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In the absence of symptoms indicative of pathological processes in the region of clinically edentulous alveolar processes, primary radiographic examination is sometimes omitted. For this reason, the authors report the results from the evaluation of the radiographs of 2177 patients with clinically edentulous alveolar processes. 320 (14.7%) positive findings were obtained from 278 patients. The great number of positive findings justifies the demand for careful radiographic examination also in case of clinically edentulous alveolar processes prior to the planning of any stomatological treatment.
Specific features of the disposition of root apexes of premolars and molars in the alveolar process of the upper jaw were studied in 148 skulls and 67 tooth-jaw cuts. The least thickness of the alveolar process was found to be at the level of the first premolar (10,41 +/- 0,33 mm), and the greatest--at the level of the first molar (14,075 +/- +/- 0,456 mm). Strong correlation of the alveolar process was established between the levels of the premolars and the last two molars. The distance from the apexes of cheek roots of the first molar to the bottom of the maxillary sinus is 2,05--2,92 mm, and the palatal roots -- 2,02 mm. On roentgenograms the molar roots are often projected on the sinus bottom.
Different materials have been used for reconstruction of the alveolar process. None of these, however, is perfect in every respect. Allogenic demineralized dentin has been shown to induce bone formation and to maintain the bone contour. In the present case this material was used to reconstruct a traumatic defect of the alveolar process in the region of the upper left incisors. The result was satisfactory, both esthetically and functionally. Additional cases and a longer period of observation will be necessary to assess the relevance of this finding.
The predilection of lepromatous leprosy for body sites substantially below core temperature is well known, and within the oral cavity the premaxillary alveolar process and upper central incisor teeth are especially affected. In this study, intra-oral temperatures were recorded by means of a series of thermistor probes applied to the teeth and labial surfaces of the gums of normal subjects. The temperature distribution established showed a close correlation with the known pattern of involvement of teeth and supporting structures derived from clinical, pathological and archeological data. Relatively low temperature of the premaxillary alveolar process was demonstrated, a factor which may be of prime importance for the localization of disease in this region, as it is for other tissues in the lepromatous patient.
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In this article the results are presented of the reconstruction of the alveolar process with iliac crest bone grafts in 14 patients. In all cases in a second operation a vestibuloplasty and a floor-of-mouth plasty was done. After an average follow-up period of 39 months, almost complete resorption of the bone grafts was observed. The clinical results varied. To obtain better results and avoid complications like pain at the donor and graft sites, mental nerve disturbances and other major problems associated with bone grafting, we prefer to perform the visor osteotomy in the future.
An unusual case of overgrowth of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible of a 20-month-old child has been presented. Photographs and roentgenograms and the microscopic report on the tissue taken from one of the processes at the postmortem examination are submitted.
Statistics from 1500 orthodontic cases confirm the frequency of total clinical forms of inclination abnormalities of the alveolar processes. The results obtained emphasize the importance of teleradiography of the head in a vertical position, the X-rays being directed perpendicularly in the direction of the plane of bite of the molars, completing in a transverse direction the morphological examinations begun by teleradiographies of the side of the face.
The healing of an extraction wound is taken as starting-point, and complications and their avoidance are discussed insofar as they affect the shape of the alveolar process. Surgical methods of treating cysts and other tumours are reviewed, and it is shown how these may be carried out with little damage to the form of the denture-base. Every dentist should bear in mind subsequent prosthetic care whenever undertaking surgery of the oral cavity.
The stability and the mobility of full lower dentures (as determined in 185 edentulous subjects by mea-s of the tests according to Herbst) were brought in relation to the form of the endentulous alveolar process. There was a statistically significant relationship which may be used for prognostic purposes.
When facial growth occurs in a manner outside general rules, progressive adaptation of the dental system to slow modification in the anatomical relations of the upper and lower jaws occurs by means of progressive compensatory inclination of the alveolar processes. This results, according to the direction of movement, in an increase or decrease in the space available for the teeth. In the two cases presented as examples, teleradiography of the head in lateral and vertical views demonstrated changes in the length and width of the dental arcades.
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The ultrastructural study of the alveolar bone surface of adult rat molars has shown the presence of resting, developing and resorbing areas. Intermediary, tight and gap junctions were observed between the cell processes of osteoblasts and osteocytes. In developing zones, the progressive differentiation of bone lacunae was followed. In resting zones, fibroblast-like cells with large intercellular spaces were observed. The ultrastructure of the osteocytes and the organic periosteocytic space was variable. The osteoclastic resorption showed an initial mineral attack followed by a collagen breakdown. Some observations suggested a relationship between the osteocytes and the origin of the osteoclast.
A quantitative study of alveolar bone resorption around the first lower rat molar has been conducted on horizontal sections. The number of osteoclasts/mm2 and the percentage of resorbing periodontal membrane surface of the socket rose through an increase in occlusal forces induced by an amalgam filling in slight occlusal overbite. The increase in resorption was significantly related to the duration of force application. The number of osteoclasts was more than tripled after 18 days. But this increase was observed in areas already previously submitted to osteoclastic resorption during bone remodeling associated with physiological tooth drift.
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