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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pirital virus (Arenaviridae) infection in the syrian golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus: a new animal model for arenaviral hemorrhagic fever.

Adult Syrian golden hamsters inoculated intraperitoneally with Pirital virus, a recently discovered member of the Tacaribe complex of New World arenaviruses, developed a progressively severe, fatal illness with many of the pathologic features observed in fatal human cases of Lassa fever and other arenaviral hemorrhagic fevers. Most of the animals became moribund by Day 5 and were dead by Day 7 after inoculation. The most consistent histopathologic changes included interstitial pneumonitis, splenic lymphoid depletion and necrosis, and multifocal hepatic necrosis without significant inflammatory cell infiltration. The liver changes ranged from single cell death by apoptosis to coagulative necrosis of clusters of hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical studies of the liver demonstrated the presence and accumulation ot Pirital virus antigen within hepatocytes as well as Kupffer cells. An in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed progressively increasing apoptotic activity in the liver of infected hamsters. A human hepatoblastoma cell line (Hep G2/C3A) inoculated with Pirital virus also developed progressive cell destruction and accumulation of viral antigen, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Results of this pilot study suggest that the Pirital virus-hamster model is a very promising new small animal model for studying the pathogenesis of arenavirus infections, particularly, the mechanism of direct virus-induced hepatic injury. It may also be useful for testingantiviral agents for treatment of arenaviral hemorrhagic fevers.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Management of a Sabiá virus-infected patients in a US hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the hospital precautions used to isolate a Sabiá virus (arenavirus: Arenaviridae)-infected patient in a US hospital and to protect hospital staff and visitors. DESIGN: Investigation of a single case of arenavirus laboratory-acquired infection and associated case-contacts. SETTING: A 900-bed, tertiary-care, university-affiliated medical center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: The case-patient became ill with Sabiá virus infection. The case-contacts consisted of healthcare workers, coworkers, friends, and relatives of the case-patient. INTERVENTION: Enhanced isolation precautions for treatment of a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) patient were implemented in the clinical laboratory and patient-care setting to prevent nosocomial transmission. The enhanced precautions included preventing aerosol spread of the virus from the patient or his clinical specimens. All case-contacts were tested for Sabiá virus antibodies and monitored for signs and symptoms of early disease. RESULTS: No cases of secondary infection occurred among 142 case-contacts. CONCLUSIONS: With the frequency of worldwide travel, patients with VHF can be admitted to a local hospital at any time in the United States. The use of enhanced isolation precautions for VHF appeared to be effective in preventing secondary cases by limiting the number of contacts and promoting proper handling of laboratory specimens. Patients with VHF can be managed safely in a local hospital setting, provided that appropriate precautions are planned and implemented.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2006

Role of non-raft cholesterol in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection via alpha-dystroglycan.

Dystroglycan (DG) is an extracellular matrix receptor necessary for the development of metazoans from flies to humans and is also an entry route for various pathogens. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a member of the family Arenaviridae, infects by binding to alpha-DG. Here, the role of cholesterol lipid rafts in infection by LCMV via alpha-DG was investigated. The cholesterol-sequestering drugs methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD), filipin and nystatin inhibited the infectivity of LCMV selectively, but did not affect infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. Cholesterol loading after depletion with MbetaCD restored infectivity to control levels. DG was not found in lipid rafts identified with the raft marker ganglioside GM1. Treatment with MbetaCD, however, enhanced the solubility of DG. This may reflect the association of DG with cholesterol outside lipid rafts and suggests that association of DG with non-raft cholesterol is critical for infection by LCMV through alpha-DG.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological considerations of the arbo- and arenaviruses].

The complex epidemiological process of arboviral and arenaviral diseases, their dependence on a multitudine of etiologic agents, the risk of severe manifestations, absence of a specific treatment and difficulties in preparing the vaccines, place these diseases among those of high concern at national and international level. The multidisciplinary investigations carried out in Moldavia by M. Duca, Eugenia Duca, Gr. Teodorovici, Alla Vâţă, St. Dumitriu, V. Luca, D. Buiuc, A. Ivan and others have elucidated numerous aspects regarding the epidemiology and prevention of arboviral diseases. The increased morbidity by meningitis and meningoencephalitis recorded in Romania the interval summer--early fall 1996 was attributed based on serologic diagnosis, to West Nile virus. The etiological investigations were done both in our country (Cantacuzino Institute, Institute of Virology, Laboratory of the Ministry of National Defence) and abroad (Pasteur Institute at Paris, Colindale Institute London, CDC, Atlanta, USA). For the Romanian population the risk for a periodical re-emergence of some arbovirus diseases is due to favorable local conditions with the relationships with geographical areas were these diseases have and endemic-epidemic evolution are added.

Arbovirus Infections↗
PubMed2006

Clinical laboratory, virologic, and pathologic changes in hamsters experimentally infected with Pirital virus (Arenaviridae): a rodent model of Lassa fever.

The clinical laboratory, virologic, and pathologic changes occurring in hamsters after infection with Pirital virus (Arenaviridae) are described. Pirital virus infection in the hamsters was characterized by high titered viremia, leukocytosis, coagulopathy, pulmonary hemorrhage and edema, hepatocellular and splenic necrosis, and marked elevation of serum transaminase levels. All of the animals died within 9 days. The clinical and histopathological findings in the Pirital virus-infected hamsters were very similar to those reported in severe human cases of Lassa fever, suggesting that this new animal model could serve as a low-cost and relatively safe alternative for studying the pathogenesis and therapy of Lassa fever.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Differential signaling networks induced by mild and lethal hemorrhagic fever virus infections.

The family Arenaviridae includes several National Institutes of Allergy and Infections Diseases category A select agents which cause hemorrhagic fever. There are few vaccines available, and treatment is limited to ribavirin, which varies in efficacy. Development of new antiviral compounds has been hindered by a lack of understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis. We used two variants of Pichinde virus, one attenuated and one virulent in the guinea pig model, to delineate the host determinants which lead to either viral clearance or lethal disease. By analyzing protein level changes using pathway analysis, we have identified key intermediates which may be targets for therapeutic intervention.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nosocomial viral infections: III. Guidelines for prevention and control of exanthematous viruses, gastroenteritis viruses, picornaviruses, and uncommonly seen viruses.

This communication is the third in a four-part series on nosocomial viral infections from the Strong Memorial Hospital. This third article discusses guidelines for prevention and control of exanthematous viruses, gastroenteritis, viruses, adenoviruses and the picornaviruses other than rhinoviruses. Several uncommonly seen viruses, such as the virus of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Marburg, Ebola, and Lassa fever viruses, also are reviewed briefly.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1987

Observation of the in situ contracting heart of guinea pigs infected with Pichinde virus.

The in situ beating hearts from anesthetized control and Pichinde virus-infected strain 13 guinea pigs, between days 7 and 19 postinoculation, were directly observed and video recorded. Although some hearts from Pichinde virus-infected animals were visually depressed and had altered contraction patterns, such a pronounced cardiac dysfunction was not associated with any marked histopathological changes in the cardiac tissue. The manifestations of cardiac dysfunction were limited mainly to the right side of the heart and occurred only from days 11 to 19 postinoculation. We suggest that certain biochemical "lesions" in the heart after lethal Pichinde virus infection may be present, which may have been caused by the actions of endogenous pathogenic mediators and an overall metabolic deficiency of the infected body.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Viral persistence: parameters, mechanisms and future predictions.

For a virus to persist, it must actively curtail the host's antiviral immune response. Here, we review the conceptual basis by which this can occur and discuss the subsequent fate of differentiated cells infected over long periods of time. We also consider how the compromised antiviral immune response can be revigorated or replaced with a potent response that purges the virus and thereby terminates persistent infection.

Animals↗