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Results for “Aconitic Acid”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effect of tricarballylic acid, a nonmetabolizable rumen fermentation product of trans-aconitic acid, on Mg, Ca and Zn utilization of rats.

trans-Aconitic acid has been implicated in magnesium deficiency of ruminants since the 1960s, but recent experiments indicated that much of it can be converted by rumen bacteria to tricarballylic acid (TCBA). Rats were used as experimental models in the studies described here because analogous experiments in ruminants would have been very expensive. When TCBA was fed to young male Sprague-Dawley rats as 2% of an AIN-76A diet with marginal (200 mg/kg) or adequate (500 mg/kg) Mg, virtually all of the dietary acid was recovered in the urine. Mg and Ca absorptions were unaffected by TCBA but urinary losses of Mg, Ca and Zn were higher than in pair-fed controls. TCBA was highly correlated (r = 0.93) with titratable acid excretion, and Mg, Ca and Zn retentions were reduced by 90, 35 and 56%, respectively. Rats fed 2% citric acid, a structurally similar but metabolizable acid, excreted more Zn than controls but did not excrete excess Mg or Ca. Since TCBA led to a depletion of Mg and other cations, it could be a contributing factor in the etiology of the Mg deficiency known as grass tetany in ruminants. Additional work in ruminants now seems warranted.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Fluorometric determination of carbodiimides with trans-aconitic acid.

A new fluorometric method for the determination of carbodiimides with trans-aconitic acid as a reagent has been developed. With the present method, as little as 50 pmol of carbodiimides can be determined. The relative standard deviations obtained with 25 nmol of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide HCl (EDC) were 1.35, 1.41, and 2.72% (n = 10), respectively.

Acetates↗
PubMed1976

Effect of acetic and trans-aconitic acids on citric acid production by Aspergillus niger.

The effect of acetic and trans-aconitic acids on citric acid production by A. niger at different pH values was studied. The presence of acetic acid at pH 2 prevented spore germination, while it decreased the fungal growth and citric acid production at other pH values. In the presence of trans-aconitic acid the inhibition was less marked at lower than at higher pH values.

Acetates↗
PubMed2006

High-speed counter-current chromatography for the study of defense metabolites in wheat. Characterization of 5,6-O-methyl trans-aconitic acid.

High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) methods were developed for the study of induced defense metabolites in wheat (Triticum aestivum) against powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). A single HSCCC purification step afforded extraction of mg-quantities of an induced compound with antifungal activity. Subsequent LC-MS and NMR analyses have led to the characterization of 5,6-O-methyl trans-aconitic acid, the first such report of this compound in a plant species. The inducible nature of aconitic acid was evidenced by comparing the metabolite profiles of leaf extracts from plants treated or not with soluble silicon and infected or not with powdery mildew. In a second step, dual-mode HSCCC was used to enhance the separation of other forms of aconitic acid in wheat. Based on these results, it was concluded that 5,6-O-methyl trans-aconitic acid plays an important role as a defense molecule in wheat plants and that HSCCC is a powerful separation method for purifying such compounds from complex plant-pathogen interactions.

Aconitic Acid↗
PubMed2002

Purification and characterization of cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase from Aspergillus terreus TN484-M1.

cis-Aconitic acid decarboxylase (CAD) was assumed to be a key enzyme in the production of itaconic acid by comparing the activity of CAD from Aspergillus terreus TN484-M1 with that of CAD from the low-itaconate yielding strain Aspergillus terreus CM85J. The constitutive CAD was purified to homogeneity from A. terreus TN484-M1 by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and column chromatography on DEAE-toyopearl, Butyl-toyopearl, and Sephacryl S200HR, and then characterized. A molecular mass of 55 kDa for the native enzyme was determined by SDS-PAGE. The enzymic activity was optimal at a pH of 6.2 and temperature of 45 degrees C. The K(m) value for cis-aconitic acid was determined as 2.45 mM (pH 6.2, 37 degrees C). The enzyme was completely inactivated by Hg+, Cu2+, Zn2+, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoate).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Detection and molecular analysis of plant- and insect-associated bacteria harboring aconitate isomerase involved in biosynthesis of trans-aconitic acid as antifeedant in brown planthoppers.

The activity of aconitate isomerase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of trans-aconitic acid as antifeedant in brown planthoppers, was detected in Pseudomonas fluorescens LRB3W1 and Pseudomonas putida MAFF301685 but not in Pseudomonas putida MAFF301684. The enzyme activity was induced in the presence of trans-aconitate, and therefore bacteria showing the enzyme activity were easily detected by their ability to grow on the minimal medium containing trans-aconitate as the sole carbon source (ACO agar medium). Experiments on growth of plant- or insect-associated bacteria on ACO agar medium showed that most of the Gram-negative bacteria displayed the aconitate isomerase activity unlike most of the Gram-positive bacteria isolated mainly from insects. Mini-Tn5 transposon derivatives of P. fluorescens LRB3W1 lacking completely or partially their ability to grow on ACO agar medium were obtained. Southern blot analysis with a mini-Tn5 DNA probe definitely showed that the genes responsible for the biosynthesis of aconitate isomerase present on chromosomal DNA. Thus, it was suggested that genes for aconitate isomerase biosynthesis are commonly present in Gram-negative plant- or insect-associated bacteria, and also the DNA fragments including the genes were detected in P. fluorescens LRB3W1.

Aconitic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Metabolism of trans-Aconitic Acid in Maize : II. Regulatory Properties of Two Compartmented Forms of Citrate Dehydrase.

Kinetics of two molecular forms of K-dependent citrate dehydrase in maize (Zea mays L.) are reported. The isozymes, designated CD I and CD II, were found to be compartmented in mitochondria and cytosol, respectively.CD I exhibited hyperbolic kinetics with respect to both citrate and potassium with K(m) 2.3 and 12 millimolar, respectively. Maximum velocity was 0.38 micromole of trans-aconitic acid per minute per milligram protein. The pH optimum was 7.2. trans-aconitic synthesis by CD I is regulated by both citrate concentration and pH.CD II exhibited hyperbolic kinetics with respect to citrate (K(m) 0.6 millimolar) but sigmoidal kinetics with respect to potassium. trans-aconitic acid synthesis by CD II is regulated by potassium. This may account for the positive correlation between leaf potassium and trans-aconitic acid in certain grasses (Clark 1968 Crop Sci 8: 165).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Allelopathic effects of aconitic acid on wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) and morningglory (Ipomoea grandifolia).

High infestations of alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea) in experimental area have reduced seedbank of some weed species in soil at a greater degree compared to those obtained with the use of an efficient herbicide. Aconitic acid (AA) has been identified in those plants in high concentration. Thus, two experiments were carried out in the laboratory to determine the effects of pure AA on weed seed germination and on endophytic fungi in wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) and morningglory (Ipomoea grandifolia) weed species. Doses of AA (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mM) were introduced in agar-water 0.5% medium and weed seeds treated with and without external sterilization by sodium hypochloride. Four replications of fifty seeds of each species by treatment were sown in plastic boxes with cover and maintained in germination chamber for 12 days. Reduction in germination rate, root and stem growth were observed in both species, as well as reduction in root number in morningglory were also observed at 2.0 mM concentration of AA. An increase in number of seeds with presence of endophytic fungi was also observed in both species, independently of seed sterilization, mainly of a green type fungi coloration in wild poinsettia. Aconitic acid presents allelopathic activity and can stimulate endophytic fungi species growth in weed seeds.

Aconitic Acid↗
PubMed1993

Experimental visceral leishmaniasis: role of trans-aconitic acid in combined chemotherapy.

We previously reported the effectiveness of trans-aconitic acid (TAA) as an antileishmanial compound. Inhibitory effects of TAA along with other antileishmanial compounds on transformation and in vitro multiplication in macrophage cultures of Leishmania donovani have been assessed. The efficacy of TAA in combined chemotherapy of experimental visceral leishmaniasis has also been evaluated along with those of commonly used antileishmanial compounds such as sodium stibogluconate, pentamidine, and allopurinol. TAA (2 mM) inhibited transformation of L. donovani amastigotes to promastigotes by 95.2%, whereas in combination with pentamidine (5 micrograms/ml), allopurinol (10 micrograms/ml), and sodium stibogluconate (50 micrograms of Sb per ml), it inhibited transformation by about 100, 99, and 98.5%, respectively. Sodium stibogluconate (20 micrograms of Sb per ml), pentamidine (2 micrograms/ml), and allopurinol (5 micrograms/ml) suppressed the amastigote burden in peritoneal macrophage cultures from BALB/c mice by 32.6, 56.1, and 46.3%, respectively. When these three drugs were used along with TAA (5 mM), the parasite loads were reduced by 100, 100, and 88.1%, respectively. TAA (5 mM) alone suppressed the amastigote burden by 59.5%. In experimental visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters (1-month model), TAA at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight per day suppressed the spleen parasite load by 73.5%, and TAA in combination with sodium stibogluconate (50 mg of Sb per kg per day), pentamidine (8 mg/kg/day), and allopurinol (15 mg/kg/day) inhibited the spleen parasite load by 98, 98.9, and 97%, respectively. Individually, these three drugs inhibited the parasite load by 35, 20, and 22%, respectively. TAA (400 mg/kg/day) inhibited the spleen parasite load by 99.8%, but an inhibitory effect of approximately 100% was noted when TAA was supplemented with an antileishmanial drug. TAA was administered in experimental animals through oral, intraperitoneal, and intramuscular routes; the intramuscular route was most effective.

Aconitic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mutagenic investigation of flavourings: dimethyl succinate, ethyl pyruvate and aconitic acid are negative in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test.

Three flavourings: dimethyl succinate, ethyl pyruvate and aconitic acid, commonly used in candy, beverages, and baked goods, were tested in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test. Tester strains were TA 1535, TA 100, TA 1537 and TA 98 and doses were 32, 160, 800, 4000 and 20 000 micrograms per plate. All tests were performed with and without the S9 fraction from Aroclor induced rat liver. None of the flavourings showed mutagenic potential. These results support the classification made by the Council of Europe, List I (1981).

Aconitic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of liposomal form of phenylimide of cis-aconitic acid in herpes therapy].

The results of study of the antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of phenylimide of cis-aconitic acid (PCAA) is presented. The 20% increase of the antiviral activity of PCAA incorporated into liposomes in comparison with the antiviral activity of the pure substance was shown. Liposomes with PCAA were tropic to lymphocytes and macrophages with maximum fluorescence being observed in the spleen, while empty liposomes were accumulated mainly in the liver. After the treatment with liposomal PCAA the symptoms of herpetic meningoencephalitis became less severe with 100% survival of the experimental animals. In the control group of rabbits 50% of the animals died, and in the surviving animals blindness or paralysis developed.

Aconitic Acid↗