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Results for “Abortion, Induced--determinants”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Pregnancy outcome in Norway after Chernobyl.

Pregnancy outcome has been studied in terms of legal abortions, early spontaneous abortions and total number of pregnancies (in an ad hoc study covering 6 counties) as well as various perinatal health problems (on the basis of routinely recorded data for epidemiological surveillance from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway). Apparently, no effects were observed in terms of an increased occurrence of legal abortions, while spontaneous abortions increased from 7.2% of all pregnancies during the last 12 months before the accident to 8.3% after the accident [corrected]. At the same time, the total number of pregnancies somewhat decreased. Based on monthly measurements in each municipality of external and internal (food-based) doses, dose-response associations were assessed for a number of perinatal health problems. No associations were observed.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1980

The socio-economic determinants of recourse to legal abortion.

"This study of the determinants of legal abortion examines the interconnections between human reproduction and social organization. The hypothesis is that in the context of liberalized abortion laws, the incidence of abortion is determined by the socio-economic circumstances of women. A simple model of this relationship is tested using international data drawn from a sample of countries." The policy implications for welfare and birth control planning are considered, as well as the implications for feminist action.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1996

[Induced abortion in Greenland].

The purpose of the study was to seek knowledge about the reasons for the very high rate of legal abortions in Greenland. In four municipalities in the Disko Bay region of West Greenland all pregnant women were asked to fill in a questionnaire. Due to organisational problems only 39% of the women were asked to participate and a total of 82 women seeking abortion and 175 women who wished to continue the pregnancy were enrolled in the study. A few Danish women (22) were subsequently removed from the study base. The women who wanted an abortion were more often than the other women single, their knowledge of Danish as a second language was poorer, and they less often had a job. Although the age distributions of the two groups were similar the women who wanted an abortion had more often been pregnant before (more births and more abortions). The women who wanted an abortion more often than the other women reported having been drunk, having had a pelvic inflammation or VD, and having been admitted to hospital. Half of the women who wanted an abortion reported that they had forgotten to use their contraception and one fourth were opposed to the use of contraception. There seems not to be a well defined high risk group for legal abortion but a general need for a more realistic view on contraception.

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed1995

An economic analysis of pregnancy resolution in Virginia: specific as to race and residence.

This study analyses an economic model of pregnancy resolution; that is, a model of the choice by a pregnant woman to abort her fetus or carry it to term. This analysis, using an analytical model derived from the household utility framework, adds to previous research by presenting race- and residence-specific estimates of how individual characteristics, history of abortion, and the community-based factors determine women's choices of giving birth vs. aborting. The main data for estimating the model were drawn from the 1984 vital statistics of all induced abortions and live births in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The major findings indicate that low parental education, high maternal age, previous early abortions, and the availability of abortion providers all significantly reduce the probability of choosing the live birth option. Married status and the availability of family planning clinics significantly increase the probability of the live birth option. The findings also suggest that women's choices between abortion and live birth vary substantially with race (White vs. Black) and residential (urban vs. rural) location.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1991

Incidence of legal abortions and congenital abnormalities in Hungary.

The annual and monthly distributions of congenital abnormalities and pregnancy outcomes as confounding factors were evaluated in Hungary in reflection of the accident at the Chernobyl reactor. The different congenital abnormality entities and the components of fetal radiation syndrome did not show a higher rate after the Chernobyl accident in the data-set of the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry. Among confounding factors, the rate of induced abortions did not increase after the Chernobyl accident in Hungary. In the 9th month after the peak of public concern (May and June, 1986) the rate of livebirths decreased. Three indicator conditions: 15 sentinel anomalies as indicators of germinal dominant gene mutations, Down syndrome as an indicator of germinal numerical and structural chromosomal mutations, and unidentified multiple congenital abnormalities as indicators of germinal dominant gene and chromosomal mutations were selected from the material of the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry. Diagnoses were checked, familial and sporadic cases were separated and only the sporadic cases were evaluated. The analysis of indicator conditions did not reveal any measurable germinal mutagenic effect of the Chernobyl accident in Hungary.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1991

Pregnancy outcome in Finland after the Chernobyl accident.

The explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant caused radioactive fallout in Finland in April-May 1986. The fallout was unevenly distributed geographically, and, accordingly, the country was divided into 3 fallout zones. Whole-body radioactivity measurements of randomly chosen persons showed that the regional differences prevailed throughout the following 2 years. Data for legal abortions, registered congenital malformations as well as preterm births and stillbirths of malformed children were collected. The corresponding expected figures were obtained from statistics from 1984 and 1985. No differences in the expected/observed rates of the above parameters were detected.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1998

Determinants of abortion among women admitted to hospitals in Fortaleza, North Eastern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Maternal mortality from complications of unsafe abortion constitutes a serious problem in several developing countries. There is, however, a paucity of well-designed and implemented studies in this area, especially in Latin America. The aim of this paper is to present the findings on the determinants and medical characteristics of abortions among women admitted to hospitals. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out between October 1992 and September 1993 in Fortaleza, Brazil. A Cox's proportional hazard model was used to estimate prevalence rate ratios after adjustment for confounding. RESULTS: Among 2074 (48%) women who admitted to terminating the pregnancy, 66% reported using misoprostol to induce abortion. Women with an induced abortion as compared with those with an unlikely induced abortion are younger, more often not married, have fewer children alive and experienced one or more previous induced abortions. We have not found any important differences with regard to complication or duration of stay in hospital. CONCLUSIONS: This finding, at odds with most previous studies, could reflect the special situation in Brazil where misoprostol is used for illegally-induced abortion. The use of misoprostol by this population may have contributed to the reduction of severe complications related to induced abortion which were most prevalent with more invasive methods. Recommendations are made as to the need for confirmatory studies as well as on information regarding cultural perceptions and concepts of abortion, and reasons why poor women fail to adopt available family planning methods.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1999

The reasons for termination of pregnancy in the third trimester.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the process in making decisions leading to termination of pregnancy in the third trimester and to evaluate the maternal morbidity associated with this procedure. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: The Maternité Port Royal University Hospital, Paris, France. POPULATION: A consecutive series of 956 terminations of pregnancy performed for fetal anomalies in singleton pregnancies, 305 of which were in the third trimester and 651 in the second. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Indications for termination of pregnancy; process leading to late termination of pregnancy; maternal morbidity. RESULTS: One hundred and thirteen (37%) third trimester terminations of pregnancy were associated with false negative resulted from the results of earlier screening tests. In 15 terminations (5%), the decision was postponed, although the poor fetal prognosis was established earlier. In 55 (18%) the diagnosis was not possible earlier than the third trimester, and in 122 (40%) the diagnosis was possible earlier but the poor prognosis for the fetus was not established until the third trimester. Maternal morbidity due to termination of pregnancy was similar in the second and third trimester. CONCLUSION: One-third of late terminations of pregnancy could have been avoided by more efficient screening in the second trimester. However, because fetal prognosis is not always clear when a malformation is diagnosed, postponing the decision until fetal development allows more thorough evaluation and may avoid unnecessary termination of pregnancy in the second trimester. This could be the main beneficial aspect of not setting a limit to the gestational age for performing termination of pregnancy.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1994

Induced abortion. Effects of marital status, age and parity on choice of pregnancy termination.

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of marital status, age and parity on the decision regarding pregnancy termination over time among pregnant Norwegian women. DESIGN: National surveillance data of induced abortions and births. MATERIAL: All women terminating their pregnancies (n = 174,590) as registered in the Abortion File in the Central Bureau of Statistics and all women giving birth (n = 639,551) as registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway between January 1, 1979 and December 31, 1990 were eligible for the study. Included in the analysis of pregnancy outcome were records with complete information on marital status, age and parity, which comprise 93.8% (n = 163,826) of all women having had an induced abortion and 99.0% (n = 633,542) of all women giving birth during the time period. OUTCOME MEASURE: The proportion of pregnancies terminated as induced abortions and the relative risk of pregnant women choosing abortion in strata of marital status, age and parity. STATISTICAL METHODS: Trend analysis of the proportion of pregnancies terminated as induced abortions in different time periods in categories of marital status, age and parity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: From the first three-year period 1979-81 to the last three-year period 1988-90 there was a decreasing tendency to choose abortion among unmarried pregnant women above 20 years of age and married women with two or more children. In the other strata of marital status, age and parity there were no changes over the time period, except for married women 20-24 years of age which was the only group that showed an increasing abortion tendency over the time period. The prospect of single parenthood was the strongest determinant for choosing abortion independent of age and parity. Within all age groups of married women the abortion tendency increased more with parity than age. Cohabiting women chose abortion significantly more often than married women did. However, the true estimate of choosing abortion among cohabiting women was closer to married women than to single women. In order to find out the importance of other social factors and attitudes in the decision making process regarding pregnancy outcome, adjustments must be made for marital status, age and parity.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2000

Incidence and socioeconomic determinants of abortion in rural Upper Egypt.

Because of a growing cultural and religious sensitivity and controversy over reproductive health issues, particularly abortion, this area remains relatively unexplored in Egypt. This study was conducted using a participatory approach to determine the morbidity and determinants of abortion in rural Upper Egypt. In all, 1025 women from six villages in Upper Egypt were included in the study. Information regarding the incidence of abortion, patterns of health care utilization and risk factors was obtained using a structured interview format. The local dialect was used in formulating questions and they were revised and amended by a panel of local leaders, interviewers and representatives of the study population. Interviewers were local educated (secondary or university level) female volunteers. Information about exposure to 17 risk factors was also collected and statistical analysis was done by estimating the odds ratio and applying a test of statistical significance. Then, a multivariate logistic regression model was applied to control for possible interactions and confounding effects. The results were that 40.6% (n=416) had aborted at least once; of them 24.6% (n=252) had aborted more than once and were designated as recurrent aborters. The lifetime prevalence of recurrent abortion was estimated to be 25% and nearly 21% of pregnancies were aborted. The incidence of abortion was estimated to be 265 per 1000 live birth. Only 21.9% (n=91) of women received medical care for the last abortion. The vast majority of women (92%, n=299) who did not seek medical help received help from traditional and domestic sources. These sources are midwife (59.9%, n=179), relative or neighbour (29.8%, n=89), and traditional practitioner (10.4%, n=31). The multivariate analysis revealed that the incidence of abortion is significantly associated with gravidity, consanguinity, and mother occupation, while recurrent abortion is associated with gravidity, consanguinity and woman's age at marriage. In conclusion, the morbidity of abortion is a serious public health problem in Egypt. Because the incidence rate is very high and because safe abortion is limited in Egypt, maternal mortality due to abortion is expected to be underestimated. Promotion of family planning is expected to have a significant impact on the incidence of abortion in Upper Egypt.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1994

Important conclusions from abortion studies.

In general, it can be concluded that the initiative on the determinants and consequences of induced abortion has shown some important patterns. For example, induced abortion is not restricted to adolescents but occurs also within marriage to limit family size. Induced abortion is prevalent both where family planning services are available and contraceptive prevalence is high as well as where family planning is not common, but for different reasons. In the former, motivation to limit family size is high and women would use any option if contraception fails or an unwanted pregnancy occurs. In the latter case, induced abortion forms part of a mix of incipient fertility regulation alternatives, most of which are traditional and of little effectiveness but including some use or improper use of modern methods. Few abortion seekers, and among them even fewer adolescents, were using a modern contraceptive at the time the pregnancy started. High use of traditional methods in some countries leads to abortion as women/couples fail to follow proper instructions with regards to the safe period. Unsafe clandestine abortions are more likely to be sought by poorer women and by adolescents. The findings of this research are increasingly being used to question the legal status of abortion in countries where the law is restrictive, or to strengthen family planning efforts in order to reduce abortion incidence.

Abortion, Induced↗