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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

The occurrence of amphizoic Amebae in domestic animals.

Random examination of domestic animals revealed the frequent presence of free-living amebae in their bodies. In diseased or dead cows, dogs, pigs, rabbits, pigeons, and turkeys 15 strains of amebae were found, belonging to the genera Acanthamoeba (A. polyphaga), Hartmannella (H. vermiformis), and Vahlkampfia (V. avara, V. enterica, V. inornata). They were usually accompanied by other infectious agents in different parts of the host bodies. Pathogenicity of 3 isolates could not be demonstrated by inoculation of laboratory animals. Some features of the isolates differed from those previously known for members of these genera. These strains may be considered amphizoic amebae according to Page (1974).

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1978

Atopy to dander from domestic animals.

Atopy to dander from domestic animals occurs rather frequently in atopic patients, especially danders from the cat, guinea-pig, horse, rabbit, and golden hamster. There is no clear sex difference. The age group in which the phenomenon is found most frequently is from 21 to 30 years. As in hay-fever patients during the season, we found a double-peaked frequency curve for the blood eosinophilia. Animal-dander atopy was diagnosed particularly in patients with asthma and/or with atopic eczema. The strength of skin reactions to a series of three tenfold dilutions of standardized test extracts appears to be a good index for the origin of clinical symptoms after contact with the relevant animals.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Trypanosome infections in domestic animals in Liberia.

In 5 domestic animal species of the Liberian rain forest, investigations were done on the infection rates with trypanosomes of the subgenera Nannomonas, Duttonella and Trypanozoon and on possible reservoir hosts for Trypanosoma (T.) brucei gambiense. Serological screening (indirect fluorescent antibody test) revealed that infection rates with Trypanosoma spp. were in N'Dama cattle 80.4%, in pigs 76.0%, in dogs 48.5%, in goats 35.1% and in sheep 28.1%. In N'Damas, antibodies to T. (N.) congolense and to T. (D.) vivax predominated and were distributed homogeneously; in pigs, antibodies to T. (N.) congolense were found most frequently. In dogs, antibodies to T. (N.) congolense and to T. (T.) b. brucei, and in goats and sheep antibodies to all 3 species were distributed homogeneously. Strong serological reactions (titres greater than 1:320) to T. (T.) b. brucei antigen were found most frequently in pigs (20.0%), in cattle (9.8%) and in dogs (9.5%). As suspicious reservoir hosts for T. (T.) b. gambiense, pigs (117) and dogs (105) were examined parasitologically in order to isolate Trypanozoon stocks for further infraspecific characterization. 56.4% of the pigs (14.5% Trypanozoon, 23.1% mixed Trypanozoon/Nannomonas, 18.8% Nannomonas), and 38.2% of the dogs (2.9% Trypanozoon, 14.3% mixed Trypanozoon/Nannomonas, 21.0% Nannomonas) were found to be infected. The sensitivities of the thick smear, the haematocrit centrifugation technique and the animal inoculation using Mastomys natalensis were described. 32 trypanosome stocks containing Trypanozoon were stabilized.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Polyarteritis nodosa: general aspects and occurrence in domestic animals, particularly in association with nosematosis in blue foxex (author's transl)].

A survey of polyarteritis nodosa in domestic animals is presented, including a description of the patho-morphological lesions and a discussion on the causal factors. This vascular disease occurs in domestic animals in association with both viral infections (infectious plasmacytosis in mink), bacterial infections (erysipelas in swine), and protozoan infections (nosematosis in blue foxes). The conclusion is drawn that the observations in domestic animals support the view that immunological disturbances are involved as pathogenetic mechanisms. Nosematosis is dealt with in more detail; the infecting agent (fig. 1), Nosema cuniculi (Encephalitozoon cuniculi), is a widespread mamalian parasite, which causes cerebral and renal lesions in blue foxes of the same type as in animals of other species. In addition, the vascular system throughout the body is affected, resulting in patho-morphological alterations corresponding to classical polyarteritis nodosa (Fig. 2). In the early stages of involvement, masses of parasitic organisms are regularly found within the walls of affected arteries (Fig. 3). This disease is frequently lethal, and always accompanied by elevated values of gamma globulins. Both the hypergammaglobulinemia and the tissue lesions, seem at times, at least in part, to be reversible.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[New findings on the immunology of protozoan blood parasitoses in domestic animals].

Intensive research in the field of the immunology of protozoan blood parasitoses has led to a further clarification of the interrelations between parasites and hosts. Progress in the analysis of the antigen character of the parasites and investigations of the immune response form the basis for extending serological diagnosis and improved vaccines. The effectiveness of the vaccines against babesioses could be increased. Vaccines have been tested successfully against tropical theileriosis and East Coast fever. It is only with African trypanosomes that immunoprophylaxis seems to be impossible at present.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Testing of hemolytic complement components in domestic animals.

Total complement (C) and its components were assayed in the serum of 8 species of domestic animals, using commercially prepared cellular intermediates of sheep erythrocytes and functionally pure guinea pig and human components of the C system. Testing was done according to methods recommended by the producer for testing human C components. The late-acting components (C6 throug C9) and C1 were detected in carnivorous (dog and cat) and omnivorous (swine) animals. Undetectable or low titers of C4, C2, C3, and C5 were present in large herbivorous animals (cattle, horse, sheep, and goat), indicating major differences in comparison with human or guinea pig components of C. Porcine serum contained an inhibiting substance which interfered with testing C2 and later-acting components at serum dilutions up to 1:100. All components except C2 were detected in chicken serum. The binding or activation (or both) of C4, C2, C3, and C5 is more species specific than is the binding or activation (or both) of other components. Requirements for species specificity between antibody and C1 were not detected. Presence of C1 inactivator was detected in bovine, caprine, equine, and ovine sera. The CH50 (50% hemolysis) titers of C components tested in pooled serum samples from the 8 species of clinically healthy domestic animals are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

A review of Sarcocystis of domestic animals and of other coccidia of cats and dogs.

The nomenclature, life cycles, and pathogenicity of Sarcocystis of domestic animals are reviewed. Sarcocystis had a 2-host life cycle, with carnivores as definitive hosts and herbivores as intermediate hosts. The following species are found in domestic animals (with the definitive hosts given in parentheses): 3 species in the ox: S cruzi (dog, wolf, coyote, raccoon, fox), S hirsuta (cat), S hominis (man, monkey); 2 species in the sheep: S ovicanis (dog), S tenella (cat); 3 species in the pig: S miescheriana (dog), S porcifelis n sp (cat), S porcihominis n sp (man); and 1 species in the horse: S bertrami (dog). Sarcocystis cruzi, S ovicanis, and S porcifelis are highly pathogenic to the ox, the sheep, and the pig, respectively. Clinical signs of acute bovine sarcocystosis are: anorexia, pyrexia (42 C, or more), anemia, cachexia, enlarged palpable lymph nodes, excessive salivation, and loss of hair at the tip of the tail. Anemia, anorexia, ataxia, and abortions are the chief clinical signs of acute ovine sarcocystosis. These signs are evident at the time of vascular endothelium is parasitized by schizonts. The schizonts disappear in about 1 month, and cysts are formed in the muscles. The cystic phase of sarcocystosis is virtually nonpathogenic. Carnivores shed sporocysts in their feces after ingesting the intramuscular cysts from the herbivores. Sarcocystis is nonpathogenic to the definitive host. Feline and canine coccidia are also reviewed. The following 11 species are found in cats: Toxoplasma gondii, Hammondia hammondi, Isospora felis, Isosporarivolta, Besnoitia besnoiti, Besnoitia sp, and 5 types of Sarcocystis (S hirsuta from the ox, S tenella from the sheep, S muris from the mouse, S porcifelis from the pig, and Sarcocystis sp from Grant's gazelle). The following 10 species are found in canine feces (Isospora canis, Isospora ohioensis, Isospora wallacei n sp; and 7 types of Sarcocystis (S cruzi from the ox, S ovicanis from the sheep, S bertrami and Sarcocystis sp from the horse, S miescheriana from the pig, S hemionilatrantis from mule deer, and Sarcocystis sp from Grant's gazelle). The history of Isospora begemina in dogs is reviewed; life cycles of feline and canine coccidia are given; oocysts of common feline and canine coccidia are compared and illustrated; and public health significance of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts is discussed, especially in relation to cats in the household of pregnant women.

Animals↗