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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Relationship-specific social psychological adaptations.

Mainstream social psychology has sought parsimonious explanations of broad general applicability, and has in practice focused on stranger interactions. An evolutionary perspective; however, justifies predicting a rich diversity of relationship-specific social psychological adaptations. The demands of motherhood, fatherhood, mateship, sibship and other relationships are qualitatively distinct, and so, it appears, are the psychophysiological mechanisms that have evolved to deal with them. One window on what distinguishes social relationships is provided by the substance and epidemiology of interpersonal conflicts. Homicides exhibit victim-killer relationship-specific patterns in context, motive and demography, which we discovered only because we adopted an evolutionary psychological perspective. We offer a number of specific hypotheses about possible human psychological adaptations that have yet to be assessed, but are readily derived from consideration of the particular qualities of specific relationship types.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of the characteristics of maternal psychological adaptation on the outcome of labor].

The authors analyze the effect of psychologic adaptation of 108 pregnant women to the clinical course of their labor. Psychologic adaptation of pregnant women was assessed by the method of comprehensive personality analysis (the adapted variant of the Minnesota personality questionnaire). Two groups of women were distinguished: Group 1, 30 women (27.7%) with effective psychologic adaptation and Group 2, 78 women (72.3%) with disordered psychologic adaptation abilities. Disco-ordination of the uterine contractions (primary and secondary uterine inertia, early rupture of amniotic membranes, abnormal preliminary period), fetal and neonatal hypoxia, injuries to the soft tissues of the birth routes were more often observed in Group 2 women than in Group 1.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1980

Psychological adaptation of the older homosexual male.

Social, psychological, and demographic characteristics of older homosexual males were examined through analysis of the questionnaire responses of 112 homosexual men 40 years of age or older. Few of the negative stereotypes that usually characterize descriptions of this group were supported. Most respondents were well adjusted and satisfied with their lives. Variables relating to good psychological adaptation included integration into the gay community, commitment to homosexuality, a low concern with concealment of sexual preference, a current exclusive relationship, and a satisfactory sex life. There was some evidence to indicate that age is positively related to several aspects of psychological adaptation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Adolescents with Turkish background in Norway and Sweden: a comparative study of their psychological adaptation.

Using a questionnaire survey, this study compared psychological adaptation (self-esteem, life satisfaction, and mental health problems) of Turkish adolescents in Norway and Sweden, and examined to what extent ethnic and majority identities, acculturation strategies, and perceived discrimination accounted for adaptation among Turkish adolescents. The samples consisted of 407 Turks (111 in Norway and 296 in Sweden) with a mean age of 15.2 years and 433 host adolescents (207 in Norway, 226 in Sweden) with a mean age of 15.6 years. Turks in Norway reported poorer psychological adaptation than Turks in Sweden. Predictors of good adaptation were Turkish identity and integration, whereas poor adaptation was related to marginalization and perceived discrimination. The results indicated that the poorer adaptation of Turks in Norway compared to that of Turks in Sweden could be due to lower degree of Turkish identity and higher degree of perceived discrimination.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2003

Intergenerational value discrepancies in immigrant and host-national families and their impact on psychological adaptation.

This study investigated the relationship between intergenerational value discrepancies and psychological adaptation among adolescents with immigrant background (mean age=15.5 years) in Norway and Sweden. Results from two cohorts (parents and their children) of immigrant and host-national families in the two countries (n=574) indicated that immigrant adolescents on the whole neither differed from their host peers with respect to psychological adaptation nor on value discrepancies. Value discrepancies were weakly related to psychological adaptation. Results are discussed as to whether the findings may reflect a general phenomenon for all adolescents or specific to those with immigrant background.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Design and psychometric evaluation of the Psychological Adaptation to Genetic Information Scale.

PURPOSE: To develop and psychometrically evaluate the Psychological Adaptation to Genetic Information Scale (PAGIS). DESIGN: A cross-sectional, Web-based survey of participants (n=323) recruited via Internet electronic mailing lists or Websites for people affected by genetic diseases. METHODS: Item analysis, confirmatory principal components analysis, and internal consistency reliability using Cronbach's alpha were used to construct the 26-item PAGIS. FINDINGS: Five factors (nonintrusiveness, support, self-worth, certainty, and self-efficacy) explained 57.7% of the variance in psychological adaptation to genetic information. The internal consistency reliability of the total PAGIS was .90, and the subscale reliabilities ranged from .77 to .87. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological adaptation to genetic information is a multidimensional phenomenon comprised of nonintrusiveness, support, self-worth, certainty, and self-efficacy. The PAGIS has initial reliability and validity for use in future research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

Psychological adaptation to jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity.

Psychological adaptation to jejunoileal bypass procedures in 34 morbidly obese patients was evaluated preoperatively and followed postoperatively for an average of 23 months. Preoperative emotional disturbances were mainly those of mild personality disorders with passive-aggressive, passive-dependent, and emotionally immature traits. Following discharge from the hospital, nine patients (or 24 per cent) developed psychiatric difficulties, characterized by either increased neurotic symptoms and interpersonal problems, or the emergence of psychosis. Male patients and those with the greatest weight loss were statistically more likely to have psychiatric complications. The remaining patients expressed satisfaction with the operation, noted relief from the burden of dieting, experienced less excitement associated with eating, and felt more self-confident and hopeful.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Relationship between disease and psychological adaptation in children in the Childhood Asthma Management Program and their families. CAMP Research Group.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypotheses that the burden of childhood asthma compromises psychological adaptation and that the degree of compromise increases with disease severity. DESIGN: The Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) is a multicenter randomized clinical trial initiated and funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. SETTING: Study sites were located in Albuquerque, NM, Baltimore, Md, Boston, Mass, Denver, Colo, St Louis, Mo, San Diego, Calif, Seattle, Wash, and Toronto, Ontario. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,041 children aged 5 to 12 years were randomized to the trial after confirming their mild to moderate asthma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychological questionnaires administered at baseline to parents and participants assessed anxiety, depression, behavioral competence, social support, and family functioning. RESULTS: Psychological difficulty was not increased in this group of asthmatic children and their families. Psychological adaptation in the children was associated with the psychological adaptation of the family but not with disease-related variables. Scores from the Impact on Family Scale, a measure of family quality of life related to the child's illness, were associated more strongly with the overall psychological characteristics of the family and child and very little with disease characteristics or severity. CONCLUSIONS: Mild to moderate asthma has imposed modest effects on the daily life but not the psychological health of this group of children. Variation in the psychological characteristics of these children was, as is the case for most children, traceable to the overall psychological adaptation of their families.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Psychological adaptation in children with idiopathic short stature treated with growth hormone or placebo.

The influence of short stature on psychological adaptation in childhood and adolescence is controversial. GH is currently used to treat children with idiopathic short stature (ISS, also known as non-GH-deficient short stature). This study represents the first double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of GH on the psychological adaptation of children and adolescents with ISS, treated with GH until adult height was attained.Sixty-eight children (53 males, 15 females), 9-16 yr old, with marked ISS (measured height or predicted adult height -2.5 sd or less) received either GH 0.074 mg/kg or placebo sc three times per week until height velocity decreased to less than 1.5 cm/yr. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and children the Self-Perception Profile (SPP) and Silhouette Apperception Technique at baseline and annually thereafter. Baseline behavioral/emotional adjustment (CBCL) and self-concept (SPP) scores for children with ISS were within the normative range. The two study groups exhibited similar behavioral and self-concept profiles (CBCL) during the first 2 yr of the study. However, CBCL behavior problems (internalizing, externalizing, and total problems) appeared to decline, in yr 3 and 4, in the GH-treated group relative to the placebo-treated group. Group differences in CBCL competency domains and the SPP were not observed at any point during the study. Short stature among children with ISS enrolled in this long-term, placebo-controlled study was not associated with problems in psychological adaptation or self-concept with the psychological instruments employed. GH treatment was associated with a trend toward improvement in problem behaviors, as measured by questionnaires (CBCL) completed by study participants' parents. It remains to be determined whether GH treatment significantly impacts adaptation, psychosocial function, or quality of life in children with ISS.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Psychological adaptation to the polar environment.

Until the 1950's, psychological adaptation to the polar regions was expressed by survivors more in terms of their endurance and heroism after the event than by any studied preparation beforehand, a careful monitoring of performance in situ, the follow-up of subjects afterwards, and a scholarly comparison of data-based research finding. This paper covers some of the omissions, and presents the results of a few studies that should be of value to the variety of people who for quite different periods and purposes visit polar regions. Because of the author's own background in Antarctic research it draws upon material collected in Antarctica, but it also includes empirical studies made by behavioural scientists in the Arctic. Its aim is to encourage potential venturers to the polar areas to prepare themselves mentally as well as physically and logistically for the task ahead of them, whether it be for the long winter night at base or for the long summer day in the field. It concludes with a plea for all the venturers to accept an obligation to provide research data on themselves. The outcome, if done systematically, could be of value both for future participants and for behavioural scientists, because in the past human factors in exploration have been given little attention.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Electronic diary assessment of pain, disability and psychological adaptation in patients differing in duration of pain.

Computerized diary measurement of pain, disability and psychological adaptation was performed four times a day for 4 weeks in 80 patients with various duration of unexplained pain. Reported are (1) the temporal characteristics and stability of pain report during the 4-week measurement period, (2) the association between pain duration and pain report, disability and general psychopathology, and (3) the accordance between diary assessment versus questionnaire assessment of pain, disability and psychological adaptation. No evidence of instrument reactivity was found: pain report was stable across the 4-week period. However, pain report appeared to be highly variable both between and within days. About half the patients showed a clear increasing trend in pain during the day. Several differences were found between subgroups of patients varying in pain duration. Patients with less than 6 months of pain reported significantly less pain intensity, disability and fatigue than patients whose pain persisted for more than 6 months. Pain coping and responses to pain behaviors by the spouse also differed for the subgroups: longer pain duration was associated with increased catastrophizing and solicitous responses from the spouse. Comparison of scores obtained with diary versus questionnaire assessment indicated moderate correlations for most variables. Retrospective (questionnaire) assessment of pain intensity yielded significantly higher pain scores than diary assessment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

A longitudinal analysis of psychological adaptation among survivors of cancer.

This longitudinal study examined the psychological adaptation of newly diagnosed cancer patients. Findings showed a decline in patient's mental health status over time. Initial psychological status and other psychosocial factors, and not illness-related factors, were predictive of subsequent adaptation. Two psychologically vulnerable patient groups were identified: those who remained distressed over time and those whose mental health status declined over time.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Psychologic adaptation of survivors of childhood cancer.

When adult survivors of childhood cancer were compared with their peers, survivors were found to be at least as well adjusted. Indeed, some evidence was suggestive of survivors having adaptive advantages in everyday life. The survivors reported significantly more positive affect, less negative affect, higher intimacy motivation, more perceived personal control, and greater satisfaction with control in life situations. Despite these apparent strengths associated with surviving childhood cancer, several specific problems were documented. Survivors were more likely than peers to have repeated school grades, to be worried about issues of fertility, and to express dissatisfaction with important relationships. The latter finding was interpreted as reflecting the high expectations of survivors for relationships, based on their difficult yet interpersonally rewarding experiences during times of illness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

Language as a psychological adaptation.

Language is the remarkable faculty by which humans convey thoughts to one another by means of a highly structured signal. Language works by two principles: a dictionary of memorized symbols, that is, words, and a set of generative rules organized into several subsystems, that is, grammar. The machinery of language appears to have been designed to encode and decode propositional information for the purpose of sharing it with others. Language is universally complex and develops reliably throughout the species, partly independently of general intelligence. I suggest that language is an adaptation for sharing information. It fits with many other features of our zoologically distinctive 'informavore' niche, in which people acquire, share and apply knowledge of how the world works to outsmart plants, animals and each other.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Quality of life and psychological adaptation in siblings of paediatric cancer patients, 2 years after diagnosis.

UNLABELLED: Several studies have been conducted on sibling psychosocial adaptation to cancer in a brother or sister, but little is known on how the long-term adaptation of siblings to the illness develops. The concept quality of life has primarily been applied in research on the effects of chronic illness on the affected patient, but has not yet been studied in siblings. AIMS: To investigate the prevalence of self-reported psychosocial problems in siblings of pediatric cancer patients, 2 years after the onset of the illness. MEASUREMENTS: Two Dutch quality of life questionnaires, the TACQOL and the DUCATQOL are used, as well as generic non-health-related measures of emotional and behaviour problems (CBCL-YSR) and anxiety (STAI-C). PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 103 siblings aged 7-18 years old. Fifty seven Siblings participated in a prospective and 46 in a retrospective study group. RESULTS: Siblings aged 7-11 report lower overall quality of life than children in the norm group. No differences in mean scores were found on any of the other domains that were investigated. When the prevalence of problems was investigated, however, relatively more siblings compared to normative data had scores in the impaired group based on the 20th percentile norm. A relatively high number of siblings aged 7-11 reported impaired emotional (42%), social (34%) and total quality of life (47%) (DUCATQOL) and physical problems (26%) (TACQOL). Relatively many adolescent siblings (26%) reported significant internalising problems on the CBCL-YSR. CONCLUSIONS: Although acute emotional distress reactions seem to have normalised in most siblings as has been suggested in the literature, emotional distress of having a brother or sister with cancer may continue beyond diagnosis for a subgroup of children. Young siblings seem to be affected in their quality of life, whereas a subgroup of adolescent siblings experience clinically relevant internalising problems. The results support the use of quality of life measures for siblings. Predictors of long-term adaptation in siblings need to be investigated.

Adaptation, Psychological↗