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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

From anomie to anomia and anomic depression: a sociological critique on the use of anomie in psychiatric research.

The author of this paper demonstrates that the sociological concept of anomie has undergone important transformations when applied in psychiatric research. It is argued that these transformations are not fully in concordance with the original theories of anomie as they were set forth by Durkheim and Merton. Two approaches in social and cross-cultural psychiatry are examined in this context. First, the concept of anomia as introduced and applied in the research of Leo Srole is discussed. Second, attention is paid to the concept of anomic depression as it was introduced by Wolfgang Jilek in his research among the Coast Salish Indians.

Anomia↗
PubMed1979

Anomie and United States Suicide rates, 1973--1976.

Related annual variations in United States suicide rates between 1973 and 1976 to concomitant annual variations in expressions of anomie obtained on the 5-item Srole anomie scale by a representative sample of the United States population. Expressions of anomie increased significantly for persons in the age groups (15--24 and 25--34 year) that displayed increases in suicide rates, annual variations in endorsement of anomie statements were correlated significantly with the concomitant annual variations in the suicide rates of the 15--24 year age group, and there was a nonsignificant tendency toward this relationship in the other (25--34 year) age group with increasing suicide rates. However, expressions of anomie also increased significantly for persons in the older age groups that showed no increases in suicide rates. Thus, Durkheim's hypothesis was not supported among older persons as it was among younger persons. Previous studies suggest that measures of anomie that focus explicitly on perceptions of internal-external control may be related more closely to suicidal behavior (especially for older persons) than measures that focus on other components of anomie.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Sex-role change, anomie and female suicide: a test of alternative Durkheimian explanations.

Durkheim's influential book, Suicide, provides general (economic) anomie, conjugal anomie, and sex-role convergence explanations of changes in suicide rates under conditions of social change. We used trend analyses of American suicide rates and female/male suicide ratios from 1950 to 1984 and the regression of the ratios on female educational attainment, white female labor force participation, white fertility rates, and divorce rates to examine these explanations. The general anomie explanation of female suicide trends is supported for the middle-aged (30 to 54 years) but not for the young (10 to 30 years) or the elderly (55 to 74 years). The conjugal anomie proposition is at best supported for age groups between 15 and 44 when general anomie is not pronounced. The role convergence explanation is rejected for all 13 5-year-age-groups. General anomie may not be a viable explanation of suicide trends for groups actively supporting relevant social changes or not yet tradition-bound or for groups whose retirement status reduces the importance of some social changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Anomie, alcohol abuse and alcohol consumption: a prospective-analysis.

Cross-sectional and 36-month prospective analyses of the relationships among anomie and both alcohol abuse and alcohol consumption patterns provided little support that anomie was directly associated with ethanol ingestion patterns in a sample of 302 male air traffic controllers. This lack of association was observed for self-reported alcohol consumption, interview-established alcohol abuse and biochemical markers of alcohol intake. In addition, anomie was not predictive of change in alcohol use/abuse over 36 months, controlling for baseline levels of alcohol use and abuse and for relevant demographic factors. Measurement of anomie and alcohol use/abuse, the relative importance of anomie in various socioeconomic groups and issues related to prospective research on this topic are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Anomie and drug use in high school students.

The use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs as it relates to anomie was studied in 11th grade students. A questionnaire was administered to 1,314 11th grade students which included Srole's Anomie Scale as well as items pertaining to the usage of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, LSD, heroin, amphetamines, barbiturates, and methaqualone. The name of each drug was given along with the colloquial terms typically used to identify each drug. Substance users showed significantly higher anomie scores than nonusers on alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, LSD, amphetamines, and barbiturates. Although the results were not statistically significant for cocaine, heroin, or methaqualone, the differences between substance users and nonusers were all in the predicted direction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Self-injury behavior, economic status and the family anomie syndrome among adolescents.

Only recently has there been a focus upon the psychosocial environment of the family that surrounds the suicide-prone individual. The purpose of this research was to learn more about the association of economic status and family anomie, operationationalized by family normlessness and powerlessness scales, to the differential vulnerability of adolescents to suicide potential. The research design called for a detailed interview with the persons attempting suicide and members of their families. The study samples consisted of 30 low economic and 25 high economic status families. It was predicted that social anomie could be translated into behavioral (attempted suicide) and attitudinal (normlessness and powerlessness) determinants when viewed with regard to its impact upon the family. Significant differences in the degree of normlessness and powerlessness were found for suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents and their families. These differences appear to be part of a family anomie syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Correlates of anomie in French-Canadian adolescents.

French-Canadian adolescent boys (n = 272) and girls (n = 286) participated in a study of the relationship between anomie and selected personal variables. Results of a multivariate regression analysis indicate that adolescents who suffered from anomie tended to be younger boys and girls with low self-esteem who believed that they were subject to chance or fate and who had experienced a number of recent negative life events.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Personality, social skills, anomie and delinquency: a self-report study of a group of normal non-delinquent adolescents.

A group of over 200 'normal' adolescents were administered self-report measures of personality (extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism), social skills, anomie and delinquency in order to establish which of three theories best predicted delinquency. Eysenck's personality factors, particularly psychoticism, correlated most highly with delinquency, while there was no correlation at all between self-reported social skills and delinquency. Overall the males tended to have lower neuroticism but higher psychoticism and anomie scores. The results are discussed in terms of the various psychological theories of delinquency, and the implications of these results for treatment are noted. It was pointed out that because this study was restricted to well-educated, middle class, above-average sixth-form college students the findings may not generalize to a group of convicted or institutionalized offenders. The limitations inherent in self-report measures and in studies of this sort are also considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Injury and anomie: effects of violence on an inner-city community.

OBJECTIVES: Widespread violence affects individuals but also alters group life. This study was designed to examine the effects of violence on an inner-city community. METHODS: A qualitative study was undertaken that included field observations and semistructured interviews. The study took place in Washington Heights, a New York City neighborhood with a high rate of violence, largely secondary to the drug trade. RESULTS: The 100 people interviewed differed widely in their definitions of violence and in their likelihood of having experienced violent acts in the course of daily life. High, medium, and low violence microenvironments were identified; risk of exposure to violence, but not individual definitions of violence, differed by location. Violence in all parts of the neighborhood inhibited social interactions, but the intensity of this effect differed by microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS: In Washington Heights, violence has injured individuals and fractured social relationships, leading to the state of social disarray referred to as "anomie." The public health response to the violence epidemic should address anomie through community organizing efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Parental control and anomie in French-Canadian adolescents.

110 French-Canadian adolescents (60 boys, 50 girls) participated in a study of the relationship between parental control in child-rearing and anomie. Correlational analysis indicated that subjects coming from family backgrounds high in parental control generally reported greater feelings of anomie.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anomie in the multigenerational family: children and the care of their elderly parents].

When one of the older parents starts to require intensive and lasting care, to a certain extent an anomic situation will arise in the older family, between children and parents as well as between the children themselves. There is some kind of ambivalence between the generations within the kinship system, which can also be shown historically. It is possible that this ambivalence may even be enlarged by recent structural and cultural developments within the kinship system. Based on a family crisis model a lack of clarity within the older family is shown as to the expectations and obligations to each other. The spiral of the failing competence of the family to handle the care question mostly has its roots in the anomic situation surrounding the organisation of the care activities. To support our anomy hypothesis some problems in taking care of the older parents are analyzed; how they are looked at and handled by the children and how they are negotiated by the parents. Open interviews and some cases are the basis for this analysis and some conclusions in handling the anomic situation are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Social anomie and the renewed increase of mental health problems at the work place].

Several studies on mental health in the workplace show a renewed increase of mental health problems. These problems, related to workplace relations, present social causes of a much larger degree; for instance, the social anomy afflicting Québec is rippling through the workplace, much like what many other industrialized societies are experiencing during this end of century. The sensitive social balance, in principle under the responsibility of social institutions and government, has given business the opportunity to occupy a central position and become the major forum for an individual's search for identity. This centrality carries with it a certain number of strong contradictions and disappointments because, in spite of the rhetoric and its illusions, corporations are loyal to economic logic and take a perverse ownership of one of the individual's most important values, namely the quest and desire to be defined as a person and to be acknowledged as such. As a result, individuals often find themselves in a fragile state, at times even left with deconstructed psyches.

Anomie↗
PubMed1977

Marital status, anomie, and forms of social isolation: a case of high suicide rate among the widowed in an urban sub-area.

This study examines the high suicide rate among the widowed in a census tract population in Flint, Michigan, and identifies the social psychological factors of anomie, actual social isolation, and future social isolation as etiologic factors in widow suicide. Explanations of widow suicide are discussed, and recommendations are made for the reduction of the suicide rate.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Economic status, family anomie, and adolescent suicide potential.

This study attempts to ascertain the existence and economic characteristics of the anomic family as a determinant of high suicide lethality among adolescents. An inverse relationship was hypothesized between economic status, family norm consensus, family power, and adolescent suicide risk. Fifty-five Ss of at least moderate suicide risk--and their families--were obtained from a total sample of 194 adolescents, 13 to 18 years old, who attempted suicide during a three month period. A summary of the descriptive demographic data is as follows: 32.7% of the sample were male and 67.3% female; their mean age was 16.3 years; race was categorized into 81.9% white and 18.1% nonwhite. Correlation coefficients were used to test the hypothesis. Statistically significant differences in the degree of family normlessness and powerlessness were found for suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents and their families.

Adolescent↗