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PubMed1952

ACCIDENT proneness.

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Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1991

Accident proneness and illness proneness: a review.

Accident proneness may be an episodic or a lifelong disability. It is suggested that many of the chronically accident prone individuals are the same as those prone to recurrent organic illnesses, that is they suffer from a congenital 'diathesis'.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1997

Development of a short test for accident proneness.

In developing the Accident Proneness Prediction Test to measure motor control skills related to safety aptitudes subjects were instructed to draw on a sheet of paper as many circles as possible within a limited amount of time. The responses were scored in terms of the speed and quality (irregularities) of the produced circles. Although 103 accident-prone drivers produced more circles than the 178 good drivers, the quality of performance of the accident-prone drivers was poorer than that of the good drivers. Based on this validity study, we proposed these predictive criteria for further testing of accident proneness.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed2000

Simulation study on the effectiveness of accident proneness test in drivers.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of accident proneness test in drivers. METHODS: Accident proneness test results in 100000 drivers were simulated by function of RANNOR using SAS statistical software, their accident records were simulated by function of UNIFORM according to 3 alternatives, the accident rate of qualified drivers was 0.01, and the accident rate of unqualified drivers was 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. RESULTS: It was found that there was no effectiveness of accident proneness test if the accident rate of unqualified drivers was equal to that of the qualified ones, if the accident rate of the unqualified drivers was really higher than that of the qualified ones, the test could identify a certain proportion of high risk drivers. CONCLUSIONS: Accident proneness test may be effective to some extent, it is advisable to carry out further prospective study or pilot work so as to practically prove the effectiveness of the test.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Accident proneness, does it exist? A review and meta-analysis.

Accident related health problems have been suggested to cluster within persons. This phenomenon became known as accident proneness and has been a subject of many discussions. This study provides an overview of accident proneness. Therefore, 79 articles with empirical data on accident rates were identified from databases Embase, Medline, and Psychinfo. First, definitions of accidents varied highly, but most studies focused on accidents resulting in injuries requiring medical attention. Second, operationalisations of accident proneness varied highly. Studies categorised individuals into groups with ascending accident rates or made non-accident, accident, and repetitive accident groups. Third, studies examined accidents in specific contexts (traffic, work, and sports) or populations (children, students, and patients). Therefore, we concluded that no overall prevalence rate of accident proneness could be given due to the large variety in operationalisations. However, a meta-analysis of the distribution of accidents in the general population showed that the observed number of individuals with repeated accidents was higher than the number expected by chance. In conclusion, accident proneness exists, but its study is severely hampered by the variation in operationalisations of the concept. In an effort to reach professional consensus on the concept, we end this paper with recommendations for further research.

Accidents↗
PubMed1950

Accident proneness.

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Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1981

Accident proneness: science or non-science?

The "accident proneness" thesis has been with us since the early 1900s. The early statistical studies that reputedly provided the scientific basis for this notion are examined and found to be lacking due to methodological errors and a fragmented view of industrial life. Accident proneness, as originally envisioned, has no empirical foundations. It has, however, become part of the tactical armanentarium used in "blaming the victim" for industrial accidents. It focuses on the personal characteristics of workers in relation to accident causation, while de-emphasizing the role of dangerous work environments. In this respect, it has acted as a barrier in the development of preventive occupational health and safety principles and practices. The notion has endured not only because it is tactically advantageous, but also because many members of the professions that deal with workplace accidents have accepted it without reservation and lent it credence. For the purposes of industrial accident prevention, however, it would be more appropriate to discard this notion in favor of a more integrated and broader understanding of the nature of the interaction between workers and their socio-technical work environment.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1986

Relationship between childhood hyperactivity and accident proneness.

Previous research suggested that hyperactive children are especially susceptible to accidents. Two questions remain: is the relationship peculiar to hyperactivity in childhood or for behaviorally disturbed children in general and does the relationship hold for females as well as for males? To answer these questions 189 patients at a child psychiatric clinic were rated on a scale which included measures of hyperactivity and accident proneness. The hyperactive patients were more likely to be described as accident prone than nonhyperactive patients. The relationship between childhood hyperactivity and accident proneness is confirmed and is specific. The relationship holds for both boys and girls.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1987

Accident proneness and how to prevent it.

Accidents are unplanned, unexpected events usually producing injury or property damage. They occur when there is a disequilibrium between environmental hazards, exposure to hazards, and vulnerability to hazards. Vulnerability involves the condition of both physical and psychologic faculties. Repeating accidents occur when one or more of these three general components is increased significantly. This condition is referred to as "accident proneness," especially when vulnerability and/or exposure are significantly affected by psychologic predisposition. Prevention involves holistic assessment of the total situation, detecting the area or areas contributing to accident liability, and either devising methods for restoration of equilibrium or referring the patient to appropriate ancillary professionals who can bring about changes that will shift the balance away from accident production.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1991

Psychological performance of accident-prone automobile drivers in China: a case-control study.

To evaluate the role of neurobehavioural factors in the aetiology of recurrent automobile accidents, we administered the Revised Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and choice and simple reaction time tests to 31 accident-prone automobile drivers. These drivers who had caused three or more traffic accidents during the years 1980-1984, were selected from records of 2723 traffic accidents registered by Hefei Traffic Police Department during the years 1980-1984. The same tests were administered to an equal number of sex- and age-matched control drivers who had no reported involvement in automobile accidents. None of the subjects had suffered from any neuropsychiatric illness or head injury. Comparisons between the two groups indicated that for accident-prone drivers scores on picture completion and block design subtests of the WAIS-R were significantly lowered (p less than 0.05); scores for neurosis extrovert behaviour and psychosis (EPQ) were significantly higher (p less than 0.05); and the number of errors in the choice reaction time test was significantly higher (p less than 0.01). It is suggested that accident-prone drivers have lower psychological performance, poorer judgement and a higher tendency than safe drivers to be neurotic, extrovert and psychotic.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accident-prone norms: implications for clinical laboratories. A methods for examining groups norms and interaction networks.

Employee accidents are a costly problem for clinical laboratories. Consequently, investigation and prevention of accidents are integral parts of the clinical laboratory manager's job. There are a wide variety of traditional modes of accident research; however, they usually do not include investigations of work group norms and interaction networks. Group norms that contradict formal safety norms can arise in clinical laboratory work groups. These accident-prone norms often result in problematic procedures and activities. Examples of these accident-prone norms include: failure to use safety equipment, failure to follow safety procedures, alcohol or drug use on the job, failure to pass on information about equipment problems, and failure to report job-related accidents. These norms are frequently transmitted through interaction networks. Sociometric techniques can provide insights about the networks and can be used to develop solutions to accident-prone norms.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1991

Accident proneness.

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Accident Proneness↗