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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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PubMed1997

Information access in a dual-task context: testing a model of optimal strategy selection.

Pilots were required to access information from a hierarchical aviation database by navigating under single-task conditions (Experiment 1) and when this task was time-shared with an altitude-monitoring task of varying bandwidth and priority (Experiment 2). In dual-task conditions, pilots had 2 viewports available, 1 always used for the information task and the other to be allocated to either task. Dual-task strategy, inferred from the decision of which task to allocate to the 2nd viewport, revealed that allocation was generally biased in favor of the monitoring task and was only partly sensitive to the difficulty of the 2 tasks and their relative priorities. Some dominant sources of navigational difficulties failed to adaptively influence selection strategy. The implications of the results are to provide tools for jumping to the top of the database, to provide 2 viewports into the common database, and to provide training as to the optimum viewport management strategy in a multitask environment.

Aerospace Medicine↗

PubMed2002

Barriers to information access, perceived health competence, and psychosocial health outcomes: test of a mediation model in a breast cancer sample.

This study examined the relationship between breast cancer patients' experience of barriers to accessing health information and their psychosocial health outcomes and explored the extent to which this relationship was mediated by patient perceptions of competence in dealing with health-related issues. Study sample consisted of 225 women surveyed within 6 months of diagnosis. Regression analyses suggested that patients who reported greater difficulty in accessing needed information experienced lower emotional (P=0.05), functional (P<0.05), and social/family (P<0.05) well-being as well as lower perceptions of health competence (P<0.001). Also, patient perceptions of health competence mediated the relationship between barriers to accessing information and patient outcomes (emotional well-being, P<0.05; functional well-being. P<0.01; social/family well-being, P=0.01). Breast cancer patients often report dissatisfaction with the extent to which their information needs are addressed by their health care providers. Our findings underscore the need for designing and implementing interventions that would aid providers in better meeting the information needs of their patients.

Access to Information↗

PubMed2003

Knowledge representation in digital medical documents for efficient information access and retrieval.

Information access and retrieval are essential to serve the delivery and application of evidence-based medicine. The literature provides evidence for the effectiveness of computerization of medical knowledge for increasing compliance with current standards and improving patient outcomes. But all efforts in implementing knowledge-based functions remain limited in respect of either the prolonged exposure to live clinical use, the complexity of knowledge content supported, the dependencies on a technology platform and host system, or the proof of use and content sharing across multiple and varying environments. We have to face currently an information overload, especially in medicine. As a result, efficient ways of implementation of evidence-based care become more and more important. Most of the medical knowledge contained in textbooks, guidelines, journals as well as online resources is text-based. In order to present problem-specific information at the point of care the outlined concept relies on a document-based solution with the eXtensible Markup Language (XML). The adoption of XML as a standard for the publication and interchange of documents creates a great opportunity for better information retrieval. On the basis of structured data we are able to improve the search quality for clinical information which forms a crucial pre-requisite for the implementation of evidence-based care.

Diffusion of Innovation↗

PubMed2004

Information access at the point of care: what can we learn for designing a mobile CPR system?

OBJECTIVES: Hospitals have started to migrate their paper-based records to computerized patient records (CPR). The majority of today's CPR systems are stationary, which means that physicians use a clinical workstation to access CPR information. But health care professionals need to request and enter information at different locations, for example, on their daily ward round. This suggests the use of mobile computers, enabling an ubiquitous access to needed data. Different studies show that health care professionals are reluctant to use poorly designed mobile CPR systems, as the work at the point of care is very time-pressured and hectic. To design a system with high acceptance, it is essential to obtain empirical insight into the work practices and context in which the mobile CPR system will be used. METHOD: We investigated the physicians' work with the patient record during their daily round. With the help of a compact notation method, the physicians' interaction with the information system was recorded in real time. Fourteen physicians from three different departments (internal medicine, surgery, and geriatrics) of a middle-sized Swiss hospital participated in our study. RESULTS: Physicians have clear access preferences when they interact with the patient record during their daily round. There exists a clear profile of access frequencies and patterns, respectively. As an example, approximately 50% of all patient record accesses concern information about medications, vital signs and lab test results. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: A CPR system which is designed to reflect the access frequencies and patterns should improve the efficiency of data entry and retrieval and thus result in a system with high acceptance among physicians in the demanding environment during hospital rounds.

Access to Information↗

PubMed1989

Mead Data Central's MEDIS: medical information access in full-text.

Electronic information access is an imperative skill for the modern health professional. Mead Data Central's MEDIS overcomes the limitations of "abstract-only" information networks and provides rapid access to a large collection of full-text medical information. With its proprietary communications software, Mead can display citations in a paged format with on-screen highlighting (in "reverse video") of search terms as they appear in documents. Users can move through the electronic pages as easily as they would thumb through a journal or book. A practice section on MEDIS is billed only for connect charges for using, and a unique on-line tutorial, which, while not specific for MEDIS, introduces users to searching the Mead system. Training is available to subscribers in several major cities and training software is available. MEDIS is a unique resource to access medical literature in full-text quickly and efficiently.

Industry↗

PubMed2005

The influence of chronically and temporarily accessible information on life satisfaction judgments.

The authors examined the influence of temporarily and chronically accessible information on life satisfaction judgments. Meta-analyses revealed high retest-reliability of life satisfaction judgments and weak effects of the item order of domain and global satisfaction judgments. Study 1 (N=225) failed to replicate a widely cited finding of strong item-order effects. In Studies 2 (N=100), 3 (N=200), and 4 (N=222), chronically accessible information was a strong predictor of life satisfaction judgments, whereas item order had a relatively small effect. Study 5 (N=651) demonstrated that the results generalize to single item measures and judgments of shorter time periods. The results suggest that life satisfaction judgments are more heavily based on chronically accessible than temporarily accessible information.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Accessible information for people with complex communication needs.

Information can be empowering if it is accessible. While a number of known information access barriers have been reported for the broader group of people with disabilities, specific information issues for people with complex communication needs have not been previously reported. In this consumer-focused study, the accessibility of information design and dissemination practices were discussed by 17 people with complex communication needs; by eight parents, advocates, therapists, and agency representatives in focus groups; and by seven individuals in individual interviews. Participants explored issues and made recommendations for content, including language, visual and audio supports; print accessibility; physical access; and human support for information access. Consumer-generated accessibility guidelines were an outcome of this study.

Communication↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Rights to information access under the Data Protection Act.

A patient has a legal right to access personal information held by health professionals on the basis of statutory provisions, such as the Data Protection Act 1998 and the regulations made under that Act, the Access to Health Reports Act 1988 (which is considered in a later article), and also on the basis of the common law, i.e. judge made or case law. Neither legal rights, however, give the patient an absolute right, but are qualified.

Computer Security↗

PubMed2000

Electronic information access in support of clinical decision making: a comparative study of the impact on rural health care outcomes.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this project was to test whether physician access to electronic information resources in support of clinical decision making in a designated rural and medically underserved area would result in a comparable change in health care outcomes as demonstrated by access to mediated information services. METHOD: Current information habits were assessed; A tailored information intervention was provided; Use of resources against outcomes defined by previous studies was evaluated. FINDINGS: The information intervention had a significant impact on reduction of adverse events and physicians' decision patterns. CONCLUSION: Provision of information tools in support of clinical decision making at the point of care, and training in their use, can have as positive an impact on physician decision making and potential for reduction of adverse events in rural health care as access to mediated information services.

Clinical Medicine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A computer expert system prototype for mechanically ventilated neonates development and impact on clinical judgment and information access capability of nurses.

A computer expert system is an alternative method of training and providing real-time clinical decision support for nurses to advance their practices from a novice to a proficient level. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to develop a prototype of a computer expert system for mechanically ventilated neonates (ES-MVN) and (2) to assess the impact of the ES-MVN on the clinical judgment and information access capability of nurses. Five steps used in developing the prototype are described in this article. The ES-MVN is a multimedia interactive consultation-based program that contains 2 major parts: the nursing diagnosis and the knowledge base on nursing care of mechanically ventilated neonates. A rule-based (Boolean frame) was chosen for the nursing diagnosis decision model. The prototype was developed on the Web server and a combination of computer applications operated in a Microsoft Windows environment. A quasi-experimental, 1-group pretest-posttest design was used to measure the efficacy of the ES-MVN in 16 neonatal intensive care unit registered nurses. Case simulations were used to test the nurses' clinical judgment performance. The results showed a significant increase in the nurses' performance scores of diagnoses and managed care after using the ES-MVN (t[15] = 17.21, P = .0001). The nurses' scores for perceptions of their information access capability and clinical judgment ability after receiving the ES-MVN were significantly higher than before installing the ES-MVN in the neonatal intensive care unit (ts[15] = 6.91 and = 17.53, Ps = .0001, respectively). The findings suggest the usefulness of the computer expert system as an effective tool to support nurses' clinical judgment in critical care situations and to provide access to information at the practice site.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Information access and donated gametes: how much do we know about who wants to know?

This paper reviews the methodological adequacy of the psychosocial literature on information access when donated gametes and embryos are used. In all, 10 major flaws were identified: (i) sample sizes were too small, (ii) sample selection procedures were ad hoc, (iii) there were no comparisons between current and past donors and recipients, (iv) there were no comparisons between current donors and recipients in the one study, (v) studies relied on just one partner from a recipient couple, (vi) donor motivation was assessed crudely, (vii) studies failed to clarify what was identifying and non-identifying information, (viii) links between researchers and clinics may have influenced respondents, (ix) response measurement was crude, and (x) data analysis was limited and basic. It is argued that these flaws prohibit any firm conclusions to be drawn either way about whether donors and recipients should disclose information, whether they should have access to information, or even whether donors and recipients want to have access to information about each other or to have information about themselves disclosed to the other party.

Attitude↗

PubMed1997

Equalizing rural health professionals' information access: lessons from a follow-up outreach project.

A follow-up outreach project was undertaken to extend and reinforce the work of a National Library of Medicine-funded outreach project conducted in west central Illinois in 1991. The participants included five of the eight original sites as well as additional populations. An evolving partnership with the state's Center for Rural Health expanded the project's geographic area statewide. Evaluation showed benefits of varied training formats, reexposure to end-user searching, and the importance of "readiness." Follow-up training and longer trials for practice searching resulted in greater volume of search and document delivery activity. Varied training formats proved successful in reaching specific groups. Loansome Doc activity throughout the eighteen-month project suggested sustained use of Grateful Med beyond the two-month trial periods. The introduction of Grateful Med/Loansome Doc to unaffiliated health professionals is an important component in equalizing information access. Future information service initiatives are suggested to meet the challenge of building a rural information infrastructure and support system for health professionals.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1996

Promotion of health information access via Grateful Med and Loansome Doc: why isn't it working?

Information gathered from Grateful Med and Loansome Doc outreach projects, including one involving seven health centers in rural southwest Alabama, raises questions about the effectiveness of such programs. This paper presents a review of the literature on Grateful Med as well as of information access and usage behaviors of physicians, an overview of the Alabama project, and data from other projects. Analysis of the responses and observations of the researchers reveal some strategies for enhancing the outcomes of such projects and improving access to medical care literature by health care professionals at rural sites.

Alabama↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluating IAIMS at Yale: information access.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate use of information resources during the first year of IAIMS implementation at the Yale-New Haven Medical Center. The evaluation asked: (1) Which information resources are being used? (2) Who uses information resources? (3) Where are information resources used? (4) Are multiple sources of information being integrated? DESIGN: Measures included monthly usage data for resources delivered network-wide, in the Medical Library, and in the Hospital; online surveys of library workstation users; an annual survey of a random, stratified sample of Medical Center faculty, postdoctoral trainees, students, nurses, residents, and managerial and professional staff; and user comments. RESULTS: Eighty-three percent of the Medical Center community use networked information resources, and use of resources is increasing. Both status (faculty, student, nurse, etc.) and mission (teaching, research, patient care) affect use of individual resources. Eighty-eight percent of people use computers in more than one location, and increases in usage of traditional library resources such as MEDLINE are due to increased access from outside the Library. Both survey and usage data suggest that people are using multiple resources during the same information seeking session. CONCLUSIONS: Almost all of the Medical Center community is using networked information resources in more settings. It is necessary to support increased demand for information access from remote locations and to specific populations, such as nurses. People are integrating information from multiple sources, but true integration within information systems is just beginning. Other institutions are advised to incorporate pragmatic evaluation into their IAIMS activities and to share evaluation results with decision-makers.

Academic Medical Centers↗

PubMed1993

Measuring satisfaction with organizations. Predictions from information accessibility.

The study explored the process through which customers assess their satisfaction with service organizations. Our theoretical analysis suggests that when a general satisfaction question appears after questions about specific domains were asked (SG order), the earlier questions increase the accessibility of both positive and negative information. In contrast, when a general satisfaction question appears prior to any other question (GS order), negative information is more accessible than positive information. On the basis of these differences in accessibility we predicted (1) greater asymmetry in the impact of positive and negative information on the general satisfaction response in the GS order, (2) higher correspondence between domain-specific satisfaction and general satisfaction in the SG order, and (3) higher levels of general satisfaction in the SG order. These predictions were supported in analyses of customers' responses in a national survey of satisfaction with the Israel Telecommunication Corporation (Bezeq).

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed1995

Information visualization; assisting low spatial individuals with information access tasks through the use of visual mediators.

This study investigated the use of visual mediators to facilitate information access by low spatial individuals. Based on theories of adaptive learning and field-dependence, two human-computer interfaces were developed which were intended to compensate for the inability of low spatial individuals to readily construct visual mental models of a menu system's structure. The two compensatory interfaces included: a 2D visual hierarchy and a linear structure. The information search performance of high and low spatial individuals was compared on the two compensatory interfaces and a third challenge match interface, which challenged individuals to construct a mental model of a hierarchical menu system in order to perform efficiently. The visual mediators were successful in accommodating low spatial individuals, as indicated by the lack of any significant performance differences being detected between the high and low spatial groups on the two compensatory interfaces. High spatial individuals outperformed low spatial individuals only when information search tasks required the use of spatial ability in mentally constructing a model of the organization and structure of embedded task information. The key factor in the accommodation process was the elimination of the need to mentally visualize the structure of embedded task information. These results indicate that visualization techniques can be successfully used to enhance the information search performance of low spatial individuals.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Public environmental information: access or excess?

Amongst the mass of academic papers and policy reports it is easy to forget that scientists and regulators are not the only ones concerned about the environment. The public has an interest too. Aided by modern technology and increasing legal rights, the man in the street has access to environmental information as never before. In this article we review recent developments in public assess and what these mean for 'the experts'.

Benchmarking↗

PubMed2000

Information access for the new millennium: publishers and portals.

The rise in Internet access has a number of implications for surgeons, both in terms of their personal use of information and in the accessibility of surgical information to their hospitals and patients. This article outlines some of the opportunities offered by the development of new ways to access information, and suggests that the ability to use the new technologies is now becoming an essential clinical skill.

General Surgery↗