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Results for “Animal Distribution”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Distribution and binding of oxytetracycline in the body of immunized animals].

Distribution and binding of oxytetracycline in immunized animals at various periods of immunogenesis (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 90 days after vaccination) were studied on rabbits, using dry live brucellosis vaccine, strain 19 as the antigen. The results of the study showed that immunological reconstruction of the macroorganism, its protective forces had a definite effect on the character of distribution, absorption and levels of oxytetracycline, as well as the processes of the antibiotic binding in the organism. The changes were indirect dependence on the immunogenesis periods: at the beginning of immunogenesis there was some increase in the antibiotic levels, as well as increased binding of the drug in the organs where reconstruction, activation and hyperplasia of the lymphoreticular cells occurred. During the productive phase of the antigen formation the antibiotic levels were 1,5-2 times lower, however, the processes of the antibiotic binding were more pronounced in the organs, where immunocompetent cells and antibodies were synthesized. During extinction of immunogenesis reduction of the initial antibiotic levels was recorded. Therefore, the changes directly depended on the periods of immunogenesis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Acylase distribution in animal and human tissues].

Distribution of acylase in different tissues of nine species of animals was studied. The following types of nitrogen elimination were distinguished: ammoniatelic (fish), uricotelic (birds) and uriotelic (amphibians, mammalians). The enzymic activity was estimated in the tissues of the brain, lung, muscle, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, small intestine and blood serum. The acylase activity was found in the kidney, liver and pancreas. Its level in the kidney increases with the animal weight growth, the enzyme activity being observed only in the cortical layer.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1975

[Some patterns in the distribution of free and bound monomycin in the organs and tissues of immunized animals].

Distribution of unbound and bound monomycin in rabbits immunized against paratyphoid fever and colibacteriosis was studied at various stages of the immunization. The studies showed that the immunological reconstruction had a definite effect on the distribution character and the processes of the antibiotic binding in the vaccinized rabbits. The binding processes in the lymphoid cells increased, while those in the parenchimatose cells decreased. The concentration of the unbound and bound preparation in the organs and tissues at the background of the immunity was 2-3 times lower than that in the non-immunized animals. The bone marrow, where it markedly increased was an exception.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Aminazine distribution in the organs and tissues of rats depending on the routes of administration and the age of the animals].

Distribution of intramuscular and oral aminazin (20 mg/kg) in the brain, lungs, liver, kidneys, heart, ileum, blood and urine was studied in young and old male rats. Intramuscular drug showed maximal accumulation in the lungs and intestine, respectively, whereas at oral administration maximal and minimal accumulation was recorded in the liver and kidneys. Urine excretion of parenteral aminazin was 4-7-fold higher as compared to oral administration. Delayed accumulation of aminazin in the organs and its decreased excretion with urine were recorded in old animals.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Nocardicin A, a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic VI. Absorption, excretion and tissue distribution in animals.

The absorption, excretion and tissue distribution of nocardicin A, a new monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, were studied in various animals. When nocardicin A was given intramuscularly in single doses of 20 mg/kg to rats, rabbits, and dogs, the peak serum levels of nocardicin A were about 1.6 similar to 2.8 times higher than those of carbenicillin in all animals though the levels varied among the species tested. The serum half-life of nocardicin A in these animals was about twice that of carbenicillin. The 24-hour urinary recovery rate of nocardicin A after intramuscular injection was 68.5 percent in rabbits and 77.0 percent in dogs, but was low in rats; i.e., 0.7 percent. When nocardicin A was given intravenously in single doses of 20 mg/kg to these animals, the peak serum levels varied widely among the test species; i.e. about 3 times higher than those of carbenicillin in rabbits and dogs, similar to those in rats. The peak serum and tissue levels of nocardicin A after intramuscular to intravenous injection were the highest in the kidneys, followed by the liver, serum, lungs, heart and spleen. The levels in the liver were prolonged. Nocardicin A, and traces of unknown substances less active than nocardicin A were observed as active substances in the urine recovered after injection of nocardicin A.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1977

[Patterns of clometacillin circulation in the body of laboratory animals].

Distribution of clometacillin in mice, rats and rabbits was studied in comparison with some other penicillins. It was found that clometacillin was superior to all other penicillins used for comparison with respect to the circulation time in the blood after intravenous, intramusclar or intrastomach administration. As for the capacity for penetrating into the tissues from the blood, clometacillin was not inferior to ampicillin and benzylpenicillin and was superior to propicillin, though it was bound by the blood serum proteins to a greater extent than the other penicillins used for comparison.

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

[Cytochemical characteristics of hematopoietic elements in laboratory animals].

Distribution of alkaline and acid phosphatases, L-naph-thylacetateesterase, peroxidase, lipids and glycogen was studied in the blood cells and bone marrow of mongrel albino rats and guinea-pigs by means of cytochemical methods. The intensity of reactions was assessed by Karlow's method. Cytoenzymatic characteristics of the hemopoietic elements and the character of changes in their metabolism during cell differentiation and maturation were ascertained. Quantitative species differences in the content of chemical substances in the blood and bone marrow cells of rats and guinea-pigs were revealed.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Age distribution of animals persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhea virus in twenty-two Danish dairy herds.

The objectives of this study were to compare the age distribution of animals persistently infected (PI) with bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) in 12 herds with clinical BVD compared to ten herds without clinical BVD and to examine the incidence of PI calves born after the oldest PI animal. Blood samples from all animals were tested for bovine virus diarrhea virus and antibodies. In five herds, blood samples were obtained from calves born after the whole herd had been tested. All calves born by PI dams were also blood tested. In herds with clinical BVD the median age of PI animals was 248 days and in herds without clinical BVD the median age was 144 days. There was no significant difference between the age of PI animals in herds with clinical BVD compared to herds without clinical BVD (p = 0.48) suggesting similar epidemiology of the occurrences of PI animals in the two herd categories. Thereafter, all herds were used to study the incidence of PI animals. A total of 129 PI animals were found. In ten herds with 72 PI animals the age range of PI animals was more than six months. In these herds 26.3% of the PI animals were born within the first two months after birth of the oldest PI animal, no PI animals were born 2- less than 6 months, 52.7% were born 6- less than 14 months, 6.9% were born 14- less than 22 months and 13.9% (all born by PI dams) were born later than 22 months after the oldest PI animal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

[Fluctuation and distribution of animal room temperature and the temperature in cages (author's transl)].

The temperature of various positions in an occupied animal room (mice, rats) including inside of cages were measured using a 50 channels thermal data recorder (step time 0.5 sec, 5 min intermittent through 24 hr and continuous) in a summer day. Any short periodical fluctuation of room temperature had practically no influence on the inside temperature of plastic cages. Against small diurnal fluctuations, stable vertical gradients (about 1 degree C between tops and bottoms of racks) were observed among one hour averages of room air temperatures. Air temperature in the cage fluctuated in larger scale. (up to 3 degrees C) For controlling animal room temperature, each of short periodical fractuation, diurnal change and spasal distribution should be separately concerrned.

Animals↗