eggs and water-dipped eggs routinely showed Salmonella and Arizona present in egg homogenate and hatchlings emerging from these eggs excreted these pathogens. Terramycin- and Chloromycetin-dipped eggs were uniformly negative for these pathogens, only if fresh eggs were dipped. Bacteriological assay of container water and whole turtle homogenate from hatchlings were negative for Salmonella and Arizona if eggs were dipped in 1,000 mug of Terramycin early in the egg laying season or if eggs were dipped in 1,500 or 2,000 mug of Terramycin per ml late in the egg laying season. The results of temperature-differential egg dip studies suggest that this is a feasible and promising method by which to eradicate Salmonella and Arizona from the turtle.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Pasteurization of salted whole egg inoculated with Arizona or Salmonella.

Recently, Arizona bacteria, close relatives of Salmonella, were recovered from salted whole egg that had been pasteurized by the presently recommended process of 63.3 degrees C (146 degrees F) for 3.5 min. Because of this and the fact that the heat resistance of Arizona in salted whole egg had not been determined, the present study was undertaken. Arizona or Salmonella, grown in Trypticase soy broth supplemented with 2% yeast extract in Fernbach flasks covered with aluminum foil over cotton and guaze at 35 degrees C with shaking at 176 rpm for about 96 h, were found to have the greatest degree of heat resistance. As expected, these cells, when inoculated into salted whole egg at 10(7) cells per ml, survived heating at 63.3 degrees C (146 degrees F) for 3.5 min in a two-phase slug flow heat exchanger. To consistently achieve a 7-log kill of typical Salmonella or Arizona, a treatment of 67 degrees C (152.6 degrees F) for 3.5 min was required. However, if a 7-log kill is mandatory, it remains to be determined whether this process affect the functional properties of this product.

Eggs↗
PubMed1991

Economic implications of bovine somatotropin use for the Arizona dairy industry.

This study examined the impacts of bST on income of dairy producers in Arizona. The nature of milk production in Arizona, the institutional aspects of the Milk Order, and the supply management program of the United Dairymen of Arizona (the only milk cooperative in Arizona) were considered in the model. Prices declined with increased milk yields from bST. Three dairy enterprise budgets demonstrated that gross revenue minus variable costs initially increased for adopters of bST but declined for nonadopters. If government milk purchase increases cause support price reductions, gross revenues less variable costs would decrease for both adopters and nonadopters but more for nonadopters. Adjustments in size of dairy farms would be required if increased milk production due to bST is large enough to result in decreases in milk price support levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Arizona bacteria (salmonella subgenus III), a rarely identified cause of food infections (author's transl)].

A report is given of the infection, described under the clinical picture of enteritis, of a one-year old Turkish child with Salmonella arizonae 61:k:1,5,7 (Arizona 26:29-30) which is largely adapted to sheep. It appears that, outside of the USA reports have not been published on infections with this species of Salmonella. Considering that reports on human infections with Salmonellae of the subgenus III (Arizona bacteria) have rarely been published, it was decided to deal with these Salmonellae in general, especially with their reservoirs, the clinical pathological pictures and the problems associated with the bacteriological diagnosis which is made on the basis of the ready splitting of lactose of numerous species of the Arizona group.

Food Contamination↗
PubMed1976

Salmonella and Arizona from snakes in the Judean desert (1974-1975).

Ninety-four (77.7%) of the 121 snakes captured during the years 1974-1975 in the Judean desert were found to carry Salmonella and/or Arizona organism. Sixty-six snakes (54.4%) harboured only one serotype. From 19 animals (15.7%) both Salmonella and Arizona organisms were isolated. From 9 snakes (7.5%) 2 or 3 serotypes of Arizona were isolated. Only 27 snakes (22,3%) harboured no detectable Salmonella nor Arizona in their intestinal contents.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Detection and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae and Proteus spp. associated with gastrointestinal disease in rescued hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus).

Western European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are frequently admitted to wildlife rehabilitation centres, where infectious diseases may affect recovery and raise One Health concerns. This study aimed to identify bacterial isolates recovered from hedgehog samples submitted for suspected gastrointestinal infection and to characterise their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Five bacterial isolates were analysed using the MicroScan WalkAway Plus® system with the Neg-Urine-Combo 98 panel, and the results were interpreted in accordance with EUCAST guidelines. The identified bacteria included one isolate of Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae, three isolates of Proteus mirabilis and one isolate of Proteus penneri. The Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae isolate was susceptible to all antimicrobials for which a valid result was obtained. Proteus spp. isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, aztreonam, cefoxitin, ceftazidime and fosfomycin. However, resistance was observed to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, ertapenem, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefuroxime, piperacillin-tazobactam, colistin and nitrofurantoin, with the latter two showing resistance in all Proteus spp. The Proteus penneri isolate displayed the broadest resistance profile, including resistance to several β-lactams, carbapenems. As expected, all Proteus spp. showed intrinsic non-susceptibility to colistin and nitrofurantoin. Although the Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae isolate was susceptible to the tested agents, Proteus spp. from hedgehog samples may display relevant antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. Therefore, continuous bacteriological monitoring and antimicrobial susceptibility testing are important in wildlife rehabilitation settings to guide treatment decisions and support One Health surveillance.

Antimicrobial resistance↗
PubMed1992

Recurrent Salmonella arizona infection after treatment for metastatic carcinoma.

Serious Salmonella arizona infection may be acquired through the ingestion of rattlesnake meat used as a folk medicine remedy. We report a patient with metastatic carcinoma and a remote history of rattlesnake meat ingestion who developed recurrent S. arizona bacteremia and reactivation of tuberculosis after receiving corticosteroid and radiation therapy. Physicians should be aware of the potential for rattlesnake-associated S. arizona infection to occur as either the presenting manifestation or as a complication in immunosuppressed patients who may take folk remedies, especially Hispanics who live along the United States-Mexico border.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Echinococcosis in Arizona and New Mexico. Survey of hospital records, 1969-1974.

In 1974, seven cases of human echinococcosis were diagnosed in Arizona and New Mexico. A retrospective survey of Arizona and New Mexico hospitals obtained data on ten additional cases reported for the 5-year period 1969 through 1973. Sixteen cases were diagnosed as Echinococcus granulosus infections and one as E. multilocularis infection. The latter infection was in an Eskimo from Alaska, where E. multilocularis is endemic. All of the 16 E. granulosus cases were probably acquired autochthonously; 14 were diagnosed in American Indians of the Navajo (8 cases), Zuni (4 cases), and Santo Domingo (2 cases) tribes; the remaining 2 cases were diagnosed in non-Indian women. This is the first published account of echinococcosis autochthonous to Arizona and New Mexico. Evidence suggests that the infection may have been introduced only relatively recently to the areas populated by the American Indians and that parasite transmission to humans is increasing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Evaluation of methods for the isolation of Salmonella and Arizona organisms from pet turtles treated with antimicrobial agents.

Turtles infected with and actively excreting Salmonella-Arizona organisms were treated with various concentrations of both Neo-Terramycin (N-Te) and Terramycin (Te) (Pfizer) for various periods of time and then tested for the presence of these pathogens by two methods, excretion and blending. Turtles treated with 200 mug of Te per ml of container water for 9, 12, or 14 weeks, whereas when representative turtles from treatment groups were blended 72 h posttreatment these organisms were isolated from the whole turtle homogenate. Salmonella and Arizona could be recovered from homogenate prepared from turtles treated for 7 and 14 days with 400, 800, or 1,000 mug of Te or N-Te per ml. These findings suggest that the blending methods is more sensistive than the excretion method for the detection of Salmonella-Arizona in the treated turtle.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Arizona hinshawii infections. New cases, antimicrobial sensitivities, and literature review.

Although disease caused by Arizona hinshawii is known to resemble the spectrum of clinical syndromes seen with Salmonella infections, little is known of their sensitivity to antimicrobials. We present three cases that are illustrative of Arizona sepsis, localized infection, or both; review the literature; and report sensitivities to 12 antimicrobials for 32 human and animal isolates of Arizona hinshawii from various geographic areas. With the exception of erythromycin and streptomycin, most strains were sensitive to many of the commonly used antibiotics. As with Salmonella infections, ampicillin or chloramphenicol appear to be the initial antimicrobial agents of choice for severe infections with A. hinshawii. Definitive antimicrobial therapy must be individualized on the basis of sensitivity testing and with regard to host factors.

Adult↗