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Results for “Ancylostomatoidea”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Immune mechanism of rats on Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in vitro. II. The influence of lymphocytes and peritoneal cells.

Nippostrongylus were collected from the intestines of rats 6 days p.i. and kept under sterile conditions in cultures. Serum, lymphocytes and peritoneal cells of immune or non-infected animals were added in various combinations to the culture media. The culture media were changed 2-3 times in an experimental period of 10 days, resp. serum and cells were added. The lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood or from the mesenterial lymph nodes whereas the mononuclear cells were obtained from the peritoneal cavity. Serum and lymphocytes from the peripheral blood both from immune and non-infected rats, had no increased lethal effect on Nippostrongylus. The highest lethality rate of adults (65-68%) was achieved in cultures with peritoneal cells and lymphocytes from the lymph nodes of sensitized rats. Serum of infected or non-infected animals had no influence on adult Nippostrongylus in cultures with these cell combinations. In the controls without any cell-supplements the survival rate of the parasites was up to 88%.

Ancylostomatoidea↗
PubMed1976

Measurement of anti-enzyme antibodies using an active-site directed radiolabel.

A new technique is described for measuring antibodies to an enzyme which is not available in pure form. The secretions of the rat parasitic nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, were treated with tritiated diisopropylfluorophosphate. Only one component, an acetylcholinesterase, was radiolabelled. Antibodies to this enzyme in rat antisera were estimated by the Farr technique using the labelled enzyme as antigen. The acetylcholinesterase secreted by Necator americanus, the human hookworm, was similarly specifically labelled.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1978

Effect of gamma-irradiation on the survival and development of the infective larvae of the hookworm, Gaigeria pachyscelis.

Irradiation of the infective larvae of Gaigeria pachyscelis Railliet and Henry, 1910 with gamma rays upto 160 Kr had no significant effect on the in vitro survival of these larvae for a period of 49 days, maintained either at room temperature (32.2--39.4 degrees C) or at 4 degrees C. However, the behaviour of the irradiated larvae in the lamb host was much changed, as shown by a marked reduction in the worm establishment and the development of stunted and sterile worms from these larvae. As the level of irradiation increased, there was a corresponding decrease in the subsequent worm establishment. It was found that male larvae are more sensitive to the effects of irradiation than female ones, particularly at higher levels.

Ancylostomatoidea↗
PubMed1978

The use of gamma-radiation-attenuated larvae of Gaigeria pachyscelis Railliet and Henry, 1910, for vaccination in lambs.

The results of vaccination trial in lambs with gamma-irradiated infective larvae of Gaigeria pachyscelis are described. A single percutaneous (P/C) vaccination of lambs with 2000 infective larvae irradiated at 40 Kr induced the development of resistance. The vaccinated lambs successfully resisted a lethal challenge infection of 5000 non-irradiated larvae 3 months later. In the vaccinated lambs, the manifestations of resistance were shown by marked reduction in the worm establishment, development of retarded and functionally sterile worms and absence of clinical signs of hookworm disease after the challenge infection.

Ancylostomatoidea↗
PubMed1978

Changes in the adenylate energy charge of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Nematodirus battus during the development of immunity to these nematodes in their host.

Infection of rats with 2000 infective juveniles of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and of lambs with 60 000 infective juveniles of Nematodirus battus results in a well-marked immunity to these nematodes in their respective host. There is a fall in the adenylate energy charge value of these nematodes during the course of these infections, reaching values of 0.37 in males and 0.27 in females of N. brasiliensis, and 0.31 in males and 0.23 in females of N. battus towards the end of the infections. In hosts given relatively small numbers of infective juveniles, the values for the nematodes removed from the hosts late in the infection remain at a relatively high level. These results indicate that the immune response of the host may affect the energy status of these nematodes, and this could help to explain their subsequent expulsion from the immune host.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1977

Hydroxyproline index as a tool for nutrition status surveys in malarial regions.

1. The efficiency of the urinary hydroxyproline index as an indicator of nutrition status in mass surveys was investigated. The index was determined in 364 children aged under 5 years who participated in the National Nutrition Status Survey of the Republic of Zambia. The results of these biochemical investigations are given for all children and also according to the presence of various tropical parasitic diseases. 2. In rural areas of Zambia the hydroxyproline index was not related to the age of the child during the first 5 years of life. A lower nutritional status as defined by weight-for-age was associated with a lower hydroxyproline index. 3. The main factor affecting the index was the presence of malaria parasites in the blood. Malaria was associated with a lower index in all circumstances investigated, including children with definite growth failure. The mean of the index for healthy children was 2-49. 4. It is concluded that the index is of value in surveys but only in addition to other assessments of nutritional status. In regions where malaria is endemic the index may be of little value in determining nutritional status unless the presence of malaria parasites in the blood is investigated in all subjects and interpretation of the hydroxyproline index where malaria is confirmed is very complex.

Ancylostomatoidea↗
PubMed1977

Effect of iron and protein deficiency on the expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis from the small intestine of the rat.

The relationship between iron deficiency and protein deficiency and infestation of the rat with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was investigated. There was a significant delay in the expulsion of N. brasiliensis from the small intestine of both iron deficient and protein deficient animals and those with a combined deficiency of iron and protein. Iron repletion returned the time of worm expulsion to normal and this would appear to be related to iron deficiency per se rather than to anaemia. Antibody initiated damage to worms was normal in the control animals and in animals with nutritional deficiencies. This suggests that the defect in worm expulsion occurs either in the cell-mediated immune system or in one of the other mediators of expulsion. Extrapolation to the human situation has important therapeutic implications in that iron and protein deficiency may play an important role in the perpetuation of helminth infestations. Thus, to be successful antihelminth therapy should be accompanied by iron and protein supplementation.

Ancylostomatoidea↗
PubMed1978

Intestinal nematodes of man.

An account of the life cycle and morbidity of the commoner intestinal nematodes is given and methods of control and eradication discussed.

Ancylostomatoidea↗
PubMed2024

Investigating Environmental Determinants of Hookworm Transmission using GPS Tracking and Metagenomics Technologies.

To identify potential sources of hookworm infections in a Ghanaian community of endemicity that could be targeted to interrupt transmission, we tracked the movements of infected and noninfected persons to their most frequented locations. Fifty-nine participants (29 hookworm positives and 30 negatives) wore GPS trackers for 10 consecutive days. Their movement data were captured in real time and overlaid on a community grid map. Soil samples were collected and divided into two parts: one for determining the physical and chemical properties and the other for culture of helminth larvae. Soil parameters were determined using standard methods, and the number of larvae recovered from Baermann cultures (expressed as larvae per gram of soil) was recorded. We found no significant difference in the larval counts between sites of infected and noninfected participants (P = 0.59). Sandy-loam soil, pH, and effective cation exchange capacity were associated with high larval recovery counts (P <0.001), whereas nitrogen and clay content were associated with low counts (P <0.001). Genomic DNA was extracted from helminth larvae, and species were identified using metagenomic analysis of DNA sequences. The dominant helminth species identified were Panagrolaimus superbus, Parastrongyloides trichosuri, Trichuris trichiura (human whipworm), and Ancylostoma caninum (dog hookworm). Despite Necator americanus being the predominant species in the community, no larvae of this species were identified. This study, however, demonstrates the feasibility of applying molecular tools for identifying environmental factors and places associated with exposure to human and zoonotic helminths, including areas that may be targeted to break transmission in communities where infection is endemic.

Humans↗