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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Prevalence of premorbid forms and chronic nonspecific lung diseases: study based on special examination of the population of 3 administrative districts of Leningrad].

For the first time ever, a familial study of 15,319 residents of three administrative districts in Leningrad has provided data on the prevalence of premorbid pulmonary conditions (157%) and chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease (118%). For Leningraders, average risk of premorbid conditions transforming into clinical ones was about 40%, which is the most objective criterion of the efficiency of bronchopulmonary disease prevention programs in large cities. In addition, data on the pattern of transformation of premorbid conditions into chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease are presented with respect to sex and age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Prevention of atherosclerosis among 11-year-old schoolchildren in two Moscow administrative districts.

A total of 4,213 boys and girls 11 years of age were screened in two Moscow administrative districts. Preventive measures were conducted in one district and were directed at excess body mass, systolic blood pressure, blood lipids (only among boys), cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity. A reference group of peers, who did not receive advice on prevention, was selected from another district. The intervention was targeted to three groups--schoolchildren, their parents, and teaching staff. It included round-table discussions, lectures, and the distribution of health-education materials relating to dietary habits and smoking. Over a 3-year period, these measures resulted in nonsignificant decline in the age-specific increase in body mass compared to the reference group. The intervention group had smaller subscapular skinfold thickness measurements than the reference group. These differences were significant. Mean systolic blood pressure increased with age in both groups. The increase was less in the intervention group than in the reference group and affected boys less than girls. A significant decrease in lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) was observed in the intervention district. We conclude that additional study is needed to evaluate more precisely the effectiveness of such prevention efforts.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1987

Distribution of leukemia, lymphoma, and allied disease in parts of Great Britain: analysis by administrative districts and simulations of adjacencies. Leukaemia Research Fund 1984 Data Collection Group.

An analysis is presented of the distribution of cases of leukemia and allied disorders occurring in 151 administrative districts from England, Wales, and Scotland during 1984. The age-adjusted rates for certain conditions present an unusual pattern highlighting excessively high and low rates in parts of the country, some of which share contiguous boundaries. In particular, high rates for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are found in rural Yorkshire districts, whereas leukemias and primary polycythemias are much more common in the Midland districts.

Female↗
PubMed1998

[Incidence of neural tube defects in the Magdeburg administrative district].

The Magdeburg Register of birth defects includes information on the incidence rate of neural tube defects (NTD) in the city of Magdeburg since 1980, and in the Regierungsbezirk (administrational district) since 1987. The average prevalence of NTD was 16.4 per 10,000 births in the city of Magdeburg, and 12 per 10,000 births in the surrounding counties. Besides of this significant difference between the city and counties, there are conspicuous variations from one year to the next. In 1987 the prevalence of NTD was about 27 per 10,000 births in the city of Magdeburg whereas the observed prevalence in the countryside was about 19 per 10,000 births. Different eating habits and/or increased teratogenic influences in the city may be considered as causes. In 1997 there was also a high rate of incidence of NTD in the city of Magdeburg--16.4 per 10,000 births. The incidence rate of NTD in the counties (about 10 per 10,000) births) is again lower than in the city. Because of these incidence rates, we may assume that the examined population is insufficiently protected by folic acid in the preconceptional stage.

Causality↗
PubMed2003

[Alternative/complementary treatments: knowledge and practice of nurses in the 71st administrative district --Santo Amaro-Sao Paulo].

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nurses knowledge and actions taken regarding alternative or complementary therapies (AT or CT) at the County (municipal) Health Units of the 71st Administrative District, in Santo Amaro, SP. The research use a quantitative apProach and a qualitative analysis of the field data that showed that 89% of the nurses have confidence in AT/CTs but only 22.2% know the legal basis for its use and 5.5% had courses on the techniques. 44.4% use these therapies on themselves and 11.1% on their patients. Altogether 7 different AT/CTs were listed and classified in 5 Hill's groups. It was found that there is a need for including new knowledge as a complementary option for the promotion of the population's health.

Brazil↗
PubMed2006

American foulbrood of the honey bee: occurrence and distribution of different genotypes of Paenibacillus larvae in the administrative district of Arnsberg (North Rhine-Westphalia).

Between March 2003 and October 2004, Paenibacillus larvae, the aetiological agent of American foulbrood disease of the honey bee, was isolated from broodcombs and honey samples of 54 apiaries in the administrative district of Arnsberg (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany). Genotyping of 176 P. larvae isolates with repetitive element polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting (rep-PCR) using BOX A1R and MBO REP1 primers revealed five different genotypes (AB, Ab, ab, ass, Acapital BE, Cyrillic). In samples of three apiaries, more than one genotype was detected. A combination of two genotypes was isolated from honey samples of the same hive two times (ab/ass and Ab/ab). The five genotypes were not randomly distributed in the district, but revealed a certain geographical clustering. Possible factors with impact on the genotype diversity and the distribution pattern are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Distribution of Rhesus haplotype frequencies in the Cologne (North Rhine-Westphalia) administrative district].

The Rhesus haplotype frequencies and their regional distribution have been studied in the administrative area of Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia. The area studied is characterised by a heterogeneous distribution of the haplotypes and by missing Hardy-Weinberg conditions. There are higher CDe- and lower cde-haplotype frequencies in the south-western part. The distribution of the very rare cDue haplotype could be correlated with higher B frequencies in the administrative areas of Cologne and Düsseldorf.

Ethnicity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Guidelines for health surveillance of health care workers exposed to biological risks set up by the Italian Society for Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene: application in health facilities of the Regional Health Administration--District No. 7, Ancona].

BACKGROUND: Evidence Based Medicine and the need to achieve better management of health budgets call for verification and, if necessary, revision of the criteria used in Occupational Health, in order to ensure appropriate measures as regards protection of health at the workplace. In December 2003, the Marche Region initiated a process of reform of the regional health service, which will be completed in two years, and will provide a new regional health organization that will improve the quality and appropriateness of health services available to the population. The reform also involves the Occupational Health Services responsible for prevention activities for 20,000 health care workers employed in regional public health facilities. The need was strongly felt to set up a network that would meet the health needs of health care workers, by adopting a common language among occupational health physicians, by eliminating reported criticism, which is due not only to lack of communication between different structures and profiles, but also to the different methods of approach, evaluation and management of occupational risks. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: From a historical point of view, the health sector has the biggest as regards prevention of biological risk. Therefore, with a view to harmonizing actions and approach among occupational health physicians in the evaluation of this risk, the publication by the Italian Society for Occupational of Health and Industrial Hygiene of Guidelines for health surveillance of health care workers exposed to biological risks, produced by the working group under the leadership of Prof. Lorenzo Alessio, was considered to offer an interesting opportunity to verify the reproducibility of methods and the quality of results, as applied to health facilities under the Regional Health Administration in Ancona (District No. 7). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Guidelines fully confirmed the need to plan activities, starting from analysis of epidemiological and occupational data, thus assuring good results both in terms of efficacy and efficiency of the health surveillance programme used. This method also assures a high level of appropriateness of medical measures as regards the "safety" target, at the same time avoiding waste and poor management of human and economic resources, which were till now caused by differences in methods used in assessment of biological risk.

Biological Factors↗
PubMed2001

[Genetic studies in the Cologne administrative district (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany): DNA-STR systems FGA, TH01, VWA and YNZ22].

The DNA-STR systems FGA, TH01, VWA, YNZ22 have been studied in two German population samples (Eschweiler, Stolberg and Hürtgenwald, Inden, Langerwehe, administrative area of Cologne, Northrhine-Westphalia). The cluster analysis, including data from Düsseldorf, Germany and from Poland, resulted in a cluster with Eschweiler, Stolberg and Düsseldorf, separating to a certain degree Hürtgenwald, Inden, Langerwehe and Poland more clearly. In contrary to the expectations (based on the history of the migration from Northeastern Europe to Northrhine-Westfalia) and the results of the study of 22 hemogenetic systems (Scheil & Huckenbeck 2000) there was a somewhat larger genetic distance between Eschweiler, Stolberg and Poland than between Hürtgenwald, Inden, Langerwehe and Poland. The combined data of the four STRs and the 22 hemogenetic systems resulted--as expected--in smaller genetic distances between Eschweiler, Stolberg and Poland as well as between Düsseldorf and Poland. These different genetic distances are interpreted as a result of the migration from North-East Europe to North Rhine-Westphalia in the last 130 years and the selective geographic distribution of the migrants in the industrial and urbanised areas.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

[The helminth fauna of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes LINNE 1758) in the administrative district of Karlsruhe. 2. Nematodes].

Between February 1989 and January 1990 a total of 801 foxes were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine and 835 foxes for the presence of Trichinella spiralis larvae. The animals came from the german federal administration area of Karlsruhe. The following nematodes in order of frequency were found: Toxocara canis (30.2%), Uncinaria stenocephala (24.3%), Toxascaris leonina (2.0%) and Ancyclostoma caninum (1.1%). The investigation of the muscles of all animals for Trichinella spiralis was negative, however.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of the future resources and needs for hospitalization in Hong Kong SAR (Special Administrative District).

OBJECTIVES: To study the 'compression of morbidity' theory in the Hong Kong SAR by analysing the age and gender-specific hospitalization rates and the expected length of stay per patient for the period 1996-2000. 'Compression of morbidity' refers to the hypothesis that medical progress will reduce the duration of morbidity during life more significantly than increasing morbidity by extending life. DESIGN: This is a retrospective study based on hospital admissions data from the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong which covers 93% of the patient population. SETTING: Age and gender-specific hospitalization rates, expected length of stay and hospitalization needs for each specific age group in Hong Kong from 1996 to 2000, are estimated. MAIN RESULTS: There is no empirical support for compression theory; and there is no significant change in the hospital admission rates for the period 1996-2000. The total number of patient days is expected to increase by 80% because of the ageing effect alone. It is projected that the geriatric service will account for more than 60% of the hospital patient days utilization in 2029. The elderly dependency ratio will increase and the social burden for the next generation will be increased, as the working populations size continues to decrease due to low fertility in the Hong Kong SAR. CONCLUSION: The health care burden on the government is large and increasing. It is therefore essential to make plans to deal with the ageing population, which is predicted to be at its highest in 2020. The rising effect of public expectations on hospital services exerts further pressure on demand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[The prevalence of neurodermatitis among school children in the Hannover administrative district].

A special questionnaire was developed to obtain up-to-date data on the prevalence of atopic dermatitis among children. It was validated by specialist diagnosis in 320 children, providing a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 97%. This questionnaire was used for all school entrants in 1990 in the Hanover District. A total of 4,916 children were examined and the questionnaire satisfactorily completed by a relative or guardian (usually the mother) of 4,651. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 11.8%, ranging from 8.4% to 17.3% among the 20 constituent communities. The regional differences were smaller than the scatter of diagnostic classifications by the school doctors and the reports of a positive history by the parents. The results demonstrate the validity of a systematic enquiry employing relevant diagnostic and anamnestic items.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of complex indices of environmental air pollution for sanitary ranging of the territory of the South Administrative District of Moscow].

Whether complex indices of ambient air pollution can be used for sanitary ranging of primary facilities of the district was studied. The indices were calculated by using single air samples. The impact of "zero samples" on the results of calculation of the significance of differences in the single concentrations of individual chemical air pollutants was examined. The average annual concentrations of pollutants were calculated on the basis of average daily maximum allowable concentrations and the a-coefficient recommended by M. A. Pinigin. The database contains 20,000 definitions of the most hazardous chemical pollutants in the ambient air. Significant and insignificant values of chemical pollutants in single ambient air samples may be used in calculating complex indices as the rate of result coincidence was 80%, the suitability of insignificant values for ranging was confirmed in 81.25% of cases.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed2003

The use of family planning methods in an administrative district of Istanbul.

In Turkey, the first population and family planning law was accepted by the government in 1965, and this law was revised in 1982. This study was carried out to evaluate the family planning methods of women who applied to rural health centers of Küçükçekmece and were willing to use the health-care service and consultancy about birth control methods. The data of the study were gathered by means of an appropriate inquiry form and face-to-face interview with the women willing to use the family planning service between September 1998 and June 1999 at the health-care centers of Küçükçekmece of Istanbul. There were 699 women participants in the study. The last pregnancy of 27.2% (n = 175) of the women had been undesired; 86.8% of all the women who participated in the study declared that they did not desire any more children, but only 81.3% (n = 568) out of these were using a method to protect from pregnancy. The most frequently known (84.8%) and used (45.9%) method of the participants was an intrauterine device (IUD), and 80.8% of the women using an IUD wanted to continue using that method. A total of 223 women (39.3%) using any method protecting from pregnancy became pregnant. Approximately half (57.8%) of those occurred during the use of withdrawal. According to the findings of this study, the level of knowledge about family planning and the consequent behavior of the women within the fertile age group are better than the average of Turkey, but still not satisfactory.

Adult↗