Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Akabane virus (AKAV)”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Development and epidemiological investigation of a TaqMan-based multiplex real-time quantitative PCR assay for simultaneous detection of five bovine viruses (BVDV, AKAV, BNoV, BEV, and BCoV).

INRODUCTION: Infectious diseases caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), Akabane virus (AKAV), bovine norovirus (BNoV), bovine enterovirus (BEV), and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) significantly threaten the cattle industry, resulting in substantial economic losses. These pathogens often present similar clinical signs, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and reproductive disorders in pregnant cattle, and frequent covert or mixed infections further complicate accurate diagnosis. Therefore, rapid, sensitive, and field‑deployable diagnostic methods are essential for effective disease surveillance and control in the cattle industry. METHODS: In this study, we report for the first time the establishment of a TaqMan‑based real‑time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay that enables simultaneous detection of these five bovine viruses. Multiple sequence alignment of conserved genomic regions was performed, and virus‑specific primers and probes were designed and optimized using Beacon Designer 7 software. Subsequently, a TaqMan‑based multiplex real‑time qPCR assay was established for simultaneous detection of BVDV, AKAV, BNoV, BEV, and BCoV. The established detection method was applied to 200 clinical samples collected from 10 farms in multiple regions of Jilin Province. RESULTS: The results showed that the detection rates for BVDV, AKAV, BNoV, BEV, and BCoV were 33.50%, 0.50%, 4.50%, 7.50%, and 12.00%, respectively. Mixed infections were detected in 9 samples co‑infected with two of the five pathogens, with an overall mixed infection rate of 4.50%. Compared with conventional PCR, coincidence rates were 100% for BVDV, AKAV, BNoV, BEV, and BCoV. DISCUSSION: These findings indicate that the TaqMan multiplex real‑time qPCR assay developed here demonstrates favorable specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. This assay enables efficient detection and surveillance of bovine viruses, offering a reliable technical tool for the diagnosis and control of corresponding viral diseases in cattle.

Akabane virus (AKAV)↗
PubMed2007

Sequence determination and functional analysis of the Akabane virus (family Bunyaviridae) L RNA segment.

Akabane virus (AKAV) causes epizootic congenital deformities in cattle, sheep, and goats. Due to the lack of a complete genome sequence, the molecular biological properties of this virus are not known. We have cloned and sequenced the functional large (L) RNA segment of AKAV, and shown that it has polymerase activity using a minireplicon system with RNA polymerase I. The complete L RNA segment is 6868 nucleotides long and encodes an L protein of 2251 amino acids, which functions as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. A minireplicon reporter plasmid was constructed by flanking either the firefly luciferase or the green fluorescent protein gene in the antisense orientation with the 5'- and 3'-terminal noncoding regions of the small RNA segment. HmLu-1 cells were transfected with the reporter plasmid, and the L protein and nucleoprotein (N protein) expression plasmids. The reporter activity was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner with increasing concentration of either the L or N protein expression plasmid. Furthermore, the reporter activity could be downregulated by the AKAV NSs protein as well as by other orthobunyaviruses. These results show that the AKAV minireplicon system is a powerful tool for studying transcription and for rescuing infectious viruses from cloned cDNAs.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Detection and quantitation of akabane and aino viruses by multiplex real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR.

A multiplex, quantitive reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR, using MGB TaqMan chemistry, for detecting akabane virus (AKAV) and aino virus (AINV) is described. Each specific probe was labeled with a different fluorescent dye--VIC for detecting AKAV and 6-carboxy-fluorescein (FAM) for detecting AINV. All available sequences of viral S RNA were aligned and primers and probes were designed so that AKAV primers and probes would recognize all AKAVs but not AINV, and vice versa. The parameters for multiplex reactions enabled the detection of both viruses in one tube reaction with similar efficiency. To quantitate the viruses, cDNA amplicons containing the real-time amplicon were prepared using forward primers carrying the T7 promoter sequences. The cDNAs were used directly as templates for run-off transcription and 10-fold dilutions of the products served as standards to quantitate unknown viral samples. Using this system had shown that it could detect approximately 3-30 copies of viral S genome.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Akabane virus in Israel: a new virus lineage.

This report describes the first molecular characterization of Akabane virus (AKAV) in Israel. The virus was recognized by real-time RT-PCR in extracts from Culicoides imicola insects trapped at the Volcani Center located in the center of Israel. This is also the first report on the use of real-time RT-PCR to identify the virus. The quantitative capability of this technique was applied, and it was calculated that the insect extract contains 1.5 x 10(5) copies of the genome segment S. Following amplification of the small (S) genome segment, its nucleotide sequence was determined to have 93.4% identity or greater with the S segment of other AKAV isolates. The deduced amino acid (aa) sequence of the combined nucleocapsid and the non-structural protein showed more than 96.6% identity. Phylogentic trees constructed using the combined deduced nucleocapsid and the non-structural protein aa sequences showed that the Israeli isolate forms a fourth cluster of AKAV, indicating a separate virus lineage. Attempts to isolate the virus by inoculation to Vero cells and by intracerebral inoculation to mice were unsuccessful.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Sequence analysis of the medium RNA segment of three Simbu serogroup viruses, Akabane, Aino, and Peaton viruses.

The sequence analysis was carried out for the medium (M) RNA segment of the Akabane virus (AKAV), Aino virus (AINV), and Peaton virus (PEAV) of the Simbu serogroup of the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Bunyaviridae. The complementary sequences of the M RNA segments of AKAV, AINV, and PEAV contain a single large open reading frame (ORF), like other orthobunyaviruses. The ORFs potentially encode 1401 amino acids (aa), 1404 aa, and 1400 aa polypeptides, respectively. The identity of the M segment among these viruses is remarkably low, although previous researchers reported that the small RNA segments are highly conserved. Because the M segment codes for the viral surface glycoproteins G1 and G2, the variability of the M segment may affect the antigenicity of these viruses. Phylogenetic studies based on the M and S segment sequences suggested that genetic reassortment has been occurring among ancestral viruses of the three Simbu serogroup viruses throughout their evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the antibodies specific to akabane virus.

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Akabane virus (AKAV) was developed to detect antibodies to AKAV in cattle sera. The performance of the test using 7 different competitor MAbs was evaluated in sequential serum samples and sera from cattle infected with various bovine arboviruses. The dynamics of the antibody response expressed by percentage of inhibition (PI) in C-ELISA coincided with those of neutralizing antibody titers in sequential serum samples from 2 cattle experimentally infected with AKAV. The value of PI in C-ELISA for convalescent sera from cattle infected with arboviruses correlated with the neutralizing antibody titer to AKAV but was unaffected by the antibodies to other arboviruses. In the validation experiment of C-ELISA using 286 bovine sera previously examined for the AKAV antibody by serum neutralization (SN) test, the relative specificity of C-ELISA was more than 98%, whereas the relative sensitivities of individual MAbs ranged from 49% to 82.2%. Overall agreement between C-ELISA and the SN test varied from 72% to 90% depending on the MAb. These results suggest that the C-ELISA is acceptable as a rapid and specific method for detecting antibodies to AKAV and is a potential alternative to the SN test.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Serological evidence of akabane virus infection in northern Israel in 2001.

In February 2002 the first cases of a "blind newborn calves" syndrome with hydranencephaly appeared in Israel. Eighty-one serum samples, from 54 animals on farms where the syndrome was recorded and 27 others from unaffected farms were examined by neutralization of Akabane virus (AKAV, strain OBE-1) by the micro-titer method. Forty-seven of the 54 samples from the affected farms contained high serum neutralization titers against AKAV (mean SN titer 79.5 and +/- 44.7, standard deviation), whereas only one of the 27 samples from the unaffected farms was positive (titer of 8). These results suggest that the vector(s) of AKAV was circulating in Israel in August through December, 2001.

Animals↗