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Results for “Americans with Disabilities Act 1990”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

(In) equality, (ab) normality, and the Americans With Disabilities Act.

The 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act enacted a conceptual shift in the meaning of 'disability.' Rather than defining 'disability' as a disadvantageous physical or mental deficit of persons, it codifies the understanding of 'disability' as a defective state of society which disadvantages these persons. In contrast, the standard medical model incorrectly conceptualizes disabled persons as biologically inferior, and thus confines them to the role of recipients of benevolence or care. Turning to an ethic of caring yields counter-intuitive results that conflict with the conceptual apparatus of the ADA. It is argued that in order to liberate social marginalized to being socially enabled, one must re-conceptualize current practice by adopting the ADA's conceptual framework.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1992

A quality implementation of Title I of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 (Public Law 101-336) will have a major effect on private sector employers. Employers with 25 or more employees must provide qualified persons with disabilities equal access to employment with or without reasonable accommodations by July 1992. Employers with 15 to 24 employees must comply with the law by July 1994. Occupational therapy managers must understand the employment provisions of the law and develop strategies for implementation in order to comply with its regulations. This paper suggests the use of a total quality management approach, as espoused by W. E. Deming (1986), as a framework for an implementation plan. This approach focuses on quality improvement in the organization, respect of all workers for their abilities, replacement of fear of persons with disabilities with respect, and the building of partnerships between employers and employees with disabilities. A summary of the provisions of Title I as well as a checklist of measures and a sample job description that adheres to the regulations of Title I is presented to prepare an organization to become compliant. Occupational therapists are seen as uniquely skilled professionals who can contribute greatly in their own organizations as well as act as consultants to other managers in implementing Title I of the ADA using a total quality approach.

Civil Rights↗
PubMed1996

(In) equality, (AB) normality, and the Americans with Disabilities Act.

The 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act enacted a conceptual shift in the meaning of 'disability.' Rather than defining 'disability' as a disadvantageous physical or mental deficit of persons, it codifies the understanding of 'disability' as a defective state of society which disadvantages these persons. In contrast, the standard medical model incorrectly conceptualizes disabled persons as biologically inferior, and thus confines them to the role of recipients of benevolence or care. Turning to an ethic of caring yields counter-intuitive results that conflict with the conceptual apparatus of the ADA. It is argued that in order to liberate social thought from this medical model and thus move the disabled from being socially marginalized to being socially enabled, one must re-conceptualize current practice by adopting the ADA's conceptual framework.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fitness to work with skin disease and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

The Americans with Disabilities Act seeks to prevent applicants from being denied work of which they are capable. This chapter discusses the act and its advantages for persons with disabilities. The author also describes skin diseases that constitute a basis for excluding a prospective employee and skin diseases that can become aggravated in the workplace.

Dermatitis, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shopping center wheelchair accessibility: ongoing advocacy to implement the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

Although the regulations of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 were phased in by 1992, monitoring and enforcement continue to be problematic. This study of three large shopping centers in the Southwest included one mall that was opened in the mid-1990s, and two malls that were constructed prior to the law (but have undergone recent renovations). Use of the ADA Accessibility Guidelines Checklist for Buildings and Facilities (Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board [ATBCB], 1992) generated data which were analyzed descriptively to determine the frequency and percent compliance in: parking lots, entrances, ramps, elevators, telephones, restrooms, food courts, and 12 specific store-types. No mall was fully compliant in any area, other than telephone specifications. In other areas, compliance ranged from 0% (ramp slopes in the newer mall) to many areas of 100% compliance (for example, outdoor curb ramps and food court seating spaces and aisles). The implications are that shoppers who are wheelchair mobile cannot count on complete compliance and cannot predict which physical architectural barriers they will find in shopping centers.

Architectural Accessibility↗
PubMed1992

Benefits of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 for children and adolescents with disabilities.

The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) (Public Law 101-336) is a civil rights law intended to bring men, women, and children with disabilities into the mainstream of American life. This paper discusses the relation of the law to pediatric occupational therapy practice. The spirit of the ADA is highly compatible with occupational therapy's philosophical perspective. Occupational therapy personnel value functional independence, which requires an interactive relation between the environment and the child. Current pediatric practice models focus on deficit reduction and give limited attention to the environment, even though physical, social, and temporal environments contribute to disability, as do performance component deficits. An environment-centered model is suggested as a pediatric service provision approach compatible with the philosophical background of the ADA. This model emphasizes education and consultation to businesses and individuals for the purpose of altering environments to be accessible and accommodating to children and adolescents with disabilities. Three examples of environment-centered services are presented: (a) an evaluation of environments and reasonable accommodation recommendations for a teenager with a physical disability, (b) the mother of a child with cerebral palsy, and (c) the parents and program director of a community recreation program.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Empirical study of the Americans with Disabilities Act: employment issues from 1990 to 1994.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is the most comprehensive federal civil rights law addressing discrimination against one-fifth of the American population. This article is meant to contribute to the emerging dialogue on ADA implementation by presenting information from a longitudinal investigation of employment integration and economic opportunity under the employment provisions of the ADA, set forth in Title I of the act. The broader relevance of the investigation to emerging questions under Title I law is described. Thereafter, the investigation's seven core findings are presented, and then the implications for future investigation of the ADA are examined.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 and employees with mental impairments: personal efficacy and the environment.

The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) (Public Law 101-336) provides persons with mental health problems basic rights resulting in full access to community resources, especially the rights and privileges associated with the work role. This paper discusses the law, personal self-efficacy, and four environmental aspects as they relate to the employment of persons with mental impairments: (a) employer and co-worker attitudes, (b) essential job functions, (c) reasonable accommodations, and (d) community access. Areas of intervention for occupational therapists in mental health include attitude and advocacy training, assisting employers in providing reasonable accommodations, and preparing persons with mental impairments to be successful employees. Examples in occupational therapy are reviewed to illustrate the implementation of the ADA with persons with mental health problems.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Responses within nonfederal hospitals in Pennsylvania to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study described responses within nonfederal hospitals in Pennsylvania to the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). SUBJECTS: The target population consisted of all 277 nonfederal hospitals licensed by the Pennsylvania Department of Health and Department of Public Welfare. METHODS: Questionnaires were mailed to the 270 chief administrators for the 277 hospitals. RESULTS: One hundred seventeen questionnaires (43.3%) were returned. More facilities had trained their managers regarding the ADA versus their nonmanagerial employees. Overall, 80.3% of the hospitals had an ADA committee or coordinator. Fifty-four percent of the respondents reported that job accommodations cost less than $500. Approximately 45% of the participants cited that the percentage of new construction costs spent to increase accessibility in their hospitals was less than 4.9%. More complaints and legal matters were received by facilities regarding the employment provisions of the ADA rather than the accessibility provisions. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The results suggest that hospitals need to monitor ADA-related expenses, more employee training is needed to ensure the ADA's success, and more representation is needed on hospital committees by rehabilitation personnel and individuals with disabilities.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. A primer of Title I provisions for occupational health care professionals.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) employment title affects a broad range of employment-related health care activities including medical data collection from applicants and employees, drug screening, decisions arising from health and safety concerns, accommodation review, and confidentiality of medical records. The ADA also expands the rights afforded disabled persons under the Rehabilitation Act by codifying disparate impact analysis and the employer's duty to provide reasonable accommodation. This article reviews those provisions of the act's employment title, implementing regulations, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's interpretive comment that either expand the rights of the disabled or are of particular relevance to the practice of occupational medicine.

Disability Evaluation↗
PubMed1998

Pennsylvania Department of Corrections et al. v. Ronald R. Yeskey: prisons and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

This article reviews a recent U.S. Supreme Court decision that addresses the issue of whether Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, which prohibits a public entity from discriminating against a person with a disability due to that individual's disability, applies to inmates in state prisons. Potential ramifications of this important decision are briefly addressed.

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1992

An industrial model for assisting employers to comply with the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990.

Innovative opportunities exist for occupational therapists to expand their role and assume a more active role in helping employers comply with the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) (Public Law 101-336). This article proposes an industrial model to facilitate earlier employer involvement and compliance with Title I of the ADA. It introduces the process for implementation of the Industrial Model of Rehabilitation Management (developed by the second author), defines the therapist's role, presents a clinical example, and discusses weaknesses and strengths of the model. Therapists are encouraged to familiarize themselves with the Industrial Model proposed to assist the employer's implementation of the ADA.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Implementing the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 in higher education.

The purpose of this paper is to provide educators and administrators in higher education with a greater understanding of how the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) (Public Law 101-336) may affect institutions of higher education and to suggest ways that occupational therapists can assist institutions of higher education to comply with the ADA. When educators attempt to comply with the ADA in systems of higher education, the complexity of universities calls for a model reflective of that complexity. The systems approach to higher education, a model based on the general systems theory, is suggested as such a model. The three essential components of the model--input (i.e., applicants to a university), throughput (i.e., enrolled university student), and output (i.e., the student being graduated)--are acted on by many subsystems of the university. Some of those likely to be affected are application procedures, transportation, housing, dining facilities, and curricula. In planning ways to comply with the ADA, educators in higher education may find that many of these subsystems are required to adapt and make reasonable accommodations for the student with a disability. The model can be used to help identify those subsystems that will be affected by the law and to facilitate planning to comply with the law. Although occupational therapists most often work with persons to help them adapt to change in their lives, they can also work in systems of higher education and help the systems to plan and implement programs related to the ADA. The most effective programs are usually those that are well planned and designed from a holistic perspective, rather than those that are developed as a reaction to a specific situation or incident, that is, programs that are proactive rather than reactive. By using the systems approach to higher education, occupational therapists can focus on those components and subsystems within a university that may be affected by the ADA and meet the individual needs of a university.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

An analysis of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

This paper presents the basic philosophies that have influenced the development of social policy affecting the disabled. These philosophies include utilitarianism, humanitarianism, and human rights. It is suggested that the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is grounded in the human rights philosophy. Under the Act, disabled individuals are treated as an oppressed group who have been denied basic constitutional rights. The Americans With Disabilities Act is considered to be the "emancipation proclamation for the disabled."

Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1994

Implications of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 for elderly persons.

Because the prevalence of disability increases proportionately with age, the expanding population of older adults is potentially the largest single group to benefit from the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) (Public Law 101-336). One fourth of elderly persons have functional disabilities acquired through age-related chronic and acute conditions. The ADA guarantees older adults with disabilities equality in the workplace and the community. It also enhances their opportunities to continue living independently as long as possible. Applications of the ADA for elderly persons with functional impairments include providing opportunities to continue working in a job suited to their abilities, eliminating structural or programmatic barriers to full inclusion, and providing accommodations for sensory losses. Occupational therapists also have certain responsibilities and opportunities in supporting the rights of elderly persons with functional impairments under the ADA. These responsibilities include providing rehabilitation to promote community reintegration, consulting with employers and service providers on the unique needs of the elderly, and advocating on behalf of and in association with older Americans.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

Integrating the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 into client intervention.

Testimony provided by Kemp (1991) before the Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities of the U.S. House of Representatives provided occupational therapists with an open invitation to become involved with the implementation of the ADA: [The] EEOC's [Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's] Office of General Counsel anticipates that a significant portion of the ADA cases will require the use of medical, architectural, ergonomics or vocational specialists. These experts will be called on to provide advice and guidance on general and specific ADA issues and to provide specific advice and testimony in certain cases. (Kemp, 1991 [no page no.]) We need to rally to this opportunity. Occupational therapists' knowledge and understanding of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 is an important component to providing comprehensive services to clients. It is crucial that we as occupational therapists become sophisticated regarding the implications of the ADA and advocate for its implementation for our clients.

Activities of Daily Living↗