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Adolescent psychiatry is a new discipline implied in mental health and individual health as suicide attempts, substance abuse and drug addiction, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders.... This disorders appears at this age and often continue with the adult. Adolescent psychiatry is an original practice with young people in development which had to learn the self-care. This work is an illustration of this point of view.
Adolescent psychiatry as a body of knowledge has shown encouraging growth in recent years, as research findings from general psychiatry have been added to new data on adolescent psychological and physical development. The author reviews recent findings on selected topics in adolescent psychopathology, including adaptive disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, phobias, attention deficit disorders, depression, manic-depressive illness, suicidal impulses, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, and borderline states. He also outlines findings on normal adolescent development and discusses the problems of diagnosing children and adolescents with psychological problems. Studies in anxiety, attention deficit, and conduct disorders, he says, are yielding important new findings by combining biological and psychological insights.
Adolescence is a phase of human development which is marked by a high vulnerability due to the ongoing psycho-physiological transformations. The regulation of the self-esteem is especially in danger in youngsters who went into adolescence with a marked burden of conflicts or who lived in families with disturbed intrafamilial dynamics. To be present as a partner and not to find the solutions for the adolescents' conflicts, to accept their questioning of what is established and to recognize their movements of reconciliation are the quite complex demands put on to the world of the adults. Adolescents urge us to a review of our own adolescence, to a balancing of hate and love, openness and rigidity, and to dialectic movements between disintegration and reintegration as well as between the generations. Any help, be it on the physical, the social or the psychic level, should be directed toward a restitution of the intrapsychic, intrafamilial or intergenerational balance; sociocultural factors have also always to be respected. The helpers--especially in a culture with rapid change--are often confronted with their own adolescence, which took place a generation before and mostly under totally different conditions.
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The paper discusses problems that arise in psychotherapy with late adolescent patients when other individuals somehow become indirectly involved in ways that require or suggest some exchange of information. These individuals may be parents or administrative and teaching personnel within an institution. The differences between confidentiality, privileged communication, and privacy are discussed, and specific difficulties discussed in the therapy of late adolescents who are in the process of psychologically (as well as legally) attempting to achieve the independent status of a young adult.
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Among 1502 aggressive children and adolescents who had been presented and treated at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the University of Tübingen there were 25 who had been cruel to animals. These were exclusively boys (23 out of 25). The age distribution of the zoosadists showed an increased incidence in 13, 17 and 18 year olds which is connected with problems of puberty, group constraints and proving virility. Compared with a control group of "only aggressive" patients, organic brain damage owing to complications of pregnancy or delivery, overtaxing upbringing by the parents and absence of a positive father figure could be demonstrated in the zoosadists. The hypothesis that aggressive children and adolescents have less chance to live out their aggressions in interpersonal relations use zoosadism as "evasion aggression" could only be confirmed in part. One third of the zoosadists showed additional disorders of sexual behaviour and the sexual-sadistic component was manifested in the zoosadistic action.
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